Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 2016 Q1.

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1 June 216 Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Jacek Łaszek Hanna Augustyniak Krzysztof Olszewski Joanna Waszczuk Financial Stability Department

2 The information was prepared in the Financial Stability Department for the needs of the NBP governing bodies. The opinions expressed in this publication are authors opinions and they do not present the position of the governing bodies of Narodowy Bank Polski.

3 Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Analysis of the situation in the real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1 1 leads to the following conclusions: The situation in the housing market remained balanced. Despite the observed recovery, offer and transaction prices per square meter of housing in the primary markets of the analysed cities showed stabilization. Also in the secondary markets transaction prices remained stable with Warsaw being the only market to post price declines. Price declines were driven by increased sales of housing offered at lower price per square meter, i.e. lower quality or poorer location housing. In all the analysed groups of cities (Warsaw, 6M, 1M) prices in the primary market exceeded those in the secondary market. Hedonic prices 2 in the secondary market of 16 large (voivodship) cities were stable, which confirms that the situation in the housing market is balanced. Average rents per square meter of housing (offer and transaction) in large cities posted a slight growth for another consecutive quarter. The indicator of the estimated availability of housing in large cities increased on the back of growing nominal wages of households and stable prices per square meter of housing. The average availability of housing indicator for 7 cities was.88 square meter of housing per average monthly wage in the corporate sector, posting a rise of.4 square meter as compared to the 27 Q3 minimum. The indicator of the estimated availability of residential mortgage loans for an average household in 7 cities was stable. In the analysed quarter a slight hike in interest rate on newly granted PLN residential mortgage loans was accompanied by a rise in average wages. Housing investment (excluding transaction costs) continues to be profitable in short-term. Considering the average achievable rents level, return on housing investment stands higher than returns on bank deposits, yields on 1-year Treasury bonds and is close to the profit earned on investment in the commercial real estate market. The high ratio of average rent to loan servicing costs continues to allow to finance the cost of credit with income from rent. Disbursements of new housing loans remained stable. In 216 Q1, the value of residential mortgage loans granted without renegotiated contracts reached PLN 9.7 billion, which represents a 13.3% decrease as compared to the previous quarter and a 8.3% increase as compared to 215 Q1. 3 The high value of new loans paid out in 215 Q1 was due to increased housing demand associated with regulatory changes (such as growing minimum buyer s own contribution (down-payment) requirement and borrowers concerns regarding the exhaustion of funds to be distributed under the government housing scheme "Housing for the young"). In the analysed 1 The analysis performed in this issue of the Information is based on data available up to 215 Q4. Due to delays in the access to data, some figures contain information up to 215 Q3, inclusive. 2 The hedonic housing price index contains the adjustment factoring in the differences in housing attributes (e.g. location, usable area, finishing standard) sold in individual periods. The hedonic index should respond to growing share of smaller housing offered at higher price per square meter less strongly than the average price index or the median price index. The hedonic price is an average transaction price recorded in the base period multiplied by the hedonic index. More information in the article by M. Widłak (21), Metody wyznaczania hedonicznych indeksów cen jako sposób kontroli zmian jakości dóbr [Methods of determining hedonic price indices as a method to control changes in goods quality], Wiadomości Statystyczne no Based on.: 1 Narodowy Bank Polski

4 Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. period banks increased their margins and tightened their requirements concerning loan collateral and buyers own contribution (down-payment). In 216 Q1 banks declared significant tightening of lending policy in the residential mortgage lending segment and expected a significant decline in demand for these loans. The quality of housing loans denominated in PLN is high, with the share of non-performing at the end of 216 Q1 standing at 2.7%. Since 212 the share of loans denominated in foreign currency in the currency structure of bank housing loans has been on a gradual decline, which supports the financial and macroeconomic stability. Declining share of residential mortgage loans in foreign currency results both from the fact that banks have ceased to grant such loans to persons who are not in the receipt of a regular income in a particular currency, as well as from regular amortization, early repayments and refinancing. The quality of foreign currency housing loans is high, the share of non-performing loans at the end of 216 Q1 remains at 3.2%. Works are continued to tackle the problem of foreign currency housing loans in a systemic way. Profitability of housing investment continued at a high level. This was associated with the ratio of home prices to costs of building materials and construction works, which was favorable for real estate developers as well as with the accumulated land stock for construction of new housing projects. Financial data of real estate developers usually show low profitability of their business, which is also reflected in the stock exchange quotations of the largest companies in the industry. Nevertheless, the estimated profitability of home construction projects undertaken by developers also continued at a sound level which is confirmed by the launch and completion of a large number of successive new investment projects. Although four years have passed since the entry into force of the Act on the Protection Home Buyers Rights, not all buyers have been secured with a special escrow account 4 where money of clients of real estate developers is deposited. Coverage with escrow accounts differs across major cities 5. Under the Act on the Protection of Home Buyers Rights, developers embarking on new investment are obliged, as of 29 April 212, to open an escrow account. This rule does not apply, however, if the investment was commenced before 29 April 212 and its subsequent stages are now under construction 6. No need to keep an account for certain investment project boosts real estate developer s profitability. The sound situation of real estate developers is also confirmed by the number of bankruptcies and restructuring proceedings in the real estate development industry which posted a further decline as compared to the previous quarter 7. 4 There are two types of escrow accounts: an open escrow account (money from such an account goes to the real estate developer as the construction progresses, which is controlled by the bank keeping the account) and a closed escrow account (the real estate developer cannot withdraw funds before completion of the construction and transfer of ownership to the client), with the former one being more frequently used. Yet, only experienced developers with good history of cooperation with financial institutions are eligible for an open escrow account and bank credit funding. New real estate development companies can have access to a closed escrow account only. Yet, it may happen that escrow accounts are not sufficient loan security for clients in the case of bank failure. 5 According to the data REAS data, coverage with escrow accounts in the largest analyzed cities it is highest in Wroclaw (86%), Poznań (84%) and Warsaw (81%), while the lowest in the Tri-City Agglomeration of Gdańsk-Sopot-Gdynia (52%). 6. See article 37 and 37 of the Act of 16 September 211 on the protection of home buyers rights. 7 In 216, a new Restructuring Act came into force, under which the main goal of the restructuring proceedings, in addition to satisfying creditors, is to avoid debtor s bankruptcy by allowing debtor s restructuring through entering into an arrangement 2 Narodowy Bank Polski

