SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE FATIGUE OF FOREST WORKERS BASED ON JAPANESE QUESTIONNAIRE

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1 SCIENTIARUM POLONORUMACTA Act Sci. Pol. Silv. Colendr. Rt. Ind. Lignr. 5() 006, 7-7 SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE FATIGUE OF FOREST WORKERS BASED ON JAPANESE QUESTIONNAIRE Witold Grzywiński, Ryszrd Hołot Agriculturl University of Poznń Abstrct. In order to evlute the ftigue of forest workers, the uthors used Jpnese questionnire. The investigtions included workers employed on 0 worksttions in silviculture, forest protection nd forest utiliztion. Workers filled the questionnire three times during the workdy. The frequency of the symptoms of tiredness from the group concerning reduced ctivity reported by workers before the beginning of work ws smll nd incresed in the course of work reching the highest vlues fter finishing work. Symptoms of reduced motivtions were reported by workers spordiclly, with the exception of opertors of hrvester nd forwrder where they dominted. The frequency of the occurrence of ftigue symptoms (ABC) before work mounted, on verge, to.9%, during the brek to 8.5%, wheres fter the termintion of work to.%. The group of symptoms of physicl ftigue ws chrcterised by the highest frequency nd scle of intensity. The most frequently reported symptoms included: thirst, bck pin nd stiff neck nd shoulders. For the distinct mjority of the exmined opertions, C > A > B type of ftigue chrcteristic for physicl jobs ws observed nd the only exception ws the job of opertors of hrvester nd forwrder which ws chrcterised by the B > C > A pttern of ftigue. Key words: ftigue, subjective methods, Jpnese questionnire, forestry INTRODUCTION Subjective ssessment methods of ftigue by work re simple nd esy to pply nd, simultneously, llow differentiting the compred worksttions with regrd to the level of worklod irrespective of the fct whether these sttions re similr or differ from one nother with respect to the chrcter of the performed opertions. There is correltion between chnges of physiologicl prmeters nd the results of the subjective ftigue mesurements [Grndjen 980]. Mny reserchers, mong others: Sprusińsk [984, 988], Dudek nd Mkowsk [986], Dudek nd Konirek [995] emphsise the Corresponding uthor Adres do korespondencji: Dr Witold Grzywiński, Deprtment of Forest Utiliztion of Agriculturl University of Poznń, Wojsk Polskiego 7A, Poznń, Polnd, e- mil: grzywit@u.poznn.pl

2 8 W. Grzywiński, R. Hołot usefulness of subjective methods of investigting ftigue which employ vrious questionnires nd multi score scles. One of the most populr methods is the subjective scle of ftigue (Jpnese questionnire) used in Jpn since 970. In Polnd, the method ws employed rrely in industry s well s in investigtions of tiredness of school children [Pluch 985]. In forestry, the bove-mentioned Jpnese questionnire ws used by Giefing nd Mn [996] to evlute the ftigue of forest workers during beech pre-felling hrvesting. The evlution of subjective ftigue ws lso crried out for tree pruning [Giefing999, Hołot nd Szbn 996]. The investigtions presented below imed t compring the degree of tiredness cross wide section of works crried out in forestry. MATERIAL AND RESEARCH METHODS The performed experiments comprised 0 worksttions in three principl sectors of forest economy: silviculture, forest protection 4 nd forest utiliztion 4. The nlysed jobs were crried out by men with the following prmeters: height (74.9 ± 4.8) cm, body weight 60-9 (78.0 ± 7.) kg, ge 8-5 (7.7 ± 8.5) yers, work experience in forestry 0-0 (8.64 ± 6.65) yers. The subjective ssessment of ftigue ws crried out by the worker himself by nswering set of questions concerning his generl physicl nd mentl condition. For this purpose, the uthors used modified Jpnese questionnire which comprises 0 symptoms of complints divided into three groups (Tble ) [Pluch 985]. The evlution of the worker s current generl physicl nd mentl condition on the bsis of the Jpnese questionnire ws conducted three times during the workdy: before beginning work, during the min brek nd directly fter finishing work. The employed scle contins five ctegories of opinions: definitely not (), rther not (), it is difficult to sy (), rther yes (4), definitely yes (5). Lter, the uthors determined the percentge frequency of the occurrence of ftigue symptoms in individul symptom groups (A, B, C) s well s cumultively (ABC) nd determined the type (pttern) of tiredness [Yoshitke 978]. RESULTS The frequency of ftigue symptoms from the group concerning reduced ctivity reported by workers before the beginning of work ws smll nd incresed in the course of work reching its pek fter work. Symptoms of reduced motivtion were reported by workers spordiclly, with the exception of opertors of hrvester nd forwrder, where they dominted. The group of symptoms of physicl ftigue ws chrcterised by the highest frequency nd scle of intensity. The most frequently reported symptoms included: Act Sci. Pol.

