FONTES ARCHAEOLOGICI POSNANIENSES

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1 M U Z E U M A R C H E O L O G I C Z N E W P O Z N A N I U FONTES ARCHAEOLOGICI POSNANIENSES ANNALES MUSEI ARCHAEOLOGICI POSNANIENSIS VOL. 41 POZNAŃ 2005

2 Rada Redakcyjna MAREK CHŁODNICKI, MICHAŁ KOBUSIEWICZ, HANNA KÓČKA KRENZ Redaktor naczelny MAREK CHŁODNICKI Recenzenci MICHAŁ KOBUSIEWICZ, HANNA KÓČKA - KRENZ JANUSZ OSTOJA - ZAGÓRSKI Redaktor tomu TOMASZ KASPROWICZ Adres redakcji ul. Wodna 27, Poznań tel./fax: muzarp@man.poznan.pl Teksty angielskie JACEK KABACIŃSKI, ROMUALD SCHILD IWONA OKUNIEWSKA NOWACZYK, ZOFIA ZIÓŁKOWSKA ISSN Muzeum Archeologiczne w Poznaniu Nakład 600 egz. Fotonaświetlanie, montaż, druk i oprawa Wydawnictwo Poznańskie Spółka z o.o. ul. Fredry 8, Poznań

3 Spis treści MICHAŁ KOBUSIEWICZ: Profesor Lech Krzyżaniak ( )... IWONA OKUNIEWSKA-NOWACZYK: Stan badań palinologicznych w południowo-zachodniej Wielkopolsce... Palynological investigations in SW Great Poland... JACEK KABACIŃSKI, ROMUALD SCHILD: The Hamburgian Site at Mirkowice: A Chronological Framework... Stanowisko kultury hamburskiej w Mirkowicach: ramy chronologiczne... PRZEMYSŁAW BOBROWSKI, ANDRZEJ KRZYSZOWSKI: Badania powierzchniowe i sondażowe na terenie kopalni kruszywa w Mściszewie, gm. Murowana Goślina... Flint inventories from surface and survey investigations in the aggregate mine in Mściszewo, Murowana Goślina district... JACEK KABACIŃSKI, IWONA SOBKOWIAK-TABAKA: Osadnictwo kultury pucharów lejkowatych i kultury amfor kulistych w Mirkowicach, stanowisko 33, gm. Mieścisko, pow. Wągrowiec, woj. wielkopolskie... A settlement of Funnel Beaker culture and Globular Amphorae culture in Mirkowice, site 33, near Mieścisko, Wągrowiec region, Wielkopolska voivodship... MACIEJ KACZMAREK: Grób skrzynkowy ludności kultury pomorskiej z Mylina, gm. Chrzypsko Wielkie, pow. międzychodzki (stan. 1, AZP 47 21/169)... A stone cist grave of the Pomeranian culture population from Mylin, Chrzypsko Wielkie district, near Międzychód (site 1, AZP 47-21/169)... TOMASZ SKORUPKA: Cmentarzysko ciałopalne ze schyłku okresu halsztackiego i początku starszego okresu przedrzymskiego w Głuchowie, stan. 1, woj. wielkopolskie... Incinerary cemetery from the close of the Hallstatt period and the beginning of the Pre-Roman Period, Głuchowo, site 1, Wielkopolska voivodship... ARTUR REWEKANT: Analiza antropologiczna ludzkich szczątków kostnych z cmentarzyska w Gołuchowie, woj. wielkopolskie... JERZY FOGEL: Gołuchowska kolekcja archeologiczna Działyńskich i Czartoryskich. Zabytki krajowe suplement)... The Gołuchów archaeological collection of the Działyński and Czartoryski families. Domestic artefacts. (a supplement)... ANDRZEJ KRZYSZOWSKI: Wyniki dwóch sezonów badań wykopaliskowych w Sługocinku (stan. 1 i 13), w pow. konińskim... Results of two excavation research seasons in Sługocinek (sites 1 and 13), Konin district... MICHAŁ KARA, MAREK KRĄPIEC: Wyniki analiz dendrochronologicznych zabytkowego drewna z wybranych grodów najstarszego Państwa Piastów.(Trzeci etap projektu badawczego)... The results of 2003 archaeo-dendrological research of selected early mediaeval fortified settlements in the area of historical Wielkopolska... GRZEGORZ TESKE, JANUSZ TOMALA: Badania archeologiczne castrum w Ołoboku pod Kaliszem... Archaeological investigation of the castrum in Ołobok near Kalisz... EWA PAWLAK, PAWEŁ PAWLAK: Ratownicze badania w Dopiewie, pow. poznański (stan. 28) w 2002 roku... Rescue research in Dopiewo, near Poznań, (site 28) in ANDRZEJ M. WYRWA: Prahistoryczne i średniowieczne ślady osadnictwa w rejonie Drawska, gm. loco, woj. wielkopolskie... Prehistoric and mediaeval traces of settlement in the Drawsko region, loco district, Wielkopolska voivodship... ELŻBIETA WYRWIŃSKA, JAROSŁAW WYRWIŃSKI: XVII wieczne piece garncarskie ze Śmigla... 17th century kilns from Śmigiel... ANDRZEJ PYDYN: Wyniki systematycznych penetracji podwodnych w rejonie Jeziora Powidzkiego (województwo wielkopolskie)... Results of systematic underwater penetration in the region of Powidzkie Lake (Wielkopolska voivodship)... ZBIGNIEW BARTKOWIAK, JARMILA KACZMAREK: Skarby zapomniane. Wykopaliska monet w archiwum Muzeum Archeologicznego w Poznaniu... The forgotten treasures Coin finds in the archives of the Poznań Archaeological Museum... BARBARA KIRSCHKE: Odzyskana kolekcja... A recovered collection