5 Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. The number of new home construction contracts and homes under construction is on the rise. The estimated high profit margins of real estate developers and high rate of return on residential construction projects as well as high demand boosted the number of issued building permits (192.6 thousand in annual terms), the number of dwellings whose construction was launched (17.9 thousand in annual terms ) as well as completed dwellings (153.2 thousand in annual terms). As compared to 215 Q1, the figure increased by 3.7 thousand. (+ 9.7% y/y), by 2.5 thousand. (+ 7.8% y/y) and by 5.5 thousand. (+ 17.3% y/y) respectively. Should, in the future, home sales by real estate developers housing developers fall below their expectations, we will see a fall in the number of new investment projects. The stock of unsold housing units in Poland s six largest cities decreased in the analysed period by approx..4 thousand dwellings, amounting to 48.3 thousand. This was caused by both high demand, partly offsetting the effect of low interest rates, and the announced discontinuance of this year s payment of subsidies under the MDM housing scheme as well as big number of new dwellings launched on the market in the analysed quarter. Decisions on home purchase may be prompted by the expected increase in the level of buyer s contribution (downpayment) requirement in residential mortgage lending in In the analysed period, home selling time in the primary market 9 in the six largest cities shortened, mainly on the back of growing demand recorded in the past two quarters. Real estate developers continue to manage to appropriately match the structure of home size with housing demand. As in the segment of the most popular real estate, price is the main home choice criterion, compact housing i.e. tworoom, smaller size apartments enjoy the highest popularity. The primary market continues to see a large number of both buyers purchasing a dwelling at an early stage of construction, and buyers looking for a superior standard apartment (an interesting construction project, better location and quality, prestige of the investment), for which they are willing to pay a higher price. Developers sometimes decide to sell promotional dwellings at lower prices or with a flexible schedule of payments. However, buyers in many cases decide to purchase housing in the secondary market for the sake of comfort of fast relocation and security of the transaction. Until 15 March 215 the value of applications filed under the MDM housing scheme amounted to 95% of the amount planned for 215 subsidy payments. As a result, BGK, in accordance with the rules of the MDM housing scheme, ceased, on 16 March 216, to accept with creditors, in the event of the recovery proceedings - also by carrying out recovery measures, while safeguarding the legitimate rights of creditors. Under the current Act, the restructuring proceedings concern both insolvent companies and those threatened with insolvency, therefore, new statistics show not only the number of bankrupts, but also companies at risk of bankruptcy. Previously, the applicable law allowed to declare arrangement bankruptcy only if the company was actually insolvent. During the analysed quarter, lower number of bankruptcies in the construction sector (largely the consequence of the amendment to the bankruptcy law) was supported by high activity in commercial construction, infrastructure investments (which, in many cases, are suspended until full mobilization of funds under the EU budget), and, in particular, high demand for housing construction. Construction industry expects demand to increase as a result of the launch of the Rental Housing Fund (FWM) and the announced government's program "Housing +". 8 In accordance with the provisions of S Recommendation (Recommendation 15.7), for mortgage-backed credit exposures taken in the period from 1 January 216 to 31 December 216, the value of the LtV indicator should not exceed 85%. 9 Home selling time in the primary market, calculated by REAS, is the ratio of the number of apartments being on offer at the end of the quarter to the average sales recorded in the preceding year. 3 Narodowy Bank Polski

