Folia Philosophica 34

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1 Folia Philosophica 34

2 Folia Philosophica 34 special issue Forms of Criticism in Philosophy and Science Edited by Dariusz Kubok Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Katowice 2015

3 Editor of the Series: Filozofia Dariusz Kubok Editor-in-Chief Dariusz Kubok Editorial Board Andrzej J. Noras (history of philosophy), Tomasz Kubalica (ontology), Piotr Łaciak (epistemology), Danuta Ślęczek-Czakon (ethics), Maria Popczyk (aesthetics), Piotr Machura (axiology), Krzysztof Szymanek (logic) Program Council Heinrich Badura (Wiedeń), Gerhard Banse (Karlsruhe), Józef Bańka (Katowice), Ľubomir Belás (Prešov), Stanisław Borzym (Warszawa), Czesław Głombik (Katowice), Jan Hartman (Kraków), Adam Jonkisz (Bielsko-Biała), Andrzej Kiepas (Katowice), Jerzy Kopania (Białystok), Nicanor Ursua Lezaun (San Sebastian), Iwona Lorenc (Warszawa), Leon Miodoński (Wrocław), Robert Piłat (Warszawa), Jan Štěpán (Olomouc), Stefan Symotiuk (Lublin), Jan Zouhar (Brno) Board of Referees Iwona Alechnowicz-Skrzypek, Bolesław Andrzejewski, Andrzej M. Ka niowski, Agnieszka Kijewska, Jan Krokos, Radosław Kuliniak, Anna Latawiec, Vladimír Leško, Andrzej Lorenz, Marek Maciejczak, Artur Mordka, Andrzej Papuziński, Zlatica Plašienková, Tadeusz Szubka, Włodzimierz Tyburski, Ryszard Wiśniewski, Kazimierz Wolsza Once out-of-print, this issue will be available online: Central and Eastern European Online Library The Silesian Digital Library Institute of Philosophy, University of Silesia in Katowice

4 Table of Contents Preface...7 Dariusz Kubok: Comments on the Sources of Greek Philosophical Criticism...9 Sebastian Śpiewak: The Homeric Source of the Category of dòxa. Dokšw from a Cognitive-Presumptive Perspective: A Presumption on the Present...33 Andrzej J. Noras: Being Critical, Meaning What?...61 Tomasz Kubalica: Critical Metaphysics in the Views of Otto Liebmann and Johannes Volkelt...77 Piotr Łaciak: Dogmatism and Criticism in the Conception of Phenomenological Reduction Krzysztof Wieczorek: Why Should We Think Critically? Comments on the Critical Rationalism of Hans Albert Tomasz Pawelec: The Freudian Hermeneutics of Suspicion and Historical Source Critique Bogdan Dembiński: Elements of Greek Scepticism in Richard Feynman s Views on Science Łukasz Sułkowski, Michał Zawadzki: Critical Discourse in Contemporary Management Science Piotr Machura: Luck, Ignorance, and Moral Attitude Piotr Świercz: Contextualism vs. Non-Contextualism in Political Philosophy. A Contribution to the Debate on Criticism in the Political Sciences Radosław Małek: Individualism and the Social Contract as Expressions of the Critical Genesis of the State in Light of the Views of N. Machiavelli and Th. Hobbes

5 Spis treści Przedmowa...7 Dariusz Kubok: Uwagi o źródłach greckiego krytycyzmu filozoficznego...9 Sebastian Śpiewak: Homerowe źródła kategorii dòxa. Dokšw w znaczeniu kognitywno-presumpcyjnym: Presumpcja na temat teraźniejszości...33 Andrzej J. Noras: Być krytycznym, czyli co?...61 Tomasz Kubalica: Metafizyka krytyczna Ottona Liebmanna i Johannesa Volkelta...77 Piotr Łaciak: Dogmatyzm i krytycyzm w koncepcji redukcji fenomenologicznej Krzysztof Wieczorek: Dlaczego mamy myśleć krytycznie? Kilka uwag o krytycznym racjonalizmie Hansa Alberta Tomasz Pawelec: Freudowska hermeneutyka podejrzeń a krytyka źródła historycznego Bogdan Dembiński: Argumenty sceptyckie w koncepcji nauki R. Feynmana Łukasz Sułkowski, Michał Zawadzki: Dyskurs krytyczny we współczesnych naukach o zarządzaniu Piotr Machura: Traf, niewiedza i postawa moralna Piotr Świercz: Kontekstualism wobec niekontekstualizmu w świetle filozofii politycznej. Przyczynek do debaty poświęconej krytycyzmowi w naukach politycznych Radosław Małek: Indywidualizm i umowa społeczna jako wyraz krytycznej genezy państwa w ujęciu N. Machiawellego i T. Hobbesa

6 Folia Philosophica 34 ISSN (online) ISSN (print) Preface The tome hereby presented is the first special issue of Folia Philosophica. Monographic in character as it concerns a variety of forms of criticism in the context of the development of science and philosophy it is, at the same time, interdisciplinary, since the contributing authors represent diverse fields of scholarship. Owing to such an assumption, criticism whether it is understood as an angle of reflection or as a cognitive attitude is presented in a very broad perspective. Although the volume makes no claims to exhaustiveness, this multifaceted approach grants one an insight allowing for a better understanding of both the complexity of the concept itself and of the possible (and not always manifest) consequences of the application of criticism in cultural practice. The aim of this volume is to offer the reader a reflection on the presence and significance of criticism in the European tradition of scholarship, science and philosophy. Criticism may be understood as an attitude which emphasizes one s ability to discriminate between various areas of cognition and to distinguish them from available modes of cognition; an attitude in which one s ability to pass judgments and form opinions is of primary importance, and, simultaneously, an attitude in which antidogmatism of stances is of central value. The significance of criticism does not solely manifest itself in the fact that it never ceases to be a serious theoretical challenge to scholars. Above all, its importance is testified to by its palpable, multifaceted contribution to the understanding and shaping of many areas of social life. Today, however, positions

7 8 Preface characterized by a marked deficit of critical attitude seem to proliferate: the detrimental results of this process are already visible in contemporary culture. This is why the insights offered in this volume are important: it is intended to open space for a deeper understanding of criticism and its role, as well as to propagate values related to the application of critical thinking, in various areas of human experience. Dariusz Kubok (Translated by Krystyna Warchał)

8 Cover Designer Grzegorz Nowak Translator Lisa Fretschel Translations of the preface and abstracts Krystyna Warchał Proofreader John Eric Starnes Typesetter Paweł Jędrzejko Copyright 2015 by University of Silesia in Katowice All rights reserved Published by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego ul. Bankowa 12B, Katowice ISSN (online) ISSN (print) First impression Print run: Publishing sheets: 19,5 Printed sheets: 17,75 Offset paper, grade III, 90 g price: 20,00 PLN (+VAT) Printing and binding: EXPOL, P. Rybiński, J. Dąbek, Spółka Jawna ul. Brzeska 4, Włocławek