Farby i Lakiery. Paints and Varnishes. Czasopismo Naukowo-Techniczne. Nr4/2015 Lipiec Sierpieñ

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1 ADRES REDAKCJI: Instytut In ynierii Materia³ów Polimerowych i Barwników, Oddzia³ Farb i Tworzyw; ul. Chorzowska 50 A, Gliwice (32) , fax (32) , FiL@impib.pl REDAKTOR NACZELNA: Dr in. Anna Œlusarczyk (32) wew. 47 SEKRETARZ REDAKCJI: Ilona mijowska (32) wew. 41 ZESPÓ REDAKCYJNY: Kinga Czernecka, Izabela Gajlewicz, Edyta Gibas, Gra yna Kamiñska-Bach, Katarzyna Krawiec, Ewa Langer, Katarzyna Mrowiec, Marzena Nowicka-Nowak, Anna Paj¹k, Teresa Stareczek, Genowefa Toczko, Ma³gorzata Zubielewicz RADA PROGRAMOWA: Przewodnicz¹cy: Prof. dr Ryszard Koz³owski Instytut In ynierii Materia³ów Polimerowych i Barwników, Toruñ Cz³onkowie: Prof. Gianni Camino, Politecnico di Torino, W³ochy Prof. dr hab. in. Krystyna Czaja Uniwersytet Opolski Prof. Oleg Figovsky, R&D International Nanotechnology Research Center Polymate, Izrael Mgr in. Stanis³aw Gorzkowski Instytut Mechaniki Precyzyjnej, Warszawa Dr in. Katarzyna Jaszcz Politechnika Œl¹ska, Gliwice Dr in. Janusz Kozakiewicz, profesor IChP Instytut Chemii Przemys³owej, Warszawa Dr in. Stefan Kubica Instytut In ynierii Materia³ów Polimerowych i Barwników, Toruñ Mgr in. Helena Kuczyñska Instytut In ynierii Materia³ów Polimerowych i Barwników, Oddzia³ Farb i Tworzyw, Gliwice Kevin Lloyd Dmg World Media Inc., Wielka Brytania Cezary Malski Fabryka Farb i Lakierów MALCHEM, Su³kowice Prof. dr hab. in. Jan ukaszczyk Politechnika Œl¹ska, Gliwice Claudio Pagella, Consortio PROCOAT, W³ochy Mgr in. Kajetan Pyrzyñski PIW Delta, Œrem Susan Tyler Dmg World Media Inc., Wielka Brytania Dr in. Maciej Umiñski Omya Sp. z o.o., Warszawa Prof. Gennady Zaikov N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moskwa Dr hab. Maria Zielecka profesor IChP Instytut Chemii Przemys³owej, Warszawa Dr in. Ma³gorzata Zubielewicz Instytut In ynierii Materia³ów Polimerowych i Barwników, Oddzia³ Farb i Tworzyw Gliwice WYDAWCA: Instytut In ynierii Materia³ów Polimerowych i Barwników ul. M. Sk³odowskiej-Curie 55, Toruñ Internet: Cena za numer: 45z³+5%VAT Prace publikowane w czasopiœmie s¹ recenzowane przez specjalistów. PL ISSN Farby i Lakiery Paints and Varnishes Czasopismo Naukowo-Techniczne Nr4/2015 Lipiec Sierpieñ

2 Spis treœci Spis treœci Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne PERSPECTIVES OF UV-PROTECTION CONCEPTS IN COATINGS WITH NANOSCALE COMPONENTS (Heinz GREISIGER, Dennis KOCH, Marc ENTENMANN) 3 WATER-BASED COATINGS POWERED BY NANO-VpCI (Boris MIKSIC, Co-Autohors: Dr. Margarita KHARSHAN, Ron CAMP) 7 DIFFERENT CROSS-LINKING STRATEGIES: SELF-CROSSLINKING ACRYLIC FOR 1K AND 2K WATERBORNE WOODCOATINGS (Dr. Eva TEJADA, Dr. Maria ALMATO, Dr. Hans GRABLOWITZ) 12 Rynek wyrobów lakierowych Studium prognozuje wzrost wartoœci rynku ditlenku tytanu do 15,31 mld euro w 2020 roku 20 Nowi partnerzy do³¹czaj¹ do konsorcjum realizuj¹cego projekt nt. przetwarzania odpadów w surowce dla przemys³u chemicznego 20 Huber przejmuje technologiê bezhalogenowych opóÿniaczy palenia od firmy Floridien 21 Kuncai zapocz¹tkowuje dzia³alnoœæ swojego biura sprzeda y w Europie 21 Zakoñczy³a siê budowa fabryki farb w Petersburgu 21 Lubrizol rozbudowuje europejskie Centrum Doskona³oœci Recepturowania i Stosowania Wyrobów Lakierowych 21 Czyste chemikalia dla przemys³u uzyskane przez zgazowanie biomasy ligninocelulozowej 22 IMI Fabi wyznaczy³ firmê Omya jako nowego dystrybutora swoich produktów 22 AkzoNobel rozbudowuje dzia³ badawczy wysokojakoœciowych farb w Huston 22 Nowe wyroby i technologie Nowy algorytm umo liwia prowadzenie reakcji egzotermicznych bez nadzoru 24 Pow³oki ochronne na bazie ywic typu high-solid 24 Pow³oki stosowane na beton o w³aœciwoœciach ogniochronnych 24 Statyw umo liwiaj¹cy ³atwe i szybkie pozycjonowanie wiskozymetrów 24 Monitorowanie stanu skrzyni biegów skraca czas przestoju 25 Mikrozawór natryskowy zapewniaj¹cy dozowanie wolne od zanieczyszczeñ 25 Analiza wielkoœci cz¹stek ju na kilkumililitrowych próbkach 25 Mieszalniki laboratoryjne zgodne z dyrektyw¹ ATEX 25 Niebieska ultramaryna o czerwonym odcieniu ulepsza inne barwy 26 Szybszy i mocniejszy mieszalnik o wysokiej prêdkoœci œcinania 26 Stabilny termicznie pomarañczowy pigment do zastosowañ wymagaj¹cych niskich odkszta³ceñ 26 Spiralne kolce na powierzchni krzemionki mog¹ ulepszyæ produkcjê pow³ok przemys³owych i œrodków pomocniczych 26 Pow³oka kompozytowa wykorzystana do symulacji odbicia œwiat³a od powierzchni aluminium 27 Nowa pow³oka przeznaczona na elastyczne, wielowarstwowe opakowania dla ywnoœci 27 Opracowuj¹c przeciwporostow¹ nanofarbê na bazie tlenku cynku dla okrêtownictwa 28 Wodorozcieñczalna ywica epoksydowa na bazie kwasów t³uszczowych do farb i lakierów 28 Tusze drukarskie do druku atramentowego otrzymane z jedwabiu mog¹ pos³u yæ do nowej klasy inteligentnych banda y 28 Pow³oki diamentopodobne pozwalaj¹ na oszczêdnoœci paliwa 29 Pigmenty dla przemys³u samochodowego stwarzaj¹ nowe mo liwoœci w designie 29 Opisy bibliograficzne 31 Imprezy krajowe i zagraniczne 40 Normalizacja Nowe POLSKIE NORMY dotycz¹ce farb i lakierów 49 2 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