6 Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. applications from home buyers whose date of fund disbursement was scheduled for Large disbursement should be attributed to both last year's amendment of the Act extending the housing scheme to include secondary market housing 11, as well as the announcement that the scheme will be discontinued after Gdańsk was the only city to see in 216 Q1 the maximum price limits per one square meter of housing eligible for the MDM housing scheme decrease both in the primary and in the secondary market. In other large voivodship cities the price limits remained stable. In 216 Q2 those price limits decreased in 8 of the analysed markets, increased in 6 of them and in 2 of them remained unchanged. Yet, due to the exhaustion of this year's funds for housing subsidies, this should not affect the housing market Subsidies to interest on first loans granted under the Family on their own (RNS) housing scheme are coming to an end yet, thanks to historically low interest rates, this should not pose a major problem to the servicing of those loans. Since the beginning of 215, the Rental Housing Fund (FMW) has been operating, under which until the end of 216 Q1 as many as 243 dwellings were contracted, including 425 rented and 1463 purchased, with the purchase of another 542 being finalized 13. Currently, the Rental Housing Fund (FMW) offers housing in Poznań, Piaseczno, Gdańsk and Kraków 14. Since September 215, 41 Social Housing Societies (TBS), 3 municipal companies and 1 housing cooperative have applied for loans to the scheme supporting the construction of social housing for rent 15. Loan applications concern 59 investment projects whose value totals PLN 591 million (including PLN 374 million worth BGK loan). As 1 On 15 March 215 the subsidy fund providing additional financing to buyers own contribution in connection with the acquisition of their first dwelling (MDM Scheme) reached 95% of the amount planned for disbursement i.e. PLN 73 million (as stipulated in the Budget Act for 216). The pool of funds for subsidies for new housing in 217 in the planned amount of PLN 746 million can be booked in 216 up to half of that value (i.e. up to PLN 323 million). For the last year of the operation of the programme (218), the limit is PLN 762 million. For 217 the percentage of the use of funds is 12.3% and.12% for 218. (BGK data from March 216). 11 On 1 September 215, the Act of 25 June 215 entered into force on the amendment of the Act on government s support to first-time home buyers (Journal of Laws of 17 August 215, item 1194). The amendment covered dwellings sold in the secondary market. It also increased the amount of subsidies for families or single parents (2 per cent in the case of families with two children and up to 3 per cent in the case of families with three or more children). Moreover, the age limit was increased for parents and single persons bringing up three or more children willing to participate in the programme (the previously prescribed age limit was 35 years). The conditions of loan granting were also eased - any person, instead of only close family, may act as an additional borrower, which is important in terms of creditworthiness. 12 In January 216, Kazimierz Smoliński, Deputy Minister at the Ministry of Infrastructure and Construction announced that the government did not plan to continue the MDM Housing Scheme. The Scheme will be discontinued in accordance with the provisions of the Act, namely on 3 September The dwellings offered are finished in a "turn-key" condition, with fully equipped and fitted bathroom and kitchen. The rent depends on the length of the lease, the size of the apartment, the building's location and the price at which the Rental Housing Fund (FMW) acquired the property. 14 In 216 subsequent investment projects are supposed to be launched: in Warsaw, Poznań and Wrocław, in 217 another one in Warsaw and Katowice, and in 218 in Poznań and Łódź. By the end of 22, the Rental Housing Fund (FMW) should have offered approx. 2 thousand apartments for rent. 15. The provisions of the Act (Journal of Laws of 1 September 215, item 1582) enable the BGK to grant loans to social housing societies TBS, municipal companies and housing cooperatives, which, under current conditions, would bear interest at the rate of approx. 1.7%, increased by a margin of 1.3 percentage points to be financed by the state budget. The scheme is spread over 1 years during which BGK should lend PLN 4.5 billion for the construction of social housing for rental (the scheme assumes the construction of approximately 3 thousand dwellings). In 216, BGK shall allocate PLN 45 million to lending. It is envisaged that the first loan agreements will be concluded around June 216. In accordance with the provisions of the Act, it will not be possible to repurchase dwellings financed with preferential loans. There are restrictions in access to home rental depending on tenants income. The Act provides for income verification every two years. The rent rate may not exceed 5% of the replacement value of the dwelling. 4 Narodowy Bank Polski

7 Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. announced by BGK, the total of approx. 3 thousand dwellings is expected to be constructed, mainly in the West Pomeranian Voivodship (Województwo Zachodniopomorskie), Silesian Voivodship (Województwo Śląskie) and Mazovian Voivodship (Województwo Mazowieckie). Moreover, in February 216 the Borrowers Support Fund commenced its activity11, offering refundable assistance on preferential terms to borrowers facing temporary problems with loan repayment. The value of real estate investment transactions in the commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1 reached approx. EUR.5 billion. The rate of return in the Warsaw office market fell to 5.5%, the value which is even lower than that recorded during the 27 boom. Investors, however, compare the return on investment in real estate office with the historically low yields on government bonds in Poland and abroad. In the Warsaw office space rental market, which is the dominant market, the vacancy rate increased from 12% to approx. 14%. This was mainly driven by the completion of certain investment projects being postponed from end of 215 to the current quarter 16. The completion and handover of further office buildings amidst stable demand may increase the vacancy rate in the near future. Transactions rents for A class office space in Warsaw showed a slight decrease and stood at around 23 EUR per square meter. Vacancy rate remained stable in other markets. Transaction rents for B class office space, expressed in PLN, continued on a downward trend in Warsaw and in 6 major cities, while posting a rise in 1 smaller cities. Rents in shopping centres, expressed in EUR, analysed for spaces of approximately 1-3 meters showed a downward trend in Warsaw and remained stable in other major cities. Transaction prices for the purchase of retail and service premises in the secondary market in Poland remained broadly unchanged. 16 See Report by Knight Frank Office market in Warsaw, 215 Report and report by Knight Frank Office market in Warsaw in 215 Q1 5 Narodowy Bank Polski