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5 Fontes Archaeologici Posnanienses Vol. 41 Poznań 2005 The Hamburgian Site at Mirkowice: A Chronological Framework. JACEK KABACIŃSKI 1 ROMUALD SCHILD 2 Stanowisko kultury hamburskiej w Mirkowicach: ramy chronologiczne The excavations at the Mirkowice site recovered one of the earliest human settlement known from the Polish Lowland. The settlement is related to the so called Hamburgian Technocomplex and is one of the very few known up to now from Poland. The site is situated in the western part of the Polish section of the North European Plain, north of the maximal end moraines of the Vistulian (Fig. 1). It is located in an inconspicuous, masked channel that makes a part of an alluvial system of glacial troughs and valleys that formed a southeastern tributary of the Toruń - Eberswalde ice marginal stream valley (pradolina). In the area of site the landscape is slightly undulating with gentle slopes, a flat valley hosting of the unnamed, ditched stream and a prominent semi linear, complex dune to the south that may stand up to 10 m above the surrounding flats. A very northern end of that dune was a place where the settlement of the Hamburgian Technocomplex was recorded. Six years of fieldwork delivered close to 3 thousands flints in total grouped in four at least partly contemporaneous concentrations. The industry is very typical for the Hamburgian, with predominance of several tool types like burins (mostly on truncation), end-scrapers on blades with retouched sides, extremely numerous perforators including Zinken, shoulder points and combined tools (for details see Chłodnicki. M. & J. Kabaciński 1997; Kabaciński et al. 1999). Fig. 1. Location of the Mirkowice site (white star). Dotted line marks the maximal extension of the last ice-sheet at the Polish Lowland Except of lithics a fire-place was found within Concentration 1 build up mostly of used stone tools. Here, between and below burnt stones tiny charcoal fragments and several dozens of burnt tiny animal bones were discovered, some of which later identified as hare (Lepus sp.), pike (Esox lucius L.) and carp (Cyprinidae) (Kabaciński et al. 1999). 1 2 Jacek Kabaciński, Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polska Akademia Nauk Oddział w Poznaniu, ul. Rubież 46, Poznań, kabay@man.poznan.pl. Romuald Schild, Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, al. Solidarności 105, Warszawa.

6 16 Jacek Kabaciński, Romuald Schild Within stream valley adjacent to the settlement area a developed sequence of mineral and biogenic deposits was recorded that witness changes of the environment from the Late Pleniglacial through all the Late Glacial up to the beginning of Holocene (Kabaciński et al. 2002). The main events recorded within that sequence are as follows (counting from the bottom Fig. 2): channels sands (Bed 3) at the base seem to witness to drainage of the ice sheet melt water toward the Toruń -Eberswalde pradolina. Than a phase of heavy eolian activity follows and results in the development of large, thick dunes (Bed 4). That eolian sands dam the valley and lakes develop in the dammed sections of the valleys. In the first phase the lakes seem to be rather deep with dominating mineral deposition followed by biogenic gyttja with calcium carbonate precipitation (Bed 5). At the end the lake rapidly shallows out depositing coarse wooden detritus mostly of Hippophaë fragments (Bed 7). An A/C initial soil forms in the top of the dune during the phase of lake developments. Another eolian phase succeeds the lake (Bed 8). It is followed by the deposition of gyttjas in oxbow lakes (Beds 9 & 10). Finally, a bog with pit deposition forms in the valley (Bed 12). Eighteen radiocarbon age estimates have been obtained both from the biogenic and the mineral deposits at Mirkowice 33 (see Table 1). Basically, the dates are erratic end seem to fall within largely similar time range; although all of the ages from biogenic sediments come from single pieces of wood, floral macro-remains or a piece of charcoal. In the early lake (Bed 5) the ages range from 16,550 ± 320 (Gd-10876) years BP to 11,010 ± 100 (UtC- 8619) years BP. In the late lake (Bed 7) the estimates cover a time span from 12,870 ± 190 (Gd-10544) years BP to 10,210 ± 120 (UtC-8617) years BP. The ages from the oxbow range from 13,110 ± 200 (Gd- 1072) years BP to 330 ± 210 (Gd-9666) years BP. The samples from the fossil soil (Bed 8) are either mid Holocene or recent in age. Analyzing Table 1 and Figure 3 that present callibration of the Late Glacial samples that is clear that most of the AMS ages on floral macro-remains are consistently younger that the traditional ones on large pieces of wood. One may postulate that the samples have been rejuvenated by percolation of younger carbon in humic acids and/or water. In this case the macro-remains would be more prone Fig. 3. Mirkowice 33. Calibrated radiocarbon and TL dates to rejuvenation because of their very small size. If this is the case, the samples from the oxbow gyttjas should be not so much rejuvenated as the ones from the early lakes. The youngest ages from the oxbow most probably come from much later roots. Certainly the ages for the samples from the fossil soil are too young for their stratigraphic placement. Like in most of the shallow fossil soils many phenomena (roots, burrowing animal, humic acids, etc.) are responsible for younger ages of the samples. Charcoals submitted for analysis were taken from the area around the fireplace in Concentration 1, the same from which burnt bones were dated lately in Groningen Laboratory 3. The date ± 70 BP - is the only one that directly dates the age of the Hamburgian settlement at Mirkowice. New TL dates from the beach zone of the site fit into the general geomorphological episodes estabilished on the base of radiocarbon chronology and follow stratigraphical sequence recorded at the site but don t make it more precise. The first date ± BP (GdTL-652) was made on the lowed dune sands (Bed 4). The second one ± 600 BP (GdTL-651) dates the formation of calcareous silt (Bed 5), while the third date The authors would like to express warm thanks to dr. Jan Lanting for making AMS analysis of burnt bones from Mirkowice.