3 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Heinz GREISIGER, Dennis KOCH, Marc ENTENMANN Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA (Germany) PERSPECTIVES OF UV-PROTECTION CONCEPTS IN COATINGS WITH NANOSCALE COMPONENTS Abstract. Concepts, which are able to slow down photochemical degradation processes, become more and more important for today s protective coatings. For multilayer coatings on metal constructions, especially for automotive coating systems, it is mostly the primer or the e-coat layer, which shows the most serious photochemical degradation effects with consequences like adhesion problems, peeling and finally corrosion processes of the metal substrate. In the presented study, a combination of inorganic and organic nanoscale components was used in the top coat or clear coat formulations in order to enhance the sustainability of the UV-protection in multilayer coating systems. Introduction It is generally accepted, that photochemical degradation processes in coating layers are initiated by the absorption of UV light [1-4]. In multilayer protective coatings, for automotive and general protective coatings on metal, it is mostly the primer or the e-coat layer, directly applied on the metallic substrate, which shows the most serious photochemical degradation effects, when the multilayer coating system is exposed to atmospheric weathering. Therefore, a strong need for UV-protective coatings with a high sustainability exists. In the presented study, a combination of inorganic and organic nanoscale components was used in clear coat formulations in order to enhance the sustainability of the UV-protection in multilayer coating systems. Experimental aspects For the degradation experiments, OEM-formulations of e-coat, base coat and a clear coat starter formulation were applied onto metal substrates. For the clear coat and base coat pneumatic application (air-only), was performed. 1.0 wt % Tinuvin 292 and 1.5 wt % Tinuvin was used as organic UV-protection in the clear coat starter formulations. In table 1, the composition of the clear coat starter formulation is shown. Table 1. Composition of the clear coat starter formulation Component Wt % Desmophen A665 BA/X (Bayer MS) Baysilone OL 17, 10 wt % solution 0.50 Modaflow, 1 wt % solution 0.50 Tinuvin 292, 10 wt % solution 4.97 Tinuvin 384-2, 10 wt % solution 7.46 methoxypropyl acetate (MPA) / solventnaphtha (1:1) Desmodur N 3390 BA (Bayer MS) After spray application, the formulation was evaporated for 10 min at room temperature, followed by 25 min heating at 140 C. To evaluate the transmittance and absorbance properties, free coating films were characterized using the UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer Lambda 900 from Perkin Elmer. The degradation experiments were performed by artificial weathering of the coated samples using a Weather-Ometer equipment (Ci 4000, Atlas Material Testing GmbH). For the characterization of the obtained degradation effects, a confocal Raman microscope and a FT-IR microscope were used. The photooxidative degradation of e-coats in different automotive Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015 3

4 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne multilayer coating systems was investigated by evaluation of the photooxidation index (POI) [5-7]. For the POI measurements special flat cross sections of coatings were prepared and the IR-measurements were performed on the original and on the corresponding weathered systems. Results and Discussion To determine the maximum possible amounts, which can be used for the inorganic components in clear coats, the effects on the colour is determined (figure 1 and 2). In figure 1 and 2, the influence of the addition of nanoscale and platelet components on the colour value E (measured over black) is shown. From the results in figure 1 and 2, it could be concluded, that the influence on transparency and colour mainly determines the maximum concentration of the nanoscale components in the clear coat, whereas mica or glass-flakes (GF) as platelet components, do not influence the colour to a great Fig. 1: Influence of the addition of nanoscale components on the colour value E Fig. 2: Influence of the addition of platelet components on the colour value E 4 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

5 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne transmission / % transmission / % wavelength / nm wavelength / nm clearcoat without org. UV-protection clearcoat with org. UV-protection clearcoat without org. UV-protection + 5 wt% mica clearcoat without org. UV-protection clearcoat with org. UV-protection clearcout without org. UV-protection + 5 wt% glass-flake Fig. 3: Influence of the addition of platelet components on the UV-Vis-NIR-transmission properties of the clear coat extent. For the thin platelet components, mainly the increasing surface roughness, causing scattering effects, limits the maximum concentration in the clear coat. To determine the influence of the platelet components on the UV-protection properties, the transmission of the clear coat in the UV-Vis-NIR-range, with and without addition of mica and glass-flakes is compared (figure 3). From the obtained results it can be concluded, that mica-flakes only slightly influence the transparency of the clear coat in the UV-/Vis, whereas glass-flakes do not. Knowing the influence of the different components in the clear coat on the UV-transmission properties, one of the most interesting questions will be to clarify the influence of this UV-transmission on the development of photooxidation effects in multilayer coating systems when the coating is charged with artificial weathering. For this study, photooxidation indexes of clear coat and e-coat layers, according to fig. 4, were determined. In figure 5 the obtained POI developments for the different UV-stabilized clear coats, in dependency of the duration of Weather-Ometer (WOM) testing, is shown. As a surprising result, clear coats containing mica- or glass-flakes show a relatively slow development of POI, although they provide themselves no UV-absorption effects. Because of this result, the influence of barrier effects on the durability of clear coats has to be considered. To characterize the barrier effect of the inorganic components in the different clear coats, RAMAN measurements were performed in defined time intervals at certain clear coat positions. From Fig. 4: Evaluation of the photooxidation index (POI) of coating layers Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015 5