8 Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. The figures below describe the most important developments in the housing market in Poland s major cities in 216 Q1. Charts and figures present: 1) home prices (Figures 1 14), 2) housing availability, loan availability, availability of loan-financed housing, profitability of housing investment (Figures 15 19), 3) mortgage loan disbursements and interest rates (Figures 2 27), 4) operating profitability of housing and real estate development projects, costs of construction and assembly output and economic situation of real estate developers in Poland (Figures 28 44), 5) housing construction and the residential market in Poland (Figures 45 58), 6) housing policy in Poland (Figures 59-72), 7) commercial real estate (Figures 73-76). The analysis of prices of square meter of housing: offer prices, transaction prices and hedonic prices in the primary and secondary markets as well as housing rents relies on the data acquired from the housing market survey of the Real Estate Market Database (BaRN) 17. On the other hand, as part of the survey of the commercial real estate market, the Commercial Real Estate Market Database (BaNK) data on rent, offer prices and transaction prices of commercial real estate are compiled and analysed. In addition, data from PONT Info Nieruchomości, AMRON and SARFIN Polish Banks Association and Comparables.pl were used in the analyses. The analyses and reports of REAS, the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) and the aggregate credit data from the Credit Information Bureau (BIK) were also used. For the structural market analysis, data published by the Central Statistical Office and many studies containing sector data were used. 17 The survey of residential and commercial real estate prices in Poland s selected cities for 215 was announced in the Decree of the Council of Ministers of 27 August 214 on the Programme for Surveys in Public Statistics for 215 (Journal of 214 item 133), symbol (73). The obligation to submit statistical data results from Article 3 item 3 of the Act of 29 June 1995 on public statistics (Journal of Laws of 212 item 591) and from the Decree of the Council of Ministers referred to above. The reporting forms for 215 were announced in the Decree of the Prime Minister of 18 March 215 on reporting forms, completion instructions and statistical questionnaires and questionnaire forms used in surveys of public statistics for 215 (Journal of Laws of 215 item 561). Since the survey is carried out by NBP, the Bank publishes the surveys on its website. In listings related to 216 Q1, approx thousand records were collected, including approx. 26.7% of records concerning transactions and 73.3% of records concerning offers. Altogether approx. 1.9 million records were collected in the base, including 2.5% of records concerning transactions and 79.5% of records concerning offers. 6 Narodowy Bank Polski

9 Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. List of abbreviations: 5M 6M 7M 1M BaNK BaRN BIK CPI DFD GD GUS IRR EURIBOR FMW KNF KRS LIBOR LTV MDM MSSF NBP PONT REAS RNS RP PSR RW ROE WIBOR WIG2 ZBP ZKPK 5 cities: Gdańsk, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Wrocław 6 cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Wrocław 7 cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Warszawa, Wrocław 1 cities: Białystok, Bydgoszcz, Katowice, Kielce, Lublin, Olsztyn, Opole, Rzeszów, Szczecin, Zielona Góra Commercial Real Estate Database Real Estate Database Credit Information Bureau Consumer Price Index Large real estate development company Households Central Statistical Office Internal Rate of Return Euro Interbank Offer Rate Rental Housing Fund Polish Financial Supervision Authority National Court Register London Interbank Offered Rate Loan-to-Value Government-subsidised housing scheme Mieszkanie dla Młodych [Housing for the Young] International Financial Reporting Standards Narodowy Bank Polski PONT Info Nieruchomości Real Estate Advisory System Government-subsidized housing scheme Rodzina na Swoim [Family on their Own] Primary housing market Polish Accounting Standards Secondary housing market (existing housing stock) Return on equity Warsaw Interbank Offered Rate Index including top 2 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange with the highest value of publicly traded shares The Polish Bank Association Accumulated index of changes in banks credit policy criteria 7 Narodowy Bank Polski

10 III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. 1. Transaction, hedonic and offer prices of housing in the primary market (PM) and in the secondary market (SM) Figure 1 Transaction prices per square meter of housing PM (PLN/sq. m) Figure 2 Transaction prices per square meter of housing SM (PLN/sq. m) Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Wrocław Warszawa Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Wrocław Warszawa Note: the home price database of NBP (BaRN) has existed since 26 Q3; description of the database may be found in the Report on home prices and the situation in housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 214 available on the bank s website. Figure 3 Weighted average price per square meter of housing, offers and transactions - PM (PLN/sq. m) Figure 4 Weighted average price per square meter of housing, offers and transactions - SM (PLN/sq. m) Warszawa RP O 6M RP O 1M RP O Warszawa RP T 6M RP T 1M RP T Note to Figures 3 13: the price weighted with the share of housing in the market stock, the average price for Warszawa; 6C are the following cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Wrocław; 1C are the following cities: Białystok, Bydgoszcz, Katowice, Kielce, Lublin, Olsztyn, Opole, Rzeszów, Szczecin, Zielona Góra. Figure 3 Ratio of the average weighted transaction price per square meter of housing PM to SM 1,25 1,2 1,15 1,1 1,5 1,,95,9,85,8 Warszawa RW O 6M RW O 1M RW O Warszawa RW T 6M RW T 1M RW T Figure 4 Ratio of the average weighted transaction price to offer price per square meter of housing SM 1,3 1,25 1,2 1,15 1,1 1,5 Warszawa 6M 1M Warszawa 6M 1M 8 Narodowy Bank Polski

