Soil databases and GIS

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Amelia Sobczyk
6 lat temu
Przeglądów:

1 Soil databases and GIS Dr Joanna Kossakowska Warsaw University of Technology

2 Local Soil Databases 1 : : Applications: cadastre physical planning soil protection terrain suitability precision agriculture plant cultivation...

3 Requirements Users needs Quality of data, precision Costs of: creating data base updating analysis and modelling

4 Quality of data, quality of information Resolution: spatial, semantic Spatial: size of pixel or graphical precision of maps 0.5 mm 1 : m 1 : m 1 : m 1 : m Semantic: number of attributes precision of attributes timeless of attributes

5 Creating of the soil database Type of soil

6 How to make local database Digitizing contours polygons Coding attributes Input attributes from maps, images, dtm, etc. Verification i.e. change coding Updating

7 Topographical map Soil-agriculture map Satellite image DTM

8 Changes in land use

10 Changes in land use

11 Using of Soil Databases for spatial analysis and modelling simple question spatial distribution of selected features (soil types or soil texture) combination of features connection with other thematic data bases (soils + vegetation) (soils + DTM)

12 Example of modelling: Expert classification Aim - search of spatial distribution of dominant soil type Problem definition of relationships between soil type with geomorphology and land cover Nie użytkowane rolniczo Gleby torfowe Czarne ziemie Gleby rdzawe Mady Gleby glejowe Gleby płowe

13 Base of expert knowledge Conditions of soil types occurrence on the area Morfogeneza Wysoczy zna morenowa falista Wy soczyzna morenowa płaska Pagórkowata strefa marginalna Ł Wały morenowe strefy marginalnej piaski i żwiry Ls R Zdenudowane wy soczyzny morenowe Równiny sandrowe Skład Pokrycie terenu Typ gleby granulometryczny gliny R brunatne, płowe piaski Ls rdzawe właściwe R brunatne wy ługowane gliny R płowe, opadowo glejowe piaski Ls rdzawe właściwe rdzawe bielicowane piaski i żwiry Ls rdzawe właściwe R brunatne wy ługowane Ł deluwialne, glejowe gliny R brunatne gruntowo-glejowe rdzawe właściwe brunatne wy ługowane pararędziny piaski Ls rdzawe właściwe rdzawe bielicowane gruntowo glejowe gliny R płowe opadowo glejowe czarne ziemie sandry bliższe Ls R rdzawe właściwe rdzawe bielicowane płowe bielicowane sandry dalsze R Bielicowe Ls rdzawe bielicowane piaski R bielicowe, bielice Tarasy akumulacji rzecznej a) plejstoceńskie piaski zwydmione Ls R bielicowe, rdzawe bielicowane bielicowe, rdzawe b) holoceńskie piaski, pyły, iły organiczne R, Ł Ł, N mady rzeczne, mułowe torfowe Równiny akumulacji zastoiskowej py ły, iły Ł czarne ziemie gleby glejowe Równiny akumulacji torfowiskowej i torfowiskowo-rzecznej gleby mułowe i murszowe Torfy, muły Ł mułowe, torfowe, murszowe, glejowe Definition of thematic class and relations between variables Typ użytek skład1 Dtm min Dtm max gl gsp glp pgl pglp R pgm A pgmp psp plz ps No pl Ls pglp ps gl glp gs pgl pglp Bw R pgm pgmp pl psp plz ps L pl, ps Ls pl

14 Stages of expert classification + kwnoledge Satellite image Soil type Land cover result Parent materials Digital terrain model Base of decision rules

15 Base of decision rules Baza reguł decyzyjnych Condition of DTM Main hypothesis: Soil type Ancillary hypothesis: Texture of parent material OR AND Legend: Hypothesis Rules Variables

16 Expert classification result: dominat soil types

17 Satellite image Conclusions Spectral classification Land cover Soil type Knowledge: Thematic context Spatial cotext... Decision rules: IF... THEN... GIS layers : DTM... Layer of soil type Combining of data sources with expert knowledge Quick updating & revision of the database

18 Example of spatial analysis: Analysis of suitability of agricultural areas for building purposes Basic assumptions Three classes are distinguished with respect to usefulness of the area for building purposes: - areas suitable for building purposes without any limitations, - areas suitable for building purposes with some limitations or after special treatment, - areas witch are not suitable for building purposes. Three factors which influence the suitability of areas for building purposes are considered: - loading capacity of grounds, - soil moisture, - terrain relief.

19 Detailed criteria of suitability analysis Classes of suitability (a) loading capacity of grounds (b) soil moisture (c) terrain relief 1.Areas suitable for housing without any limitations All mineral soils: A, Ax, Bw, Bg, D, Dz Soils suitability units: 1,2,3,5,6,7, A, Ax, Bw, Bg and some soils of the 4 th soil suitability unit with exclusion of Axg. slopes 0-3 % 2. Areas suitable for housing with limitation or after special treatment Layered Fluvisols (F) of lower location and Gleysols (G) SSU4 Luvisols with upper gleying (Ax, Axg) of light texture in the upper layer and of clayey background (top layer 1,2,3,4 classes of texture and subsurface layer 5,6 classes). Soil suitab. Units 1-6 on black earths: D, Dz, G Soil suitab. Units 1-7 on Fluvisols: F slopes =< 3-5% + location on a mountain - side 3. Areas unsuitable for housing Organic soils: E, T, M. Grasslands and pastures: 1z, 2z, 3z; Soil suitab. units 8,9,14 slopes > 5% + scarps and faults

20 Source data Soil data base Soil types Soil suitability units Texture Deep of texture change... Land cover Digital terrain model

21 Local soil data base 1:25000 Soil types Soil suitability units Texture of parent materials Attributes of soil mapping units

22 Spatial analysis diagram DTM slope loading capacity New attributes in DB Soil DB Soil moisture Satellite image Land cover Rivers Buffer

23 Result of spatial analysis

24 Perspective view 3D

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