Klementowice. A Magdalenian site in eastern Poland. edited by tadeusz wiś niewski

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1 Klementowice. A Magdalenian site in eastern Poland edited by tadeusz wiś niewski

2 Klementowice. A Magdalenian site in eastern Poland 1

3 2

4 Klementowice. A Magdalenian site in eastern Poland edited by tadeusz wiśniewski Institute of Archaeology Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin

5 reviewers prof. dr hab. Stefan Karol Kozłowski, prof. dr hab. Krzysztof Cyrek edited by Tadeusz Wiśniewski consultations prof. dr hab. Andrzej Kokowski, dr Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska front cover illustration Anna Fecko-Mleczko drawings for plates T. Wiśniewski, J. Libera, B. Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska, P. Mączyński, A. Rakoca, P. Rozbiegalski, J. Mugaj translation into English Emilia Nodżak proofreading Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska, Tadeusz Wiśniewski, Andrzej Kokowski Copyright by Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie 2015 Copyright by Tadeusz Wiśniewski 2015 ISBN publisher Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie edition 300 pcs. typesetting, design and print PETIT Skład-Druk-Oprawa, Spółka Komandytowa ul. Tokarska 13, Lublin tel. (+48) , faks (+48) biuro@petit.lublin.pl, Dofinansowano ze środków Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego Subsidized by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage 4

6 Contents Klementowice Project ( ) 7 Preface 9 Acknowledgements 11 Archaeology 13 Tadeusz Wiśniewski MAGDALENIAN SETTLEMENT IN KLEMENTOWICE 15 Plates 115 Mateusz Zawadzki, Adam Sabat, Tadeusz Wiśniewski DIGITIZATION OF THE DATA FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH CONDUCTED AT THE MAGDALENIAN SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE IN , Katarzyna Pyżewicz THE USE-WEAR ANALYSIS OF THE ARTEFACTS FOUND AT THE MAGDALENIAN SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 184 Jerzy Libera RESOURCES FOR STUDIES ON PALAEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT IN THE LUBLIN UPLAND AREA POST-LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM 215 Natural Environment 233 Przemysław Mroczek, Jan Rodzik THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT SURROUNDING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE CURRENT SITUATION AND RETROSPECTIVE 235 Stanisław Fedorowicz ABSOLUTE DATING AT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 260 Jan Rodzik, Przemysław Mroczek SOIL PROBING IN THE AREA OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE AS THE BASIS FOR PRIMARY TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION 265 Przemysław Mroczek MICROMORPHOLOGY OF SOIL HORIZONS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 275 Przemysław Mroczek PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF LOESS SEDIMENT IN THE VICINITY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 282 Piotr Zagórski THE USE OF GPS AND GIS IN RESEARCHING THE MAGDALENIAN SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 285 Contents 5

7 Animal Remains 289 Jarosław Wilczyński ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL AND TAPHONOMIC STUDY OF THE FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 291 Alexander J.E. Pryor, Rhiannon E. Stevens, Alistair W.G. Pike SEASONAL MOBILITY OF THE ADULT HORSE KILLED BY HUNTERS AT KLEMENTOWICE 298 Miriam Nývltová Fišáková THE SEASONALITY OF THE OPEN-AIR MAGDALENIAN SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 305 Magdalena Gryzińska MITOCHONDRIAL DNA (MTDNA) ISOLATED FROM THE HORSE TOOTH FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 308 Petrography and Mineralogy 311 Lucjan Gazda THE PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF STONE ARTEFACTS FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 312 Lucjan Gazda, Miłosz Huber A PRELIMINARY PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED CHIPPED STONE ARTEFACTS COLLECTED AT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN KLEMENTOWICE 315 Joanna Trąbska, Adam Gaweł, Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska, Barbara Trybalska ARTEFACTS AND MICRO-ARTEFACTS. RED FERRUGINOUS MATERIALS FROM KLEMENTOWICE SITE AND ACCOMPANYING MICRO-ARTEFACTS 320 Joanna Trąbska, Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska, Barbara Trybalska BLACK CRUST ON THE SURFACE OF A FLINT ARTEFACT FROM KLEMENTOWICE 336 Joanna Trąbska, Aleksandra Wesełucha-Birczyńska, Barbara Trybalska BLACK CRUSTS ON THE SURFACE OF STONE ARTEFACTS 343 Summary Tadeusz Wiśniewski 349 Annex 353 Tadeusz Wiśniewski, Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska Neolithic, Bronze and Modern Age settlement traces from , archaeological research at site 20 in Klementowice 355 COLOUR FIGURES Contents