11 III 26 III 26 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 5 Weighted average and real price per square meter of housing in the primary market to CPI-deflated price (26 Q3 = 1) Figure 6 Weighted average and real price per square meter of housing in the secondary market to CPI-deflated price (26 Q3 = 1) Warszawa RP T 6M RP T 1M RP T Source: NBP, AMRON, GUS. Warszawa RP T defl. CPI 6M RP T defl. CPI. 1M RP T defl. CPI Figure 7 Weighted average transaction price per square meter of housing adjusted by the hedonic price index SM, transactions (PLN/sq.m) Warszawa RW T 6M RW T 1M RW T Source: NBP, AMRON, GUS. Warszawa RW T defl. CPI 6M RW T defl. CPI. 1M RW T defl. CPI Figure 8 Weighted average transaction price per square meter of housing in SM, adjusted by the hedonic price index, in the largest cities (PLN/sq.m) Warszawa hed. 6M hed. 1M hed. Warszawa RW 6M RW 1M RW Figure 9 Average offer prices per square meter of housing - SM in 7 cities (PLN/sq.m) Gdańsk hed. Kraków hed. Łódź hed. Poznań hed. Warszawa hed. Wrocław hed. Figure 1 Average offer prices per square meter of housing - PM, selected markets (PLN/sq.m) Gdańsk Gdynia Łódź Kraków Poznań Warszawa Wrocław Warszawa 5M 1M Note to Figures 11-12: prices are collected from all available sources. Source: PONT Info Nieruchomości. Source: PONT Info Nieruchomości. 9 Narodowy Bank Polski

12 III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II dostępność indeks zmiana w % II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 11 Average offer prices per square meter of housing, new launched housing contracts PM, selected markets (PLN/sq.m) Łódź Kraków Poznań Trójmiasto Wrocław Warszawa śr.6m Note: prices refer only to new contracts put on the market for the first time. Source: Real Estate Advisory System (REAS). Figure 12 Average rent rates (offers and transactions) per square meter of housing in 7 cities (PLN/sq.m) Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław 7M śr.waż.zasobem 2. Housing availability, loan availability, availability of loan-financed housing, profitability of housing investment Figure 13 Estimates of available weighted* mortgage loans and accumulated index of changes in banks lending policy criteria (ZKPK)) Figure 14 Quarterly change of availability of loanfinanced housing per square meter for 7C, strength and direction of the impact of individual components 15% 1% 5% % -5% -1% -15% -2% -25% Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław śr. 7M indeks ZKPK cena wynagrodzenia maks.udział dochodu przezn.na spłatę stopa procentowa kredytowa dostępność mieszkania Note: weighting with the currency structure of the quarterly housing loan increase; since the beginning of 212, practically only zloty (PLN) mortgage loans have been granted. Available housing loan a measure specifying the potential maximum housing loan; expressed as multiplication of the monthly wage in the enterprise sector in a particular market, taking into account banks lending requirements and loan parameters (interest rate, amortization period, minimum wage, as the minimum income after payment of loan instalments). Availability of loan-financed housing a measure specifying how many square meters of housing may be purchased with a mortgage loan obtained basing on the average monthly wage in the enterprises sector in a particular market (CSO), in view of bank s lending requirements and loan parameters (interest rate, depreciation period, social minimum under-stood as the minimum income after payment of loan instalments) at an average transaction price of housing (4% in the primary market and 6% in the secondary market) in a particular market (BaRN). The pace of changes of the index and differences between particular markets provide important information. ZKPK Index accumulated index of changes in banks lending policy criteria; positive values mean the easing, and negative values the tightening of lending policy as compared to the initial period i.e. 23 Q4. Computing methods of the index are described in the Financial Stability Report, December 212, NBP. Source: NBP, GUS. Source: NBP, GUS. 1 Narodowy Bank Polski

13 III 26 II II II II II II II III 26 II II II II II II II I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 15 Estimated housing availability in terms of square meter of housing for an average wage in the enterprise sector 1,1 1,,9,8,7,6,5,4,3 Figure 16 Costs of a housing loan for consumer as deflated with CPI or wage growth in the enterprise sector 8% 6% 4% 2% % -2% -4% -6% -8% Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław śr. 7M Housing availability a measure of potential availability to purchase housing space at the transaction price for an average wage in a particular city. It expresses the number of square meters of housing that can be purchased for an average wage in the enterprise sector in a particular city (CSO), at an average transaction price in a particular market (4% in the PM and 6% in the SM) (NBP). Source: NBP, GUS. Figure17 Profitability of home rental (average in 7 cities) as compared with bank deposits and loans, 1- year Treasury bonds and rate of capitalization of commercial property (offices and retail space) 5, 4,5 4, 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1,,5 nom.st.proc.kred.mieszk.pln real.st.proc.kred.mieszk.pln def. CPI real.st.proc.kred.mieszk.pln dla kred.rns / MDM def.cpi real.st.proc.kred.mieszk.pln dla kred.rns / MDM def.dyn.wynagr.(wyrówn.) real.st.proc.kred.mieszk.pln def. dyn.wynagr.(wyrówn.) Note: values below denote negative real interest rate for the borrower; red lines separate the period of the absence of the government subsidized housing scheme, i.e. RNS (effective till the end of 212) and MDM (launched in 214). Source: NBP, GUS, BGK. najem do dep.gd najem do obl.1l. Note: values exceeding 1 denote higher profitability of purchasing property for rental than other capital investment. This analysis does not take into account high transaction costs in the housing market and potentially long payback periods. Source: NBP, GUS. najem do kred.mieszk.gd najem do kap.nier.kom. 11 Narodowy Bank Polski