6 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Fig. 5: POI developments for the different UV-stabilized clear coats, in dependency of the duration of Weather-Ometer (WOM) testing this measurements it can be clearly concluded, that inorganic components, especially barrier flakes, reduce the depletion of organic UV-protecting components when the coating is charged with artificial weathering. Nevertheless, for the depletion effect a differentiation between diffusion and decomposition of the organic UV-protection components was not possible. The same protective effects of the combination of inorganic and organic protective components were obtained for the POI-development of e-coats, over-coated with different base and clear coats, when they were charged with artificial weathering. Conclusion As a conclusion of the obtained results it can be summarized, that a combination of organic and inorganic UV-protection components with barrier flakes, can improve the weathering-stability of the clear coat (or top coat) and the e-coat (or epoxy-primer), even if the later one is over-coated with a black, silver, or white base coat. Acknowledgements This project was conducted at Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA) and ITV Denkendorf, coordinated by the Research Association for Pigments and Coatings (FPL) and financially funded via AiF by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy within the governmental R&D-support-measure Industrial cooperative Research. Our sincere thanks for supporting the protective coatings research in the project are given to our industrial partners Daimler AG and MIPA AG. References [1] K. Adamson, Progr. Polym. Sci. 25 (9) (2000) [2] M. Hoeflaak, B. de Ruiter, J. H. Maas, Europ. Coat. J. (3) (2006) [3] G. Wypych, Handbook of Material Weathering, 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Toronto, 2003 [4] H. De Deurwaerder, M. De Wilde, R. Sprumont, M. Piens, 15th Intern. Corrosion Congress, Granada, 2002, paper 27 [5] K. Möller et. al., 2nd European Weathering Symposium (2005) [6] M. Brueggemann, 10th Automotive Circle, Bad-Nauheim (2006) [7] B. V. Gregorovich, K. Adamsons, L. Lin, Progr. Org. Coat. 43 (1 3) (2001) Referat zosta³ zaprezentowany podczas konferencji ACT 14 6 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

7 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Boris MIKSIC, Co-Autohors: Dr. Margarita KHARSHAN, Ron CAMP Cortec Corporation 4119 White Bear Parkway, St. Paul, MN U.S.A. WATER-BASED COATINGS POWERED BY NANO-VpCI Abstract: Today s water-borne coatings are steadily approaching to fulfill several requirements that are usually met by solvent-borne systems (good adhesion, corrosion resistance, and improved weathering). Aqueous technologies are generally preferred over their solvent-based counterparts due to ease of application, lower VOC s, and cost. However, waterborne coatings still struggle to provide long term protection for metals in extremely corrosive environments. Through research it has been found that combining Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors (NANO-VpCI) with a Non-zinc environmentally friendly metal complex inhibitor will significantly improve the long-term corrosion protection of acrylic paints on steel substrates; the combination of these inhibitors provides a synergetic multi-layer defense of corrosion resistance thru passivation and film formation. This paper investigates the use of Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitor (NANO-VpCI) technology with a Non-zinc environmentally friendly metal complex inhibitor to greatly improve the long-term corrosion protection of an acrylic coating applied direct-to-metal (DTM). Introduction Figure 1 New international environmental regulations have led to a global trend in developing coatings that are environmentally friendly. Some of these eco-friendly coatings contain only nontoxic, non-reportable, raw materials that are safe to humans and/or the environment. In this study, it has been found that the use of a non-toxic inorganic corrosion pigment combined with NANO-VpCI technology in a water-borne acrylic protective DTM coating produced a synergistic anti-corrosion effect compared to using these inhibitors separately. Corrosion inhibitors work by two primary methods. They can either absorb or coat a metal surface protecting it from corrosive environments, or they may react chemically with a metallic element to form a non-reactive, hydrophobic (passive) layer that prevents the mechanism of corrosion to the metal substrate. To be effective, an inhibitor should interact with the anodic or cathodic sites (retarding the oxidation and reduction corrosion reactions) along with transferring water from the metal surface and preventing it and other corrosive electrolytes from coming in contact with the bare metal. Oxidation reaction of Iron For steel to corrode, oxygen and water must be in direct molecular contact with the surface of the substrate (see figure 1). Equations 1 Anodic: Fe(s) Fe 2+ (aq) + 2 e Cathodic: O 2 +2H 2 O+4e 4OH H + +e 1/2 H 2 (g) M 2+ +2e M(s) For this experiment, a non-toxic metal inhibiting pigment was used to provide passivation and ion scavenging protection. The inhibitor works through hydrolysis by dissociating and reacting with Fe 2+ and OH ions to form Fe(PO 4 ) and X(OH)x; both molecules then precipitate to build passive micro-phobic layer on the metal surface. The inhibiting pigment also acts as a ion scavenger, neutralizing corrosive Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015 7

8 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Figure 2 species such as Cl - and SO 4 2- limiting their aggressive behavior toward metal corrosion (see figure 2). However, although a good level of corrosion protection can be obtained with this one inhibitor, it is not perfect and due to its large particle size, gaps and voids exist between the pigment particles which are entry points for micro-corrosion that can expand and lead to coating failure (see figure 3). the gaps and micro-cavities; providing a molecular layer of corrosion protection (see figures 4&5). The mechanism of the NANO-VpCI s involves two parts; the first is the transport of the inhibitor to the metal surface and the second is how the inhibitor interacts on the metal substrate to form Figure 3 To improve the corrosion performance of the coating, NANO-VpCI (Vapor phase Corrosion Inhibitors) were added to the matrix. The blend of vapor phase corrosion inhibitors possesses the ability to penetrate and adhere to the metal surface under Figure 4&5 8 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