3 Subjective ssessment of the ftigue... 9 Tble. List of ftigue symptoms [Pluch 985] Tbel. List symptomów zmęczeni [Pluch 985] A group of questions concerning ctivities A grup pytń dotycząc ktywności I would like to lie down Chciłbym się położyć I feel sleepy Czuję się senny I m muddle-heded Mm zmęt w głowie I hve tired eyes Mm zmęczone oczy I feel ponderous Czuję się ociężły I feel ftigue in my legs Czuję zmęczenie w nogch My movements re clumsy Jestem niezręczny w ruchch I feel uncertin when I stnd Stojąc czuję się niepewnie I m hevy-heded Mm ociężłą głowę I ywn Ziewm B group of questions concerning motivtion B grup pytń dotycząc motywcji I m imptient Jestem zniecierpliwiony I m indecisive Jestem niezdecydowny I cnnot concentrte Nie mogę skupić uwgi I m indifferent Jestem zobojętniły I m slow in thinking Odczuwm powolność w myśleniu I m bsent-minded Czuję się roztrgniony My concentrtion is distrcted Moj uwg jest rozproszon I feel nxiety Odczuwm niepokój Speking mkes me feel tired Męczy mnie mówienie I feel edgy Jestem podenerwowny C group of questions concerning physicl ftigue C grup pytń dotycząc zmęczeni fizycznego My shoulders feel stiff Mm zesztywniłe brki My eyelids tremble Drżą mi powieki My limbs shiver Odczuwm drżenie kończyn I feel out of breth Mm krótki oddech I feel dizzy Odczuwm zwrót głowy I hve hedche Boli mnie głow My voice is horse Mój głos stje się ochrypły I feel thirsty Odczuwm prgnienie I hve bck pin Odczuwm ból w plecch My neck is stiff Czuję usztywnioną szyję thirst, pin in the bck, stiff neck nd shoulders. The frequency of the occurrence of ftigue symptoms (ABC) before work ws, on verge,.9%, during the brek 8.5% nd fter work.%. For the distinct mjority of the exmined works, C > A > B type of ftigue, chrcteristic for physicl jobs, ws observed nd the only exception ws the job of opertors of hrvester nd forwrder which ws chrcterised by the B > C > A pttern of tiredness typicl for mentl ctivities. Silviculture Workers performing silviculturl works begn work with slightly reduced level of ctivities. Symptoms were reported by hlf of the workers with the frequency of.7%, while the remining workers did not report symptoms of reduced ctivity. After finishing work, the frequency of symptom occurrence incresed significntly reching, on verge, 9.6% in ll the exmined workers. Workers did not report symptoms of reduced motivtion before work nd in the course of work s well s fter work, symptoms of this group were reported spordiclly. Slight symptoms of physicl ftigue before the beginning of work were reported only by three workers but the frequency of reporting them incresed, on verge, to.7% during the brek nd 40.0% fter work nd occurred in ll workers. Silvrum Colendrum Rtio et Industri Lignri 5() 006

4 0 W. Grzywiński, R. Hołot The highest intensity of psychosomtic symptoms occurred during plnting with dibble nd plnting with spde. The frequency pttern of ftigue symptoms ssumed, for ll the exmined worksttions, the form of C > A > B (Tble ). On verge, the occurrence frequency of the ftigue symptoms (ABC) reched.0% before work, 5.7% during the brek nd.9% fter work. Tble. Frequency of ftigue symptoms in individul groups of symptoms nd the ftigue pttern in silviculture Tbel. Częstość występowni objwów zmęczeni w poszczególnych grupch symptomów orz wzór zmęczeni w prcch z zkresu hodowli lsu Worksttion or type of work Stnowisko lub rodzj prcy Before work Przed prcą During brek Podczs przerwy After work Po prcy ABC ABC ABC Ftigue pttern Wzór zmęczeni Plnting using stndrd dibble Sdzenie pod kostur IBL worker kosturujący helper with seedlings pomocnik z sdzonkmi Plnting using Geting dibble Sdzenie pod kostur Getyng worker kosturujący helper with seedlings pomocnik z sdzonkmi Plnting using Huff dibble Sdzenie pod kostur Huff worker kosturujący helper with seedlings pomocnik z sdzonkmi Mnul preprtion of spots Ręczne wykonywnie tlerzy Plnting using spde Sdzenie pod szpdel worker szpdlowy helper with seedlings pomocnik z sdzonkmi Mnul scything of weeds Ręczne wyksznie uprw Motor-mnul cutting of weeds Mechniczne wyksznie uprw Erly clening Czyszczenie wczesne C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B Act Sci. Pol.