14 II II II II II II IV 28 I IV 29 I IV 21 I IV 211 I IV 212 I IV 213 I IV 214 I IV 215 I 24 I 25 I 26 I 23 I 24 I 25 I 26 zmiany kwartalne w mld zł stan w mld zł Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. 3. Disbursement of housing loans, interest rates Figure 18 Balance and quarter-on-quarter changes in housing loan receivables from households after adjustments and the currency structure of quarter-onquarter increases in housing loan receivables (PLN billion) Figure 19 Currency structure of housing loan receivables from households resulting from housing loans (%) walutowe złotowe 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % mieszkaniowe kredyty walutowe po korektach (zm.kw.) (L oś) mieszkaniowe kredyty złotowe (zm.kw) (L oś) stan kredytu mieszkaniowego (P oś) w tym stan kredytu walutowego (P oś) Figure 2 Household housing loans (PLN billion, lefthand scale) and non-performing loans (%, right-hand scale) % 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Figure 21 Estimated ROE on mortgage loans for banks in Poland 8% 6% 4% 2% % -2% -4% -6% -8% 4% 3% 2% 1% % -1% -2% -3% -4% Kredyty hipoteczne mieszkaniowe (L. oś) Wskaźnik kredytów zagrożonych na nier. mieszk. (P oś) Wskaźnik kredytów zagrożonych na nier. mieszk. złotowych (P oś) Wskaźnik kredytów zagrożonych na nier. mieszk. walutowych (P oś) Obciążenie kredytów odpisami Efektywny koszt finansowania kredytów Efektywne oprocentowanie kredytów Skorygowana marża odsetkowa na kredytach ROE (P oś) Note: receivables (loans) with determined loss of value receivables from portfolio B, in relation to which objective premises of loss in value were observed and a decrease in the expected value of future cash flows (in banks using the IFRS) or which were deemed as doubtful receivables in accordance with the Ordinance of the Minister of Finance on establishing provisions against the risk associated with banking activities (in banks using the Polish Accounting Standards). Note: Income and costs related to the mortgage loan portfolio. Estimated ROE (Return on Equity) is calculated as the adjusted interest margin on mortgage loans with respect to the minimum required down-payment (buyer s own contribution) The minimum down-payment requirement is assessed on the basis of LTV estimate derived from the AMRON data and capital requirement for mortgage loans as set by the KNF. The adjusted interest margin is the result of all income being added and all costs being deducted. The effective cost of financing was computed based on the WIBOR rates by adding estimative costs related to bank's own financing. 12 Narodowy Bank Polski

15 I 23 III 23 I 24 III 24 I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II wartość w mld zł liczba w tys. mld zł Miliardy Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 22 New housing loans: value and number in the quarter Figure 23 Territorial structure of the value of new housing loan contracts in Poland 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Note to Figures 24 and 25: the data inform about the signed housing loan contracts and not the actual disbursement of housing loans. Source: ZBP. Source: BIK. Table 1 Estimated gross mortgage loan disbursements to households in Poland and the estimated value of cash and loan-financed purchases of developer housing in 7 largest markets (in PLN million) Date wartość PLN liczba PLN Estimated value of disbursed housing loans in Poland w tym wartość walutowe w tym liczba walutowe Estimated value of housing transactions in the PM in 7 cities Estimated value of disbursed loans with buyer s downpayment for home purchases in the PM in 7 cities Warszawa 6M 1M pozostała Polska Polska (P oś) Estimated value of cash-financed home purchases in the PM in 7 cities Estimated share of Cash-financed home purchases in the PM in 7 cities 212 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q ,.65 Note: the estimates are based on the following assumptions: In the period 212 Q1-214 Q4, the estimated value of newly granted loans in Poland in particular quarters was based on increases in the volume of loans to households adjusted for loan amortization and flows between the foreign currency loan portfolio and the zloty loan portfolio, available in the NBP reporting. The entire banking system was taken into account, including SKOK credit unions. As of 215 Q1 the value of disbursements is based on data collected from banks. In order to calculate the estimated value of the primary market in 7 cities (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Warszawa, Wrocław), the average home price was multiplied by the average home size in square meters and the number of housing units sold (based on REAS data). On the basis of ZBP data it was assumed that the value of newly granted loans for the purchase of housing in the primary markets of 7 cities accounted for 5% of the value of housing loans in those cities, whereas at the end of 213 this share amounted to approx. 57%. The estimated value of cash transactions was calculated as the differences between transactions in 7 markets and disbursements of loans requiring buyer s own contribution (down-payment). 7 cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Warsaw, Wrocław. Data concerning prices for all the periods have been updated. Source: NBP, REAS, ZBP, GUS. 13 Narodowy Bank Polski