9 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne a film. When added to a liquid coating, the inhibitors in this study react with water and dissociate. After application, as the liquid coating cures, the charged inhibitors migrate and absorb onto the bare metal surface; adsorption occurs as a result of electrostatic forces between the electric charge on the metal and the ionic charges on the inhibitor molecules. Once attached to the metal, the tails of the inhibiting molecules produce a highly hydrophobic film that repels water and other corrosive species which in turn reduces corrosion; the senon- -reactive films can be absorbed onto passivating layers as well (see figure 6). rod to produce ~2.0 mils of dry film thickness. The carbon steel specimens were prepared in accordance with ASTM B117 salt spray testing method. After reaching full cure (7 ambient temperature), the panels were scribed as explained in method ASTM D1654. All backs and edges of the panels were taped to prevent corrosion creep. They were then placed into a 5% NaCl salt fog chamber for environmental testing for up 520hrs. After 520hrs, each sample was rinsed, scrapped, and rated for creep (ASTM D1654), blistering (ASTM D714), and degree of rusting (ASTM D610). Photos were taken after testing. Results Figure 6 At higher concentrations, NANO-VpCI s can also have a self-healing effect. If a fracture was to occur in a cured coating, the attractive forces of the inhibitor toward the exposed metal would cause them to migrate through the coating to the bare metal surface where they would then form a protective film. This technology is being used mostly in temporary coatings due to their softer films and low abrasion resistance. The combination of the NANO-VpCI with a non-toxic metal complex inhibitor produced a great improvement in corrosion resistance from the synergy between the two thru passivation, ion scavenging, and protective film formation. The main goal of the experiment was to improve the corrosion resistance of a coating thru the synergy between the combination of NANO-VpCI with an eco-friendly inhibiting pigment. Normally this type of long-term corrosion prevention is done by using inhibitors that are toxic and dangerous such as lead, zinc, and chromates. However, good long term performance was achieved from the synergy of the two inhibitors mentioned in this study. The result in Figure 7 presents the poor performance of an acrylic water-based paint with no inhibitors other than for flash rust. The paint failed 192 hrs in the salt chamber (Failure 3mm creep from scribe). The salt vapors were able to quickly penetrate the film s barrier which leads to blistering and loss of adhesion causing the underlying substrate to corrode (see figure 8). Experimental Procedure This study examines 3 self-crosslinking acrylic latex coating samples with and without the corrosion inhibitors. All samples were made using a high speed mixer with a cowles blade. Each coating sample was then applied to three separate CRS SAE 1010 (4 X12 [102mm X 305mm]) panels using a wire wound drawdown Figure 7: Control Sample 540hrs of continuous salt spray Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015 9

10 n Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne n Figure 10: Close-up of Figure 9 Figure 8: Close-up of Figure 7 Figure 9: Sample containing Eco-Friendly pigment inhibitor Results in Figure 9 shows the coating made using only the non-toxic metal complex inhibitor. As can be seen, the overall corrosion resistance was greatly improved. The film displays a much lower level of red rust on its surface with just a slight level of blistering near the scribes; the effectiveness of the pigment in improving passivation and ion-scavenging is clearly demonstrated. However, even though the addition of the inhibitor improved the overall corrosion resistance, the coating failed 520 hrs. in the salt spray chamber (see figure 10). Figure 11 shows the results for the sample containing both the NANO-VpCI and Eco-Friendly pigment inhibitor that passed 520 hrs. The addition of the VpCI clearly complimented the corrosion resistance of the coating by reducing the level of blister- 10 Figure 11: Sample containing NANO-VpCI & Eco-Friendly pigment inhibitor Figure 12: Close-up of Figure 11 ing and substrate corrosion that was seen with just the metal complex inhibitor alone. This again was Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

11 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne done by the ability of the VpCI to migrate underneath the micro-gaps and voids that exist between the pigment particles and attach itself to the metal substrate to form a protective passivating film; there is an obvious synergy between the two inhibitors (see figure 12). Closing Today s water-borne coatings are steadily fulfilling several requirements that are usually met by solvent-borne systems making aqueous technologies preferred over their solvent-based counterparts for environmental regulation and safety reasons. Through research it has been found that combining Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors (NANO- -VpCI) with a non-toxic metal complex inhibitor will significantly improve the long-term corrosion protection of acrylic paints that are applied directly to metal; the combination of these inhibitors provides a synergetic multi-layer defense of corrosion resistance thru passivation, ion-scavenging, and film formation. References 1. Wrangl n, G., (185), An Introduction to Corrosion and Protection of Metals, Champman & Hall, N.Y., pp Dean (Jr), S.W., (1981), Inhibitor Type, Material Performance, 20 (11), Lenard, D.R. and Moors, J.G., (1993), the Effects of Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors on the Galvanic Corrosion of Aluminium, Corrosion Science, 34 (5), Trabanelli, G. and Carassiti, V, (1970), Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology, Eds. M.G. Fontana and R.W. Stachle, Vol. I, Plenum, N.Y., Miksic, B.A., (1983), Use of Vapor Phase Inhibitors for Corrosion Protection of Metal Products, Corrosion, 83, Paper No. 308, NACE, Houston 6. Nate Kofira, Technical Development Manager; Halox Company, Hammond, Indiana 7. Miksic, B.A, Tarvin, M., and Sparrow, G.R. (1989), Surface analytical Techniques in Evaluation of the Effects of Vapor Phase Organic Corrosion Inhibitors on Surface Chemistry of Metals, Corrosion, 89, Paper No. 607, NACE, Houston 8. Metal Handbook, (1987), ASM International, Vol. 13, Corrosion, pp Referat zosta³ zaprezentowany podczas konferencji ACT 14 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/