5 Subjective ssessment of the ftigue... The most frequently reported symptoms included: leg ftigue (75.0%), tired eyes (66.7%) s well s sleepiness nd feeling of ponderousness (58.% ech). As to the symptoms of physicl ftigue, the following ones were reported: thirst 00%, pin in the bck nd neck stiffness (9.7% ech) nd stiff shoulders 8.%. The symptoms intensity in the A nd C symptom groups before work were negligible. It incresed during the min brek (fter bout working hours), primrily, in the re of physicl tiredness (men vlue.9). After work, significnt increse ws observed in the ftigue score ssessment in groups A nd C (by.8 nd.09, respectively). Figure -c presents men evlution vlues in individul groups of symptoms in the course of workdy..5 Before work Przed prcą During brek Podczs przerwy.5 b After work Po prcy c Fig. -c. Men ssessment vlues in individul groups of ftigue symptoms on comprble worksttions in silviculture: plnting using stndrd dibble: worker, helper with seedlings; plnting using Geting dibble: worker, 4 helper with seedlings; plnting using Huff dibble: 5 worker, 6 helper with seedlings, 7 mnul preprtion of spots; plnting using spde: 8 worker, 9 helper with seedlings, 0 mnul scything of weeds, motormnul cutting of weeds, erly clening Rys. -c. Wrtości średnie ocen w poszczególnych grupch symptomów n porównywnych stnowiskch w prcch z zkresu hodowli lsu: sdzenie pod kostur IBL: kosturujący, pomocnik z sdzonkmi; sdzenie pod kostur Getyng: kosturujący, 4 pomocnik z sdzonkmi; sdzenie pod kostur Huff: 5 kosturujący, 6 pomocnik z sdzonkmi, 7 ręczne wykonywnie tlerzy; sdzenie pod szpdel: 8 szpdlowy, 9 pomocnik z sdzonkmi, 0 ręczne wyksznie uprwy, mechniczne wyksznie uprwy, czyszczenie wczesne Silvrum Colendrum Rtio et Industri Lignri 5() 006

6 W. Grzywiński, R. Hołot Forest protection When nlysing works concerning the forest protection, the uthors found decrese in the ctivity before strting work of smll intensity only in the cse of worker who did some fencing nd it continued lso during the brek nd receded fter work. Workers did not report symptoms chrcterising decline in their motivtion during the whole workdy. The frequency of reporting physicl ftigue symptoms during the brek mounted to 7.5% nd to 7.5% fter work. The highest intensity of symptoms of physicl ftigue ws recorded in worker who did some fencing nd in worker who ws hnging boxes for birds 50% in ech cse. The determined pttern C > A > B of the frequency of ftigue symptoms in the ctivities ssocited with forest protection is chrcteristic for opertions involving high level of physicl ctivities (Tble ). The frequency of ftigue symptoms (ABC) before work verged.7%, during the brek.% nd fter work.5%. Tble. Frequency of ftigue symptoms in individul groups of symptoms nd the ftigue pttern in forest protection Tbel. Częstość występowni objwów zmęczeni w poszczególnych grupch symptomów orz wzór zmęczeni w prcch z zkresu ochrony lsu Worksttion or type of work Stnowisko lub rodzj Before work Przed prcą During brek Podczs przerwy After work Po prcy prcy ABC ABC ABC Ftigue pttern Wzór zmęczeni Fencing of forest plnttion Grodzenie uprwy min worker prcownik główny helper pomocnik Gurding stumps ginst fungus Zbezpiecznie pników Hnging boxes for birds Wywiesznie budek dl ptków C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B The decresed ctivity of the exmined persons mnifested itself in the frequency of reporting leg ftigue (00%) nd ywning declred by 75.0% workers. The most frequent symptoms of physicl ftigue included: thirst nd pin in the bck (00% ech) nd trembling of hnds (75.0%). Men score ssessments in the individul groups of symptoms during workdy re shown in Figure -c. An increse in the intensity scores of symptoms from.45 points during the brek to.67 fter work ws observed only in the group of symptoms of physicl ftigue. The highest score points during the entire workdy were recorded in the cse of worker crrying most of his work fencing plnttion. Act Sci. Pol.

