Development of SOFC technology in IEn OC Cerel

Development of SOFC technology in IEn OC Cerel mgr. inż. Michał Kawalec dr inż. Ryszard Kluczowski dr inż. Mariusz Krauz ing. Jan Pieter Ouweltjes

1 Introduction 2 AS-SOFC technology 3 Cell tests 4 SOFC stack 5 Summary

1 Introduction 2 AS-SOFC technology 3 Cell test 4 SOFC stack 5 Summary

Comparison of construction and dimensional proportions of ESC and ASC

AK Anode contact layer NiO A Anode support NiO/8YSZ AF Anode functional layer NiO/8YSZ E Electrolyte layer 8YSZ WP- Intermediate layer - GDC K Cathode layer LSCF Electrolite (Y 2 O 3 ) 0,08 (ZrO 2 ) 0,92 TOSOH Intermediate layer Gd 0,1 Ce 0,9 O 2 - Praxair Anode (Y 2 O 3 ) 0,08 (ZrO 2 ) 0,92 TOSOH NiO J.T. Baker Cathode La 0,6 Sr 0,4 Fe 0,8 Co 0,2 O 3 δ - Praxair

1 Introduction 2 AS-SOFC technology 3 Cell test 4 SOFC stack 5 Summary

Methods for preparation of anode support Tape casting Tape casting table with limiting edges

Methods for preparation of anode support High pressure injection molding Technological line for preparation of granules for high pressure injection molding. The line consists of a twin screw extruder, pelletizer and cooling baths. High pressure injection Sumitomo Demag 60-310 (mold closing force: 600 kn) High pressure injection BOY XS (mold closing force: 100 kn) Mold for high pressure injection of anode suppports

Methods of thin film deposition Ink-Jet Printing Film thickness range: 0,5 20 μm Precursor: sol or submicron 8YSZ powder slurry (binder, plasticizer, dispersant) Advantages: precise control of layer thickness, non-contact method, layers below 1 μm can be obtained Disadvantages: nozzles are easily blocked, very precize control of powder particle sizes required Usage: electrolyte, functional and contact layers for anode and cathode Ink-Jet Printing schematic

Methods of thin film deposition Ink-Jet Printing Ink-Jet Printer Printing head with 16 nozzles

Methods of thin film deposition Paste Impregnation Method (MIP) Film thickness range : 4 20 μm Precursor: submicron 8YSZ powder Advantages: thin and gas-tight electrolyte Disadvantages: supports have tendency to cracking and defoming after sintering Usage: electrolyte Device for MIP

Methods of thin film deposition Paste Impregnation Method (MIP) Cathode Electrolyte 8YSZ (TOSOH) Carrier terpineol, etylocelulose Sintering 1400 C Electrolyte Anode Fuel cell cross-section with electrolyte layer prepared by MIP

Methods of thin film deposition Screen printing Film thickness range : 2 50 μm Precursor: submicron ceramic powders Advantages: efficient and economical method, applicable for mass production Usage: electrolyte, functional and contact layers for anode and cathode Semi automatic screen printer KPX model 2012

Methods of thin film deposition Screen printing Cathode Intermediate layer Electrolyte Anode SEM image of cell with layers made by method of screen printing

Manufacturing of anode support by injection molding or tape casting, debinding Application of anode layer by screen printing method, sintering Application of electrolyte layer by ink-jet printing method or screen printing method, sintering Quality control Application of intermediate layer and cathode layer, final sintering

1 Introduction 2 AS-SOFC technology 3 Cell tests 4 SOFC stack 5 Summary

Electrochemical testing (Ink Jet Printing method) SOFC with electrolyte prepared by ink-jet printing method Fuel: 95%H 2 +5%H 2 O, Oxidant: air D. Younga, J. Power Sources 184 (2008) 191 projekt EFECTS (2009) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cell type NiO+YSZ / YSZ / YSZ+LSM NiO+YSZ / YSZ / YSZ+LSM Active area 1.3 cm 2 16 cm 2 Cell performance max. 175 mw/cm2 w 750 C, instability at 800 C 170 mw/cm 2 at 800 C OCV 0.99-1.07 1.01 1.02 Electrolyte thickness: 6-12 μm 5-10 μm Preparing method: ink-jet printing ink-jet printing Electrolyte porosity: no open porosity no open porosity

Electrochemical testing (MIP) Microstucture of AS-SOFC with electrolyte prepared by MIP

Electrochemical testing (screen printing method) AS-SOFC prepared in OC CEREL

Electrochemical testing (screen printing method) Temperature [ C] Max. power density [W/cm 2 ] 800 1,5 750 0,77 650 0,25 Test conditions: fuel hydrogen hydrogen flow 1 l/min air flow - 2 l/min R. Kluczowski, M. Krauz, M. Kawalec, J.P. Ouweltjes NEAR NET SHAPE MANUFACTURING OF PLANAR ANODE SUPPORTED SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS BY USING CERAMIC INJECTION MOLDING AND SCREEN PRINTING Journal of Power Sources, 2014 [in press]

1 Introduction 2 AS-SOFC technology 3 Cell test 4 SOFC stack 5 Summary

SOFC stack and natural gas steam reformer

1 Introduction 2 AS-SOFC technology 3 Cell test 4 SOFC stack 5 Summary

1. Production technology for preparation of AS-SOFC was developed in CEREL. 2. Most effective and reproducible technology for preparation of anode supports is high pressure injection molding. 3. Developed methods for thin film deposition at CEREL: Ink-Jet Printing MIP Screen printing 4. Application of these methods allowed for preparation of complete AS-SOFC with dimensions of 50x50 mm and test results comparable with DTU (1.5 W/cm 2 at 800 C). 5. Cells prepared by injection molding and screen printing are currently used for development of 2 kw SOFC stack. This stack is projected to be operated in conjunction with a natural gas reformer. 6. 100x100 mm AS-SOFC are currently under development.

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