12 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Dr. Eva TEJADA, Dr. Maria ALMATO, Dr. Hans GRABLOWITZ; Covestro DIFFERENT CROSS-LINKING STRATEGIES: SELF-CROSSLINKING ACRYLIC FOR 1K AND 2K WATERBORNE WOODCOATINGS Abstract. Waterborne systems are being established as an alternative to traditional systems in the market, having 2K waterborne systems clearly demonstrated that the high level of the traditional solvent borne standards is nowadays achievable. Covestro offers a new OH functional self-crosslinking acrylic dispersion that allows both the formulation of 1K as well as 2K systems, providing maximal flexibility to the coating formulator and industrial user. Being a primary dispersion, it exhibits fast drying and thus fast sand ability and blocking. The self-crosslinking mechanism present in its structure provides enough resistance to the polymer to reach a satisfactory level of performance in 1K formulation. The addition of an anionic hydrophilized polyisocyanate, can upgrade the level profile of the coating to the higher performance of 2K polyurethane systems, particularly in terms of chemical resistance. Long pot life and hand mixability simplifies use in 2K systems. The new product is particularly suitable for waterborne wood coatings when performance and versatility matter. Introduction WB systems for the wood coating sector are becoming more and more popular during the last years, due to the increase of society environmental and health concern as well as strong legislation limitations in terms of VOC emissions in certain regions. Efforts have been made in order to develop products at the level of the standard traditional systems with minimal environmental impact. Polyurethane and polyacrylate dispersions are being extensively used in enviromentally friendly wood coatings. In this work a comparison between different kind of polyacrylate systems has been carried out. Regarding the polymerization method, dispersions can be classified into primary or secondary dispersions (see figure 1). In primary dispersions the polymerization of the acrylic monomers is produced in the water phase (emulsion polymerisation process) and surfactant is used to compatibilize the Fig. 1. Different polymerization process monomers and polymer into the water phase. This results in a polymer with a high molecular weight distribution and therefore with a strong physical drying. On the contrary, secondary dispersion are polymerized in solvent phase and the dispersion in water is done after the neutralization step. In that case the result is a polymer with lower molecular weight which will lead to coatings with longer drying but better transparency and gloss. The introduction of crosslinking agents into the polymer chain results in an extended polymeric network that increases tensile strength of the polymer and upgrades the end properties of the coating film. Crosslinking can be introduced by means of self-crosslinking monomers inside the polymer chain or by introduction of an external crosslinker. Self-crosslinking resins In self-crosslinking systems all the reactive components are present in the dispersion, providing long-term storage stability and therefore allowing the formulation of coatings as one component (1K). The crosslinking reaction only takes place after water evaporation, amine evaporation (change in ph) or by curing at higher temperature at which the reaction takes place. Examples of self-crosslinking systems would be: Self-condensation of methylolacrylamide, which reacts under acid conditions having the disadvantage of formaldehyde release: 12 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

13 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Metal complex (chelates, salts), where different possible transition metals react with the carboxylic groups of the polymer chain. Self-condensation of organofunctional silanes. The polymerizable organofunctional groups of a silane (e.g. methacryloxy or vinylsilane) are incorporated into the chain during production of the polymer and condensate during the water evaporation of the film: Auto-oxidation of fatty acid. Unsaturated fatty acid or alkyd prepolymers can be incorporated into the polymer chain. For this auto-oxidation reaction a drier is necessary to catalyze the crosslinking reaction and thus accelerate the curing process: Ketone acid/dihydrazide, where the dihydrazide molecule, which is dissolved in water, reacts with the carboxylic groups present in the polymer chain during the film formation: Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/

14 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne 2K crosslinked systems In order to improve end coating properties, 2K WB technology can also be used. This technology has the disadvantage of the existence of a pot-life, as the polymer and the hardener react in pot and have therefore limited life-time for application. Therefore polymer and hardener have to be mixed just previous the application. Examples of crosslinkers used in 2K are: Melamine, where the carboxy groups present in the polymer chain reacts with a melamine during film formation with the consequently release of formaldehyde, which is the main disadvantage of that technology: Carbodiimide, which also reacts with the acid groups of the polymer chain. Polyisocyanate, that reacts with hydroxi groups of the polymer. In this technology the reaction of the OH group from the polyol resin with the polyisocyanate results in a polyurethane polymer. Covestro is a market leader in the chemistry of polyisocyanate. The addition of a water miscible polyisocyanate to a polyol dispersion to obtain a polyurethane coating is the most similar technology to the traditional SB polyurethane systems, being 2K WB polyurethane systems stablished in the market as the closest alternative to solvent borne traditional system. Results Aziridine, that reacts also with the carboxylic groups to form an aminoester, the most common polyaziridine being used in the market is the result of the reaction of ethylenimine with TMPTA (trimethylolpropanetriacrylate) In this article a comparison of different acrylic dispersions for waterborne wood coatings with different crosslinking mechanisms has been done. Also some polyurethane dispersions have been introduced in certain applications, where polyurethane dispersions are the standard technology. Two commercial polyacrylate dispersions typically used in 1K application have been compared (PAC1 and PAC2). PAC2 has self-x-linking functionality whereas PAC1 does not. On the other hand, two typical OH functional acrylates (OH PAC1 and OH PAC2) used in 2K woodcoating application have also been chosen for the comparison. The main difference between them is the nature of the dispersion, being OH PAC1 primary and OH PAC2 secondary dispersion. Finally a New OH PAC that combines both technologies, self-x-linking plus hydroxi functionality, has been also introduced. 14 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

15 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Table 1. Main properties of the different acrylic dispersions compared Dispersion PAC1 PAC2 New OH PAC OH PAC1 OH PAC2 Type of dispersion Primary Primary Primary Primary Secondary Technology 1K 1K 1K / 2K 2K 2K Self-X-linking No Yes Yes No No Solid content (%) MFFT ( C) Tg ( C) % OH on solid 0 0 1,5 2 3 Mw Comparison of those products have been done both in 1K application as well as in 2K application. Next table shows a summary of the main properties of the different products compared. Results in furniture 1K coating The different PAC dispersions have been compared in 1K formulation, including both the non functional resins as well as the OH containing ones, knowing that the traditional OH containing polyol are not really recommended for that use. Some of the results are shown in Table 2 and the rest of properties of the recommended systems for 1K are compared in Figure 2. According to these results it seems to be a clear correlation between resistance against stains and molecular weight: the higher the molecular weight the better the chemical resistance. OH PAC2 it is the only secondary dispersion and it shows the poorest chemical resistance. In this polymer the crosslinking with a polyisocyanate is necessary to reach the necessary molecular weight and consequently performance, thus such a product could not be used in a 1K coating. The higher molecular weight of the other two OH functional resins is able to compensate the OH functionality and acceptable level of chemical resistance is possible even in 1K formulations. It canbealsoobservedthatinordertogetsolvent resistance self-x-linking is necessary, therefore only PAC2 and the New OH PAC show good resistance against acetone and ethylacetate/butylacetate. Besides the improvement in solvent resistance, the crosslinking helps also in the film formation, as previously reported in other works, which leads to faster drying and therefore faster sandability and blocking development. Table 2. Coating performance of 1K clear coatings based on different acrylic dispersions. PAC1 PAC2 New OH PAC OH PAC1 OH PAC2 Sand dry (T1) Total dry (T4) >8h Coffee resistance -16 h Red Wine resistance -6 h Water resistance -16 h Mustard resistance -16 h Hand cream resistance -16 h EtOH 48% resistance -1 h Acetone resistance EA / BA Drying measured over glass (200μm wet) at 23 C and 50% RH. Chemical resistance evaluated on coated abedul panel (5 = very good; 1 = very bad). Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/