8 Tadeusz Wiśniewski, Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska Neolithic, Bronze and Modern Age settlement traces from , archaeological research at site 20 in Klementowice In the course of archaeological research at site 20 in Klementowcie, apart from the finds associated with the Magdalenian culture, traces of settlements from the Neolithic (Funnel Beaker Culture FBC, Globular Amphora Culture GAC), Bronze (Trzciniec Culture TC), and Modern (the first half of the 20th century) period have been also discovered. In the entire history of the research at this site, a total of 162 fragments of ceramics have been discovered, as well as a fragment of banded flint (Krzemionki type) axe and another of stone battle axe, a fire flint and a shell dating back to WWI or WWII (tab. 1; fig. 1 2). The artefacts associated with the aforementioned cultures and the modern period have also been recorded within the perimeter of the Magdalenian site and in its nearest surroundings. The majority have been found at a stretch of about 100 m east in a straight line from the site. In 2009 (during the summer season), six archaeological trenches were delineated there. The highest number of the finds was recorded in trench no. 21/2009, where artefacts were discovered within two palaeosolic soils (Mroczek, Rodzik, in this volume). They occurred simultaneously within two clearly separated culture levels, of which the bottom one is associated with GAC settlement, and the top one with TC settlement. A similar situation arose in the adjacent trench no. 32/2009, where, however, only one artefacts-bearing palaeosolic soil was documented. In the bottom culture level, 3 fragments of ceramics and one fragment of a four-sided axe made of banded flint were discovered (fig. 1:a-b). Thermoluminescence dating (TL) was conducted on one fragment of ceramics, and the obtained age was 5.0±0.5 ka (UG-6813) (Fedorowicz, in this volume) (fig. 1:c). This dating can be placed within the period of FBC activity. In the top culture level, 19 fragments of ceramics were discovered 11 in trench no. 21/2009 and 8 in trench no. 23/2009. Similarly as in the previous case, one fragment of ceramics was subjected to thermoluminescence dating, resulting in an age determination of 3.5±0.3 ka (UG-6812) (Fedorowicz, in this volume) (fig. 1:d). It corroborates archaeological dating that has linked it with the Trzciniec culture. Few and scattered materials associated with settlement later than the Magdalenian were also discovered within the arable-humus horizon and on the surface of the ground. Based on the analysis of their technological features, a total of 106 fragments of pottery were attributed to particular cultures and archaeological periods, including: 3 FBC, 18 GAC, 44 TC, 41 Modern Age. The remaining 56 fragments, due to the high level of erosion and their minor sizes, were labelled as prehistoric-undetermined. The banded flint axe should most likely be linked to FBC settlement. This is supported by the stratigraphic position of the find and the dating obtained from the fragment of ceramics discovered in the same culture level. The stone battle axe could not be attributed to a particular cultural unit due to its fragmented state of preservation. The dating of 41 fragment of modern ceramics and a single fire flint could be narrowed down to the first half of the 20th century. Tab. 1. Summary of the finds younger than Magdalenian, discovered during archaeological research in , FBC Funnel Beaker Culture, GAC Globular Amphora Culture, TC Trzciniec Culture. Type of artefact FBC GAC TC Prehistoric undetermined Modern Age Total fragments of ceramics flint tools 1? 1 2 stone tools 1? 1 2 metal artefacts 1 1 Neolithic, Bronze and Modern Age settlement traces from ,

9 Fig. 1. Klementowice, site 20. Neolithic and Bronze artefacts: a fragment of a banded flint axe; b reconstruction of an axe (without scale); c fragment of Funnel Beaker Culture pottery; d fragment of Trzciniec Culture pottery. Drawn by B. Niezabitowska- Wiśniewska. Photo by T. Wiśniewski. During the summer 2009 excavations in trench no. 24/2009 one archaeological object was discovered. It was interpreted as a shooting trench dated to WWI or WWII. This is supported by the character of the fill within this object, as well as a shell found within it, most likely for a Mauser military rifle (fig. 2:b-c) (Matuszewski, Wojciechowski 1983)1. Aerial photographs2 (fig. 2:a) have proven extremely helpful in interpreting the object in question. In them, a distinct, unnatural and obscure trace can be discerned, about 100 m in length and 2 m in width, oriented along the SE-NW axis, which most definitely must be acknowledged as part of the WWI or WWII defence system. 1 The authors would like to thank Marek Florek, PhD, from the Institute of Archaeology at MCSU in Lublin for consultations and help. 2 Aerial photographs were purchased from the Central Centre for Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation in Warsaw for the purposes of the Klementowice project. The contemporary residential buildings visible in the photographs were only erected after WWII (fig. 2:d). The traces of settlement from the Neolithic and Bronze Age, discovered at site 20 in Klementowice, may, in comparison with the materials dated as such and originating from the neighbouring sites in this locality, be deemed as insignificant (cf. Kowalczyk 1957, 1968; Lasota 1972, 1975; Nogaj-Chachaj 1991, 1996; Nosek 1948, 1950a, 1950b, 1951; Uzarowiczowa 1966, 1968a, 1968b, 1968c, 1968d, 1968e; 1970a, 1970b, 1972, 1973, 1975; Wiśniewski 2012). However, cultural attribution of these materials perfectly reflects the cultural situation characteristic for the area of Klementowice and the entire Nałęczów Plateau, where Neolithic settlements chiefly FBC and GAC, and slightly less numerous cultures of the Bronze Age predominate, with nearly complete absence of Early Iron Age, Pre-Romanian Period and Roman Period settlements. 356 Tadeusz Wiśniewski, Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska

10 Fig. 2. The finds from the first half of the 20th century from the vicinity of site 20 in Klementowice: a fire trench from the World War I or World War II period; b a fragment of a shell, most likely for a Mauser rifle type; c vertical section of the fire trench captured in the trench no. 24/2009; d fragment of a 1937 map with location of the site marked and visible lack of contemporary buildings. a aerial photograph: Archives of the Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation Centre (CODKiG) in Warszawa; b-c Photo by T. Wiśniewski; d map: Puławy, Pas 43, Słup 34, scale 1: , by Publisher Military Geographical Institute (WIG). Warszawa, References Kowalczyk J Osada i cmentarzysko kultury pucharów lejkowatych w miejscowości Klementowice, powiat Puławy, Materiały Starożytne II, Dwa zespoły neolityczne datowane radiowęglem, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXIII, Lasota A Neolityczny pochówek zwierzęcy na stanowisku XV w Klementowicach, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXVII, Grób zwierzęcy kultury amfor kulistych w Klementowicach, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XL, Matuszewski R., Wojciechowski I.J Karabin Mauser wz. 1898, Typy Broni i Uzbrojenia 91, Warszawa. Nogaj-Chachaj J Nowe neolityczne zabytki z Klementowic, woj. lubelskie, Sprawozdania z badań terenowych Katedry Archeologii UMCS w 1991 roku, Lublin, Neolithic, Bronze and Modern Age settlement traces from ,

11 1996 Grób kultury amfor kulistych na stanowisku 47 w Klementowicach, gm. Kurów, woj. lubelskie, Archeologia Polski Środkowowschodniej I, Nosek S Materiały neolityczne z Lubelszczyzny, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F, II, 2: 1947, a Kultura amfor kulistych na Lubelszczyźnie, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F, V, 3: 1954/55, b Grób nr I na cmentarzysku B kultury amfor kulistych w Klementowicach w pow. puławskim, Sprawozdania z czynności i posiedzeń Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności LI/6, Materiały do badań nad historią starożytną i wczesnośredniowieczną międzyrzecza Wisły i Bugu, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F, VI, Lublin. Uzarowiczowa A Cmentarzysko kultury pucharów lejkowatych w Klementowicach, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXII, a Badania stanowisk neolitycznych w Klementowicach, pow. Puławy w 1965 r., Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXIII, b Nowy typ grobu kultury pucharów lejkowatych z Klementowic, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXIII, c Grób kultury amfor kulistych na stanowisku I w Klementowicach, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXIII, d Neolityczna siekierka z miejscowości Klementowice, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXIII, e Cmentarzysko kultury pucharów lejkowatych w Klementowicach, pow. Puławy na stanowisku XIII, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXIII, a Nowe znaleziska archeologiczne z powiatu Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXV, b Cmentarzysko kultury pucharów lejkowatych na stanowisku XIV w Klementowicah, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXV, Obiekty kultury pucharów lejkowatych i kultury amfor kulistych na stanowisku XV w Klementowicach, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXVII, Siekierka neolityczna z Klementowic, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XXXVIII, Wielokulturowe neolityczne stanowisko VII w Klementowicach, pow. Puławy, Wiadomości Archeologiczne XL, Wiśniewski T Pradzieje gminy Kurów, Kurów. Tadeusz Wiśniewski Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Archaeology; Pl. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 4, Lublin, Poland tadeusz.wisniewski@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Archaeology; Pl. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 4, Lublin, Poland barbara.niezabitowska-wisniewska@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl 358 Tadeusz Wiśniewski, Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska

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