16 I 24 III 24 I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II I = 1 I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II I 25 III 25 I26 III 26 I27 I28 II I29 I21 II I211 II I212 II I213 II I214 II II Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 24 Interest rates on housing loans for households in Poland 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% Figure 25 Bank margins (to WIBOR, LIBOR, EURI- BOR 3M) on new housing loans 5,% 4,5% 4,% 3,5% 3,% 2,5% 2,% 1,5% 1,% PLN nowe CHF nowe EUR nowe PLN stany CHF stany Note: foreign currency loans practically ceased to be granted in 212. %PLN-WIBOR3M %CHF- LIBOR3M Serie1 %PLN-st.dep.GD nowe %PLN-st.dep.GD stany Note: bank margin is the difference between housing loan rate (NBP data) and the LIBORCHF3M rate, the EURIBOR3M rate or WIBOR3M rate. 4. Operating profitability on housing and real estate development projects, costs of construction and assembly production and economic situation of real estate developers in Poland Figure 26 Rescaled stock exchange indices: WIG2 and for real estate developers (WIG-DEW) and construction companies (WIG-BUD) (27 Q2=1) Figure 27 Number of bankruptcies in particular sectors (as at the end of the year) WIG2 WIG-DEW. WIG-BUD. Note: harmonized data, 27 Q2 = 1. The WIG index for real estate developers has been recorded since 27 Q Q 1 information as at 16 February 216 Source: Warsaw Stock Exchange. Pozostałe branże Działalność związana z obsługą rynku nieruchomości budownictwo (firmy budowlane) Note: breakdown according to the first entry into the National Court Register (KRS). Data present only those companies against which official bankruptcy proceedings have been conducted; enterprises which have ceased their economic activity through liquidation or suspension of activity have been excluded. Source: Coface Poland. 14 Narodowy Bank Polski

17 IV 24 IV 26 II II II II II II II IV 24 IV 26 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 28 Share of direct construction costs per square meter of the residential building s usable area (type 1121 building 18 ) in the transaction price in the PM) 55% 5% 45% 4% 35% Figure 29 Rate of return on equity from investment projects in the largest cities and the actual rate of return of real estate developers (DFD*) 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% 3% % Gdańsk Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław Gdańsk Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław DFD Note to Figure 31: The estimated rate of return on equity from typical new investment projects assuming the currently applicable interest rates, banks requirements and production costs; calculated on the basis of the diagram included in Annex 3 of the Report on the situation of the Polish market of residential and commercial real estate in 211 DFDs ROE of an average large real development company according to CSO data (employment size =>9 persons). Since 214, NBP s own appraisal of land for housing construction has been used, which has changed the previous estimates, in particular, for Poznań. Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud, GUS (F1). Figure 3 Warszawa structure of price per square meter of housing usable area in the PM (type 1121 building 23 ) to be paid by consumer (PLN/sq.m) Figure 31 Kraków - structure of price per square meter of housing usable area in the PM (type 1121 building 23 ) to be paid by consumer (PLN/sq.m) robocizna materiały sprzęt koszty pośrednie zysk budowlany koszty ogólne projekt ziemia VAT skum.zysk dew. brut robocizna materiały sprzęt koszty pośrednie zysk budowlany koszty ogólne projekt ziemia VAT skum.zysk dew. brut Note to Figure 32-37: until 28 Q1.; data for the years as at the end of Q4 only. Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud, REAS. Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud, REAS. 15 Narodowy Bank Polski

18 I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II I 24 III 24 I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II IV 24 IV 26 II II II II II II II IV 24 IV 26 II II II II II II II IV 24 IV 26 II II II II II II II IV 24 IV 26 II II II II II II II Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 32 Gdańsk structure of price per square meter of housing usable area in the PM (type 1121 building 23 ) to be paid by consumer (PLN/sq.m) Figure 33 Poznań structure of price per square meter of housing usable area in the PM (type 1121 building 23 ) to be paid by consumer (PLN/sq.m) robocizna materiały sprzęt koszty pośrednie zysk budowlany koszty ogólne projekt ziemia VAT skum.zysk dew. brut Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud, REAS. Figure 34 Wrocław structure of price per square meter of housing usable area in the PM (type 1121 building 23 ) to be paid by consumer (PLN/sq.m) robocizna materiały sprzęt koszty pośrednie zysk budowlany koszty ogólne projekt ziemia VAT skum.zysk dew. brut Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud, REAS. Figure 35 Łódź structure of price per square meter of housing usable area in the PM (type 1121 building 23 ) to be paid by consumer (PLN/sq.m) robocizna materiały sprzęt koszty pośrednie zysk budowlany koszty ogólne projekt ziemia VAT skum.zysk dew. brut Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud, REAS. Figure 36 Anticipated changes in the price of construction and assembly production (+M3) and growth in the costs of construction of the residential building s usable area (type 1121 building 23 ) 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % -1% -2% -3% robocizna materiały sprzęt koszty pośrednie zysk budowlany koszty ogólne projekt ziemia VAT skum.zysk dew. brut Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud, REAS. Figure 37 Average cost of construction per square meter of the residential building s usable area (type 1121 building 23 ) in selected markets Przewidywane zmiany cen robót bud.-montaż. (+3M) wg ankiety GUS Dynamika kw/kw faktycznych kosztów budowy wg Sekocenbud Source: NBP based on GUS data (business conditions survey), Sekocenbud. Warszawa 6M 1M Source: NBP based on Sekocenbud. 16 Narodowy Bank Polski

