PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF VEHICLES 2(106)/2016 Maciej Foremny 1, Szymon Gudowski 2, Michał Malesza 3, Henryk Bąkowski 4 TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR ESTIMATION OF THE ENGINE OILS USED IN DRIFTING 1. Introduction Engine oil is a lubricant in internal combustion engines, whose main task is to protect engine components working in different conditions. Conditions such as frequent change of of humidity, pressures, temperature and loads, as well as mechanical impurities and chemicals make the environment in which it works engine oil is not favorable. The paper attempts to evaluate the wear resistance of engine oils used for most heavy duty internal combustion engines used in drifting. 2. Test equipment and materials 2.1. Laboratory stand The design and execution of the test, allows us to very accurately create the conditions in which we want to test the oil (Fig. 1). Each result can be controlled using two parameters, which are the results from the meter and view the sample used for examination under a microscope. All these parameters allow for the verification and evaluation of motor oil. Fig. 1. Research equipment: a) experimental laboratory stand, b), scheme 1 Maciej Foremny, student, Member of the Scientific Group SR, Silesian University of Technology 2 Szymon Gudowski, student, Member of the Scientific Group SR, Silesian University of Technology 3 Michał Malesza, student, Member of the Scientific Group SR, Silesian University of Technology 4 Ph.D. Henryk Bąkowski, Assist. Prof., Faculty of Transport, Silesian University of Technology 31
2.2. Materials and tests procedure The material used for the study was chosen so as to reflect the terms of cooperation the real object, ie. cam flank with a valve lifter contact. Used steel 100Cr6 hardened to the hardness of 62 HRC. a) b) c) Fig. 2. View of test samples in sliding contact: a) oil SORT 5W30, b) 10W60, c) 5W30 The study used oils for heavy duty lubrication (Fig. 2. a, b) used in extreme sports (drifting) and oil (Fig. 2. c) used for engines operating in moderate conditions. During tribological tests measured the resistance of the association to determine the moment of seizure. The research were obtained paths of contact, which were used to the quantitative metallographic examination. Figure 3 shows the position in which the measured average paths contact.) Fig. 3. Quantitative Metallographic Analysis of the friction path Studies conducted in oil at 120 C and observed value in the whole test. 3. Results 3.1. Tribological test Comparative tribological tests were performed on experimental stand in a ball-on disc in sliding contact. The measurement results are shown in Figure 4. 32
Resistance, Ω Resistance, Ω Resistance, Ω a) b) 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 25 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Time 20 15 10 5 c) 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Time Fig. 4. Resistance versus time for: a) oil SORT 5W30, b) 10W60, c) 5W30 The best properties characterized SORT 5W30 oil and not observed the moment of seizure (a sudden increase in value as a result of oxide formation and growth temperature). In addition, the measured value of the parameter is low during the whole research times in opposed to the other (Fig. 4 b, c). During the test the temperature, which reached the engine oil by artificial heat only the oil grade 5W30 not changed. In other cases, for SORT5W30 10W60 the temperature decreased. 33
a) b) c) Fig. 5. Surface friction: a) SORT 5W30, b) 10W60, c) 5W30 3.2. Metallographic results The results of the quantitative metallographic investigation are shown in Table 1. On figure 5 c observed spalling evidence of adhesive wear. Tacking and tearing material from the surface demonstrates a lack of lubricant film and insufficient lubrication conditions. 34
Table 1. Results statement of the quantitative metallographic analysis for different oils Oil type Sort 5W30 10W60 5W30 The width of the friction path, μm 849,25 912,34 987,12 Metallographic examination allowed to define the mechanisms of wear (Fig. 5). 4. Conclusion Engine oil is a lubricant in internal combustion engines, whose main task is to protect engine components working in different conditions. Conditions such as frequent change of of humidity, pressures, temperature and loads, as well as mechanical impurities and chemicals make the environment in which it works engine oil is not favorable. The paper attempts to evaluate the wear resistance of engine oils used for most heavy duty internal combustion engines used in drifting. The design and execution of the test, can very accurately create the conditions in which we want to test the oil. On the discs used for testing motor oils, they are visible also quite strong discoloration of color, which indicates that the oil does not allow for good lubrication and occurred to a lot of friction, which has increased the temperature in the system. References: [1] Praca zbiorowa. Przemysłowe środki smarne. Poradnik, Total, Warszawa, 2003. [2] Harlecki A.: Analysis of dynamics of the piston-crank system of a selected internal combustion engine with the use of the MSC.ADAMS and ANSYS software interface. Combustion Engines. 2013, 154(3), 1076-1083. Abstract Engine oil is a lubricant in internal combustion engines, whose main task is to protect engine components working in different conditions. Conditions such as frequent change of of humidity, pressures, temperature and loads, as well as mechanical impurities and chemicals make the environment in which it works engine oil is not favorable. The paper attempts to evaluate the wear resistance of engine oils used for most heavy duty internal combustion engines used in drifting. The design and execution of the test, can very accurately create the conditions in which we want to test the oil. On the discs used for testing motor oils, they are visible also quite strong discoloration of color, which indicates that the oil does not allow for good lubrication and occurred to a lot of friction, which has increased the temperature in the system. Keywords: engine oil, drifting, extremal wearing. OCENA ZUŻYCIA TRIBOLOGICZNEGO OLEJÓW SILNIKOWYCH WYKORZYSTYWANYCH DO DRIFTU Streszczenie Olej silnikowy jest środkiem smarującym w silnikach spalinowych, którego głównym zadaniem jest ochrona elementów silnika pracujących w różnych warunkach 35
eksploatacyjnych. Warunki takie jak częste zmiany wilgotności, ciśnienia, temperatury i obciążenia, a także zanieczyszczeń mechanicznych i chemicznych sprawiają, że środowisko, w którym to działa olej silnikowy nie jest korzystne. W pracy podjęto próbę oceny odporności na zużycie olejów silnikowych wykorzystywanych do większości silników spalinowych stosowanych w ciężkim driftingu. Badania miały charakter porównawczy. Badania pozwoliły na odwzrowanie warunków w których chcemy sprawdzić olej. Na próbce używaną do badań są widoczne również bardzo silne zabarwienie koloru, co oznacza, że olej nie pozwalił na dobre smarowanie i występowaniem dużego tarcia, co spowodowało podwyższenie temperatury w układzie. Słowa kluczowe: olej silnikowy, drift, zużycie ekstremalne. (10 pt) 36