16 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Figure 2. Comparison of performance of 1K clear coatings based on different acrylic dispersions. (5 = very good; 1 = very bad) Results in furniture 2K coating In the same direction the three OH containing products have been compared in polyurethane 2K systems. As the content of OH groups is different for the three of them, the comparison has been made at constant polyisocyanate content (10% hardener solution on component A of the coating) but also at same crosslinking ratio NCO/OH=1.5. The hardener solution is based on hydrophilic anionically modified polyisocyanate diluted at 80% in MPA (AnPIC). In the comparison it is also clearly visible the effect of having a primary or secondary dispersion. OH PAC2 is the only secondary dispersion present in the comparison and it is the one with the better aspect on wood (Anfeuerung) but on the other hand longer drying (see Table 3 and Figure 4). Primary dispersions, OH PAC1 and New OH PAC show much shorter drying time, due to the initial higher molecular weight which gives to both systems stronger physical drying. In terms of chemical resistance, with the addition of 10% of polyisocyanate (NCO/OH=1.2), OH PAC1 shows the best chemical resistance, as shown in Table 3 not being necessary to increase the amount of hardener up to NCO/OH=1.5. As the OH content of OH PAC2 is higher and molecular weight of the resin is lower, the best performance with only 10% of AnPIC (NCO/OH=0.9) is not achievable. The film does not reach the necessary consistency because part of the hydroxi groups re- Table 3. Coating performance of 2K clear coatings based on different acrylic dispersions. OH PAC1 (10% AnPIC or OH PAC2 (10% AnPIC) OH PAC2 (NCO/OH:1, 5) New OH PAC (NCO/OH:1, Sand dry (T1) Total dry (T4) 1 h 4 h 53 6 h 25 1 h 02 Coffee resistance 16 h Red Wine resistance 16 h Water resistance 16 h Mustard resistance 16 h EtOH 48% resistance 1h Acetone resistance Pot-life 2 h > 6 h > 6 h 6 h Drying measured over glass (200μm wet) at 23 C and 50% RH. Chemical resistance evaluated on coated melamine panel (5 = very good; 1 = very bad). 16 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

17 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Figure 3. Comparison of performance of 2K clear coatings based on different acrylic dispersions. (5 = very good; 1 = very bad) main unreacted giving higher sensitivity to the resin. In order to get the best performance with OH PAC2, it is necessary to increase the amount of polyisocyanate up to NCO/OH=1.5 (around 15% AnPIC). Additionally a comparison in pigmented coatings has also been made. Table 4 summarizes the obtained results with the different systems formulated as 2K pigmented coatings, with the addition of 15% of hardener. In that comparison also non OH functional polyacrylates have been introduced. It can be clearly seen that real 2K systems are necessary for obtaining high performance systems, with top level requirements of chemical resistance (as for instance DIN B). Good chemical resistance are only possible in pigmented systems when 2K systems with OH containing resins are used. Poor results are obtained with no OH functional resins, even with the addition of polyisocyanate. Applications opportunities with new OH PAC The New OH PAC offers to coating formulators the possibility of having a versatile system which can be used in 1K as well as 2K coatings, when higher performance is necessary. The resin has been specifically developed for interior furniture coatings, but other application possibilities are also possible as the resin also shows advantages in parquet or exterior coatings. Results on different applications are being shown in the next tables. Furniture coatings Table 5 shows the comparison of performance of this new product in 1K and 2K clear and pigmented. In 2K clear coating only a 5-10% of the anionic polyisocyanate solution is needed, whereas in pigmented coating a 20% is necessary to get the best performance. With that system it is possible to Table 4. Chemical resistance of 2K pigmented coatings based on different acrylic dispersions with addition of 15% of hardener. PAC1 PAC2 OH PAC1 OH PAC2 New OH PAC Coffee resistance 16 h Red Wine resistance 16 h Water resistance 16 h Mustard resistance -16 h EtOH 48% resistance -1 h Chemical resistance evaluated on coated melamine panel (5 = very good; 1 = very bad). Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/

18 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne Table 5. Coating performance of 1K clear and 2K clear and pigmented optimized formulations based on NewOH PAC dispersion. 1K clear 1K clear + 10 % AnPIC 2K pigmented 20% AnPIC Pendulum hardness (s, König), 1/3/7datRT/16hat50 C 50/70/100/150 65/85/100/120 70/127/145/150 Sand dry (T1) approx. 30 approx. 30 approx. 30 Total dry (T4) approx. 50 approx. 80 approx. 7h Gloss 20 / 60 / Haze (%) 81 / 91 /30 83 / 90 / / 87 / 70 Water resistance -16 h Coffee resistance -1 h/16h 5/3 5/5 5/5 Red wine resistance -6 h American mustard resistance -6 h Ethanol 48% resistance -1 h Acetone resistance -1 min K formulations formulated with the addition of 10 and 20% of hardener in each case. Drying and pendulum hardness measured over glass (200 μm wet) at 23 C and 50% RH. Chemical resistance evaluated on coated abedul panel (5 = very good; 1 = very bad). pass IKEA R2 requirements in 1K clear coatings, whereas in 2K both clear and pigmented DIN at level 1B is achievable. This system also shows advantages in terms of increased popping limit (up to 240 g/m 2 ) allowing high gloss formulations with high robustness and long pot-life (up to 8h). Results on parquet coatings Table 6 shows the results of a parquet coating in 1K and 2K application. In the 2K application a 65% diluted polyether modified polyisocyanate solution has been used as cross-linker, as this is the standard hardener for parquet application, giving Table 6. Coating performance of 1K clear and 2K clear parquet coatings based on the New OH PAC alone and in combination with a market standard PUD. New OH PAC 1K New OH PAC 2K 10 % PET-PIC PUD1 1K PUD1 / New OH PAC 7:3 1K Pendulum hardness (s, König), 1 / 7d at RT / 16 h at 50 C 30/65/100 80/100/110 54/57/60 67/70/73 Sand dry (T1) approx. 30 approx. 40 approx. 40 approx. 40 Total dry (T4) approx. 60 approx. 80 approx. 105 approx. 90 Gloss 20 / 60 / Haze (%) 80 / 89 / / 83 / / 89 / 7 84 / 90 / 11 Water resistance 4h/24h 5/4 5/5 5/5 5/5 Scratch water resistance 4h / 24 h 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 EtOH resistance 5 / 30 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 3 5 / 3 Scratch EtOH resistance 5 / 30 5 / 4 5 / 5 5 / 3 5 / 3 Black Heel Mar Resistance Abrasion Taber CS10 / CS17 mg lost after 1000 rev (10N load) 83/91 80/90 15/4 21/20 Drying and pendulum hardness measured over glass (200μm wet) at 23 C and 50% RH. Chemical resistance evaluated on coated oak panel, μm wet) (5 = very good; 1 = very bad). 18 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