7 Subjective ssessment of the ftigue Before work Przed prcą 4 b.5.5 During brek Podczs przerwy 4 c.5.5 After work Po prcy 4 Fig. -c. Men ssessment vlues in individul groups of ftigue symptoms on comprble worksttions in forest protection: fencing of forest plnttion: min worker, helper; gurding stumps ginst fungus; 4 hnging boxes for birds Rys. -c. Wrtości średnie ocen w poszczególnych grupch symptomów n porównywnych stnowiskch w prcch z zkresu ochrony lsu: grodzenie uprwy, prcownik główny, grodzenie uprwy, pomocnik, zbezpiecznie pników, 4 wywiesznie budek Forest utiliztion Symptoms concerning decline in the ctivities in workers crrying out timber hrvesting were registered spordiclly before the beginning of work nd during work nd reched 5.0% of the frequency of reports submitted fter work. Symptoms ssocited with the decline of motivtion were recorded only in opertors of hrvester nd forwrder. Before work, the occurrence frequency of these symptoms reched 5.0% nd they were reported by out of 4 of the exmined workers but it decresed to 7.5% ( worker) in the course of the brek. After work, symptoms of the decline of motivtion occurred in ll the exmined workers with the verge frequency of.5%. The frequency of physicl ftigue symptoms in the course of the brek verged 5.0% for ll experiment subjects nd it reched 0.7% fter work. The C > A > C pttern of ftigue, chrcteristic for physicl workers, occurred on ll worksttions with the exception of opertors of hrvester nd forwrder, where the B > C > A type of ftigue ws recorded (Tble 4). The frequency of ftigue symptoms (ABC) before work verged.9% incresed to 6.4% during the brek nd reched 4.0% fter work. The most frequent complints in the field of the decline in ctivity ws leg ftigue (8.6%), wheres in the cse of complints ssocited with the decline in motivtion the most frequent complints included: pthy nd filure to focus ttention (.4% ech). As to symptoms ssocited with physicl ftigue, the dominnt ones included: thirst (7.4%), pin in the bck (64.%) s well s stiff shoulders nd trembling hnds (57.% ech). The intensity of symptoms during the dy becme most pprent in the group of symptoms concerning physicl ftigue (C) nd, to lesser degree, in the group of decresed ctivity (A). The men score ssessment in group C in the course of the brek mounted to.4 nd reched.06 points fter work (Fig. -c). The men point evlution fter work in group A reched.. Silvrum Colendrum Rtio et Industri Lignri 5() 006

8 4 W. Grzywiński, R. Hołot Tble 4. Frequency of ftigue symptoms in individul groups of symptoms nd the ftigue pttern in forest utiliztion Tbel 4. Częstość występowni objwów zmęczeni w poszczególnych grupch symptomów orz wzór zmęczeni w prcch z zkresu użytkowni lsu Worksttion or type of work Stnowisko lub rodzj Before work Przed prcą During brek Podczs przerwy After work Po prcy prcy ABC ABC ABC Ftigue pttern Wzór zmęczeni Lte clening Czyszczenie późne Erly thinning Trzebież wczesn feller drwl feller s ssistnt pomocnik drwl skidder-driver of frm trctor zrywkrz (ciągnik C-0) Lte thinning motormnul Trzebież późn t. ręczno-mszynow feller drwl feller s ssistnt pomocnik drwl skidder-driver of LKT zrywkrz (LKT) horse skidder (crter) zrywkrz konny Lte thinning mechnized Trzebież późn t. mszynow opertor of hrvester opertor hrwester opertor of forwrder opertor forwrder Lte thinning mechnized with midfield Trzebież późn t. mszynow z międzyplonem opertor of hrvester opertor hrwester opertor of forwrder opertor forwrder feller drwl feller s ssistnt pomocnik drwl C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B C > A > B 0. B > C > A B > C > A B > C > A B > C > A C > A > B C > A > B Act Sci. Pol.