19 II II II II II II I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II tys. zł I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II mln zł mln zł lata Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 38 Economic indicators of Large Real Estate Developers (DFDs) Figure 39 Situation of an average Large Real Estate Developer (DFD) przychody koszty ogółem wynik netto Notes to Figures 4-42: DFD - a large developer employs over 5 persons according to CSO. More recent data not available. Source: NBP based on GUS (F1). Figure 4 Costs of an average Large Real Estate Developer (DFD) bank ziemi projekty w toku Source: NBP based on GUS (F1). mieszkania bank ziemi w latach prod. (P oś) % 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% % zużycie materiałów i energii wynagrodzenia wsk.poz.kosztów (P oś) Source: NBP based on GUS (F1). usługi obce inne Figure 41 Loans to corporations for real estate purchases (in PLN billion, left-hand scale) and the share of loans classified as doubtful loans (in % right-hand scale) % 45% 4% 35% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% % Figure 42 Value of investment transactions (EUR billion) Biura Handlowe Magazyny Pozostałe Kredyty na powierzchnię biurową Kredyty na nieruchomości mieszkaniowe Kredyty na nieruchomości pozostałe Wskaźnik kredytów zagrożonych na nieruchomości mieszkaniowe Wskaźnik kredytów zagrożonych na powierzchnię biurową Wskaźnik kredytów zagrożonych na pozostałe nieruchomości Note: data exclusive of BGK. Source: Comparables.pl. 17 Narodowy Bank Polski

20 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II mieszkania (w tys.) I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II mieszkania w kwartale mieszkania w kwartale I 25 III 25 I 26 III 26 II II II II II II II mieszkania mieszkania w kwartale Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. 5. Residential construction and housing market in Poland s selected cities Figure 43 Structure of residential construction investors in Poland in the first quarters of the years Figure 44 Completed dwellings in Poland, in quarteron- quarter terms Source: GUS. oddane rozpoczęte pozwolenia przeznaczone na sprz. i wyn. indywidualne spółdzielcze pozostałe Figure 45 Dwellings under construction in Poland, in quarter-on-quarter terms 6 7 miast pozostała Polska Note to Figures 46 48: in violet colour only fourth quarters have been marked. Source: GUS. Figure 46 Issued building permits in Poland, in quarter- on-quarter terms miast pozostała Polska 7 miast pozostała Polska Source: GUS. Source: GUS. Figure 47 Home construction indicator in Poland (dwellings under construction minus completed dwellings) and housing permits Figure 48 Number of dwellings put on the market, both sold and offered for sale in Poland s 6 largest markets* wskaźnik pozwolenia na budowę mieszkań Note: moving averages for four subsequent quarters. Source: NBP based on PABB and GUS. wprowadzone w kwartale oferta na koniec kwartału sprzedane w kwartale *Warszawa, Kraków, Tri-city agglomeration of Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia,, Wrocław, Poznań, Łódź. Source: REAS. 18 Narodowy Bank Polski

21 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II mieszkania mkw. / st. proc. Information on home prices and the situation in the housing and commercial real estate market in Poland in 216 Q1. Figure 49 Availability of loan-financed housing versus dwellings sold in Poland s 7 largest cities* (demand and supply estimates) and interest on mortgage loan Figure 5 Housing supply*/, housing demand **/ and home prices in 7 largest cities mieszkania sprzedane 6M kredytowa dostępność mieszkania 7M ważona*/ (P oś) st.proc.kred.mieszk.pln*1 (P oś) 3 okr. śr. ruch. (mieszkania sprzedane 6M) * Gdańsk, Gdynia, Łódź, Kraków, Poznań, Warszawa, Wrocław. Availability of loan-financed housing weighted with the currency structure of the quarterly rise in mortgage loan. Source: NBP based on REAS. Figure 51 Structure of housing supply and demand* for housing with an area 5 sq. m, PM in Poland s selected cities 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % -1% -2% -3% -4% -5% -6% -7% oferta na koniec kwartału (L oś) ceny transakcyjne mieszkań RP (P oś) kredytowa dostępność mieszkania ważona x 1 (P oś) Note: */supply = surplus of housing supply in 6 largest markets in Poland), **/demand= housing loan availability in square meters (x1 Source: NBP based on REAS. Figure 52 Structure of housing supply and demand* for housing with an area > 5 sq. m, PM in Poland s selected cities 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % -1% -2% -3% -4% Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław śr. 6M Note: Figure 53 presents, in percentage terms, a short-term mismatch in the primary market between supply (developers housing offer) and the estimated demand (housing transactions) in terms of the dwelling s size, according to the data from the BaRN database. The mismatch is calculated as the ratio of the share of housing units with usable area of up to 5 square meters offered for sale to the number of transactions involving housing units with a total area of up to 5 square meters (the average figure for the last four quarters). The positive result (above the black line) indicates a surplus of housing of this particular size, whereas the negative result indicates a shortage thereof. Figure 54 is parallel. Figures are parallel, but they concern the secondary market only. Figure 53 Structure of housing supply and demand* for housing with an area 5 sq. m, SM in Poland s selected cities 3% 2% 1% % -1% -2% -3% -4% -5% -6% Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław śr. 6M Figure 54 Structure of housing supply and demand* for housing with an area > 5 sq. m, SM in Poland s selected cities 12% 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% % -2% Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław śr.7m Gdańsk Gdynia Kraków Łódź Poznań Warszawa Wrocław śr.7m 19 Narodowy Bank Polski