19 Artyku³y naukowo-techniczne best mechanical properties to the system. In parquet coating this system has been compared with standard parquet systems based on PUD1 and also using the New OH PAC as combination partner for parquet polyurethane coatings in order to reduce the cost of the formulation. In the results it can be seen that the New OH PAC could be used alone in parquet coating, specially as primer, where the abrasion results are not so important. Addition of a cross-linker to the acrylic dispersion leads to an improvement, specially of black heel mar resistance, as the thermoplasticity of the polymer is very dependant on the cross-linking density. Figure 4. Gloss retention at 60 after accelerated QUV-Spray test of different systems. The New OH PAC could also be used as combination partner with a PUD, in order to improve adhesion of the system and make more economical formulations. Addition of 30% of the New OH PAC to a PUD does not significantly modify the performance of the polyurethane dispersion. Results on exterior coatings New OH PAC has also been tested in exterior applications, alone and as combination partner of a PUD used for exterior PUD. QUV-Spray tests according DIN EN ISO have been performed on massive pine panels showing good weatherability for the New OH PAC alone and as combination partner. The gloss retention after 2000 h is good and no degradation of the film is observed in any case, only some yellowing is observed coming the typical yellowing of the wood substrate. Conclusions A comparison study has been made for different acrylic dispersions for wood coatings both in 1K as well in 2K systems. Primary dispersions have stronger physical drying resulting in better productivity (faster sandability and faster blocking development) in 1K as well as in 2K systems. On the other hand the transparency and gloss of the coating will be inferior than with secondary dispersions. Crosslinking is necessary to have good solvent resistance. This can be obtained by introducing self-x-linking units into the polymer chain in a 1K system or by introduction of a crosslinker in a two component system. Real 2K polyurethane systems are necessary for the formulation of pigmented coatings with high level of chemical resistance. The use of a low OH content self-x-linking PAC, as the New OH PAC, allows the formulation of both 1K as well as 2K with a medium-high performance respectively. The final properties are neither the best for a 1K typical product nor the best for a 2K. However this product offers higher degree of freedom and versatility to the formulator to get the desired level of coating performance: IKEA R2 requirements for 1K clear coatings and DIN at level 1B in 2K clear or pigmented. The product could also be used in parquet applications as single resin or as combination partner with a PUD, as 1K or cross-linked with an isocyanate for better performance. This new resin also shows good weatherability in preliminary results and could also be considered for exterior. Referat zosta³ zaprezentowany podczas konferencji ACT 14 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/

20 Rynek wyrobów lakierowych Rynek wyrobów lakierowych Studium prognozuje wzrost wartoœci rynku ditlenku tytanu do 15,31 mld euro w 2020 roku Study predicts titanium dioxide market to reach EUR billion by 2020 EC Newsletter, Wed³ug danych zawartych w nowym raporcie, wartoœæ œwiatowego rynku ditlenku tytanu w 2013 roku by³a wyceniana na 11,75 miliarda euro, a przewidywania wskazuj¹, e w 2020 roku wartoœæ ta wyniesie ju 15,31 miliarda euro, przy z³o onym wskaÿniku wzrostu CARG 3,8% w latach Raport zatytu³owany Rynek Ditlenku Tytanu Analiza Œwiatowego Przemys³u, Udzia³ów, Wzrostu, Trendów i Prognoz , przygotowany przez firmê Transparency Market Research zawiera dok³adn¹ analizê i prognozy zarówno dla œwiatowego jak i lokalnych rynków TiO 2. Popyt na lekkie pojazdy stale wzrasta, ze wzglêdu na zapotrzebowanie na samochody zu ywaj¹ce mniejsze iloœci paliwa. Trend ten ma siê utrzymaæ w okresie, jaki obejmuje raport. Bêd¹cy termoplastem poliwêglan, jest w lekkich pojazdach samochodowych zamiennikiem elementów metalowych i szklanych. Jednak jego niewielka odpornoœæ na zarysowanie hamowa- ³a wzrost rynku poliwêglanów. Ditlenek tytanu jest jednym z g³ównych materia³ów nanoszonych jako pow³oka na elementy wykonane z poliwêglanu. St¹d wzrastaj¹ce zapotrzebowanie na lekkie pojazdy po³¹czone ze wzrastaj¹cym zapotrzebowaniem na poliwêglan s¹ podstawowymi czynnikami napêdzaj¹cymi rynek TiO 2. Popyt na nanocz¹steczkowy ditlenek tytanu tak e zanotowa³ wzrost w ostatnim czasie i prognozy wskazuj¹, e bêdzie on równie czynnikiem napêdzaj¹cym wzrost rynku TiO 2 w okresie objêtym raportem. Jednoczeœnie wzros³a liczba regulacji prawnych dotycz¹cych ditlenku tytanu zwi¹zanych z obawami dotycz¹cymi jego wp³ywu na œrodowisko oraz zdrowie cz³owieka i jest to g³ówny czynnik hamuj¹cy rozwój jego rynku. Wzrost popytu na pow³oki w modu³ach fotowoltaicznych, poprawiaj¹cych ich wydajnoœæ, tak e bêdzie oferowaæ mo liwoœci wzrostu dla rynku TiO 2. W raporcie, zapotrzebowanie na ditlenek tytanu, zosta³o przedstawione w podziale na obszary jego stosowania: segment farb, tworzyw, papierniczy i inne (min. tusze lub sztuczne w³ókna). Segment farb i lakierów by³ najwiêkszym odbiorc¹ ditlenku tytanu w 2013 roku a jego udzia³ w rynku wynosi³ wówczas ponad 50%. Zapotrzebowanie ze strony segmentu tworzyw bêdzie wzrasta³o najszybciej jako rezultat wzrostu w przemyœle opakowaniowym i samochodowym. Na rynku ditlenku tytanu dominuj¹c¹ pozycjê maj¹ pañstwa w rejonie Azji i Pacyfiku, których udzia³ w rynku tego surowca w 2013 roku wynosi³ 40%. Prognozy zawarte w omawianym raporcie wskazuj¹, e trend ten bêdzie utrzymywa³ siê w latach , g³ównie dziêki rosn¹cym rynkom Indii i Chin. Raport wskazuje, e rynek ditlenku tytanu jest mocno skonsolidowany, a czterech g³ównych graczy ma ponad 50% udzia³ w rynku. Nale ¹ do nich takie firmy jak DuPont, Cristal Global, Kronos Worldwide i Tronox Ltd. A.Œ. Nowi partnerzy do³¹czaj¹ do konsorcjum realizuj¹cego projekt nt. przetwarzania odpadów w surowce dla przemys³u chemicznego Waste-to-chemicals consortium boosted by new partners EC Newsletter, Zainicjowany rok temu przez Duñczyków projekt, dotycz¹cy metod przetwarzania odpadów w surowce dla przemys³u chemicznego, rozrós³ siê ponad dwukrotnie. Pocz¹tkowo w projekt zaanga owane by³y AkzoNobel, kanadyjska firma Enerkem oraz czterech partnerów regionalnych, obecnie do- ³¹czy³o jeszcze osiem innych firm (Van Gansewinkel za³o yciel Circularity Center, EEW Energia z Odpadów, BioMCN, Air Liquide, Veolia, Visser & Smit Ha- 20 Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/2015