9 Subjective ssessment of the ftigue... 5,5 Before work Przed prcą,5, During brek Podczs przerwy,5 b c 4,5,5, After work Po prcy Fig. -c. Men ssessment vlues in individul groups of ftigue symptoms on comprble worksttions in forest utiliztion: lte clening; erly thinning: feller, feller s ssistnt, 4 skidder-driver of frm trctor; lte thinning motor-mnul technology: 5 feller, 6 feller s ssistnt, 7 skidder-driver of LKT, 8 horse skidder (crter); lte thinning mechnized technology: 9 opertor of hrvester, 0 opertor of forwrder; lte thinning mechnized technology with midfield: opertor of hrvester, opertor of forwrder, feller, 4 feller s ssistnt Rys. -c. Wrtości średnie ocen w poszczególnych grupch symptomów n porównywnych stnowiskch w prcch z zkresu użytkowni lsu: l czyszczenie późne; trzebież wczesn: drwl, pomocnik drwl, 4 zrywkrz (ciągnik C-0); trzebież późn technologi ręcznomszynow: 5 drwl, 6 pomocnik drwl, 7 zrywkrz (LKT), 8 zrywkrz konny; trzebież późn technologi mszynow: 9 opertor hrwester, 0 opertor forwrder; trzebież późn technologi mszynow z międzypolem: opertor hrwester, opertor forwrder, drwl, 4 pomocnik drwl DISCUSSION Anlysing the results of the ftigue subjective ssessment it ws found tht works crried out in forestry re of physicl chrcter (ftigue pttern C > A > B). The intensifiction frequency of rduousness symptoms incresed together with the pssge of time of the work shift. The gretest symptoms intensity ws observed in the group of Silvrum Colendrum Rtio et Industri Lignri 5() 006

10 6 W. Grzywiński, R. Hołot symptoms which chrcterise physicl ftigue nd degree of ctivity. The motivtion level remined high throughout the workdy. A similr interreltion ws reported by Giefing nd Mn [996] during thinning, Hołot nd Szbn [996] s well s Giefing [999] during tree pruning. In the mjority of cses workers begn work with reduced ctivity which cn be ttributed to the high physiologicl costs of forest works. In ddition, mny workers employed in forests lso hve their own smll frms or tke up dditionl employment nd, therefore, the night s rest fils to provide full regenertion of strength. The ftigue symptoms reported most frequently included: ftigue in legs, pin in the bck nd stiff shoulders confirming high lod proportion of the musculoskeletl system resulting from forced positions nd high physicl effort in forest works [Grzywiński 005, b]. The ftigue pttern (B > C > A) determined in the cse of hrvester nd forwrder opertors is chrcteristic for worksttions with the predominnce of mentl effort. Yoshitke [978] reported this type of ftigue on worksttions occupied, mong others, by helicopter pilots, ir trffic controllers, bnk clerks where the level of psychologicl lod is very high. The domintion of symptoms of the motivtion decline on worksttions of hrvester nd forwrder opertors cn be the result of high level of psychologicl lods (especilly in opertors of hrvester) s well s of high monotony of the performed opertions, condition invribility of the work environment in cbins nd isoltion from outside stimuli, which cn esily led to the feeling of weriness nd speed up the onset of tiredness. CONCLUSIONS. The frequency of symptoms ssocited with reduced ctivity nd physicl ftigue before work ws low nd incresed during work reching the highest vlues fter work.. Symptoms of reduced motivtion were reported by workers spordiclly with the exception of opertors of hrvester nd forwrder, where they were dominnt.. The highest frequency nd scle of intensity ws observed in the group of symptoms of physicl ftigue. The most frequently reported symptoms included: thirst, pin in the bck, neck stiffness nd stiff shoulders. 4. The occurrence frequency of ftigue symptoms (ABC) before work verged.9%, during the brek 8.5% nd fter work.%. 5. The mjority of the exmined works ws chrcterised by the C > A > B type of ftigue, typicl for physicl jobs. The only exceptions were observed in the cse of opertors of hrvester nd forwrder where the pproprite ftigue pttern ws B > C > A, typicl for mentl works. REFERENCES Dudek B., Konirek J., 995. The subjective rting scles for mesurement of mentl worklod Thurstonin scling. Int. J. Occup. Sf. Ergon. (), 8-9. Dudek B., Mkowsk Z., 986. Skle do pomiru psychicznego obciążeni prcą. Przegl. Psychol. 9 (), Giefing D.F., 999. Podkrzesywnie drzew w lesie. Wyd. AR Poznń. Act Sci. Pol.