21 Rynek wyrobów lakierowych nab, the Port of Rotterdam Authority oraz DNV GL). Celem projektu jest zastosowanie technologii wytwarzania gazu z odpadów komunalnych, posiadanej przez Enerkem, jako jednego z etapów w syntezie metanolu i amoniaku. Celem partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego bêdzie zbadanie mo liwoœci zbudowania pierwszej fabryki w Europie, zlokalizowanej w Rotterdamie lub Delfzijl. Publikacja na temat dotychczasowych wyników projektu powinna ukazaæ siê jeszcze w bie ¹cym roku. A.Œ. Huber przejmuje technologiê bezhalogenowych opóÿniaczy palenia od firmy Floridien Huber acquires halogen-free fire retardant technology from Floridienne EC Newsletter, Huber Engineered Materials (HEM), oddzia³ firmy J.M. Huber Corporation przej¹³ od Floridienne Group and Catena Additives technologiê otrzymywania bezhalogenowych i bezazotowych opóÿniaczy palenia Safire. Celem firmy Huber jest integracja przejêtej technologii z ju posiadanym przez firmê portfolio bezhalogenowych retardantów i œrodków przeciwdymnych i jak najszybsze wprowadzenie ich na rynek. Jest to trzecie w ci¹gu ostatnich piêciu lat przejêcie technologii œrodków uniepalniaj¹cych po zakupie w 2012 roku jednostki biznesowej od firmy Almatis i w 2010 marki Kemgard od firmy Sherwin-Williams. A.Œ. Kuncai zapocz¹tkowuje dzia³alnoœæ swojego biura sprzeda y w Europie Kuncai starts sales office in Europe Biuro sprzeda y firmy Fujian Kuncai Material Technology Co., Ltd., producenta pigmentów per- ³owych, rozpoczê³o w³aœnie dzia³alnoœæ w Europie jako Kuncai Europe B.V. Kuncai (Fuqing, prowincja Fujian, Chiny) utworzy³ przedsiêwziêcie joint venture z QolorTech B.V firm¹ marketingow¹ i handlow¹ z Holandii. G³ówne obszary dzia³alnoœci to obszar Europy i Turcji. Firma Kuncai oferuje ró norodne pigmenty na bazie naturalnej i syntetycznej miki oraz na bazie borokrzemianów, przeznaczone dla przemys³u samochodowego, farb, tworzyw, tuszy i kosmetyków. Firma jest w trakcie budowy dodatkowego zak³adu produkcyjnego, który pozwoli na zwiêkszenie produkcji do ton. A.Œ. Zakoñczy³a siê budowa fabryki farb w Petersburgu Teknos paint plant in St Petersburg completed Zakoñczy³a siê budowa fabryki farb w Petersburgu. Budowê rozpoczêto w grudniu 2013 roku, a wartoœæ inwestycji wynios³a blisko 20 milionów Euro. Pierwsz¹ partiê farb wyprodukowano w marcu tego roku, a oficjalnie dzia³alnoœæ zak³adu zosta- ³a zainaugurowana 9 czerwca. Fabryka, zatrudniaj¹ca oko³o 100 osób, obs³uguje Rosjê i pobliskie rynki. Wytwarzane s¹ w niej farby wodne oraz rozpuszczalnikowe na metal, do drewna, dla budownictwa oraz farby proszkowe. Zdolnoœci produkcyjne fabryki wynosz¹ 5 10 milionów litrów z mo liwoœci¹ zwiêkszenia wydajnoœci a do 20 milionów litrów. Teknos dzia³a³ na rynku rosyjskim jeszcze w czasach Zwi¹zku Radzieckiego. W 2008 roku wszed³ w spó³kê joint venture z lokalnym producentem farb dla budownictwa i dzia³a³ jako Teknos Deko. Od 2012 roku jedynym w³aœcicielem Teknos Deko jest firma Tecnos. Z kolei w 2010 roku firma przejê³a od Tikkurili fabrykê farb proszkowych w Rosji. Produkty Tecnosa s¹ produkowane i sprzedawane pod nazw¹ Ohtek. A.Œ. Lubrizol rozbudowuje europejskie Centrum Doskona³oœci Recepturowania i Stosowania Wyrobów Lakierowych Lubrizol Expands European Formulations & Applications Centers of Excellence for Coatings SpecialChem Coatings Industry Newsletter, Jednostka biznesowa pow³ok firmy Lubrizol poinformowa³a o rozbudowie europejskiego Centrum Doskona³oœci Recepturowania i Stosowania Wyro- Farby i Lakiery (Paints and Varnishes) 4/