11 Subjective ssessment of the ftigue... 7 Giefing D.F., Mn M., 996. Ergonomiczn nliz wybrnych procesów technologicznych pozyskiwni buk w cięcich przedrębnych. Zst. Ergon. -, Grndjen E., 980. Fitting the tsk to the mn. Tylor & Frncis Ltd London. Grzywiński W., 005. Koszt energetyczny prcy w leśnictwie. Zst. Ergon. -, Grzywiński W., 005 b. Obciążenie prcą sttyczną w leśnictwie. In: Obciążenie ukłdu ruchu. Przyczyny i skutki. Eds R. Pluch, M. Kuliński, R. Michlski. PAN Wrocłw, Hołot R.J., Szbn J., 996. Ergonomiczn uciążliwość podkrzesywni drzew piłmi ręcznymi. Pił typu Duner. Zst. Ergon. -, Pluch R., 985. Ocen zmęczeni n podstwie subiektywnego odczuci kwestionriusz jpoński. Bezp. Pr. 7-8, -6. Sprusińsk E., 984. Określenie obciążeni prcą n podstwie subiektywnej oceny zmęczeni. Stud. Mt. Monogr. IMP Łódź 8, Sprusińsk E., 988. Subiektywne zmęczenie prcą teori i metody bdni. Zesz. Metod-Org. IMP Łódź, 5-6. Yoshitke H., 978. Three chrcteristic ptterns of subjective ftigue symptoms. Ergonomics (), -. SUBIEKTYWNA OCENA ZMĘCZENIA ROBOTNIKÓW LEŚNYCH NA PODSTAWIE KWESTIONARIUSZA JAPOŃSKIEGO Streszczenie. Ocen subiektywn jest prostą metodą wrtościowni zmęczeni. Jest nią odpowiedź prcownik dotycząc poziomu obciążeni prcą n stnowisku roboczym. Do oceny zmęczeni robotników leśnych zstosowno kwestionriusz jpoński, skłdjący się z 0 pytń podzielonych n trzy grupy dolegliwości dotyczących ktywności, motywcji i zmęczeni fizycznego. Bdnimi objęto prcowników n 0 stnowiskch roboczych, wykonujących różnorodne prce z zkresu hodowli, ochrony i użytkowni lsu. Robotnicy wypełnili kwestionriusz trzykrotnie w ciągu dni roboczego: przed rozpoczęciem prcy, w trkcie głównej przerwy i bezpośrednio po zkończeniu prcy. Częstość objwów zmęczeni z grupy dotyczącej obniżeni ktywności zgłsznych przez robotników przed rozpoczęciem prcy był niewielk i rosł w trkcie prcy, osiągjąc njwyższe wrtości po jej zkończeniu. Symptomy obniżonej motywcji były zgłszne przez prcowników spordycznie, z wyjątkiem opertorów hrwester i forwrder, u których dominowły. Częstość występowni objwów zmęczeni (ABC) przed prcą wynosił średnio,9%, w trkcie przerwy 8,5%, ntomist po zkończeniu prcy,%. Njwyższą frekwencją i sklą nsileni odznczł się grup symptomów zmęczeni fizycznego. Do njczęściej sygnlizownych objwów nleżły: prgnienie, ból w plecch, usztywnion szyj i zesztywnie brki. Zdecydownej większości prc towrzyszył typ zmęczeni C > A > B, chrkterystyczny dl prc fizycznych. Wzór zmęczeni w postci B > C > A, typowy dl prc umysłowych, dotyczył jedynie prcy opertorów wieloopercyjnych. Słow kluczowe: zmęczenie, metody subiektywne, kwestionriusz jpoński, leśnictwo Accepted for print Zkceptowno do druku: For cittion Do cytowni: Grzywiński W., Hołot R., 006. Subjective ssessment of the ftigue of forest workers bsed on Jpnese questionnire. Act Sci. Pol., Silv. Colendr. Rt. Ind. Lignr. 5(), 7-7. Silvrum Colendrum Rtio et Industri Lignri 5() 006