7 The Hamburgian Site at Mirkowice: A Chronological Framework 17 Table 1. Mirkowice 33. Radiocarbon dates form the site. Sample name Lab. No. Stratygraphic position Material dated Radiocarbon years BP Remarks Mirkowice_33-M_24a UtC-8618 calcareous gyttia (5a) /calcareous flakey silt (5) Single charcoal ± 200 AMS date Mirkowice_33-M_24b UtC-8619 calcareous gyttia (5a) /calcareous flakey silt (5) Seed of Hippophae rhamnoides 11010± 100 AMS date Mirkowice 272/98 Gd calcareous gyttia (5a) /calcareous flakey silt (5) event. a very bottom of coarse detritus gyttia (7) Single wood branch ± 320 Mirkowice 353/98 Gd calcareous gyttia (5a) /calcareous flakey silt (5) event. a very bottom of coarse detritus gyttia (7) Single wood branch 12400± 230 Mirkowice 33-12/96 Gd coarse detritus gyttia (7) Single wood branch 12870± 190 Mirkowice_33-M_175 UtC-8493 coarse detritus gyttia (7) Single charcoal 12260± 70 AMS date Mirkowice 33-9/96 Gd-7851 coarse detritus gyttia (7) Single wood branch 12160± 80 Mirkowice 303/98 Gd coarse detritus gyttia (7) Single wood branch 11950± 110 Mirkowice_33-M_22c UtC-8617 coarse detritus gyttia (7) Leaf of Salix cf. polaris 10210± 120 AMS date Mirkowice_33-M_21 UtC-8598 Lens of sand over the coarse detritus gyttia (7a) Seed of Hippophae rhamnoides 10930± 80 AMS date Mirkowice 97/98 Gd Sandy top of coarse detritus gyttia (7) or very bottom of greyish brown silty calcareous gyttia (10) Single wood branch ± 200 Mirkowice 304/98 Gd Sandy top of coarse detritus gyttia (7) or very bottom of greyish brown silty calcareous gyttia (10) Single wood branch 11850± 180 Mirkowice 33/1/2001 GrA From the fire place (concentration 1) Burnt animal bones ±70 AMS date Mirkowice 33 6A/96 Gd-9652 greyish brown silty calcareous gyttia (10) Wood several twigs 8020 ± 150 From flotation Mirkowice 33 4/96 Gd-9666 Light brown calcareous gyttia (11) Single wood branch 3380 ± 210 Mirkowice 33 1/97 Mirkowice 33-14/97 Mirkowice_M-2/29/97 Gd-9885 Gd-9875 UtC-8492 Palaeosoil within sandy part of the site, from around the fire place Palaeosoil within sandy part of the site, from around the fire place (concentration 1) Palaeosoil within sandy part of the site Numerous charcoals Numerous charcoals collagen horse teeth (premolar) 6900 ± ± ± 32 ± 520 BP (GdTL-650) was made on sands of the upper dune (Bed 8). Last TL sample was taken from the palaeosoil recorded within the top part of the dune sands (Bed 4) in the place where concentration 1 occurred. It gave the age ± 1300 BP and seems to be well correlated with the TL date made on lower dune sands in the peatbog. Summing up above consideration, the chronology of the Late Glacial sequence at Mirkowice even if well defined within the Late Glacial range - seems to be very unclear. To make it more readible it is necesarry to conduct a precisely controled AMS dating program based on new material taken from the Mirkowice peatbog.

8 References: CHŁODNICKI, M. & J. KABACIŃSKI Mirkowice another settlement of the Hamburgian Culture at the Polish Plain, Przegląd Archeologiczny 45: KABACIŃSKI, J., B. BRATLUND, L. KUBIAK, D. MAKOWIECKI, R. SCHILD & K. TOBOLSKI The Hamburgian settlement at Mirkowice: recent results and research perspectives, Folia Quaternaria 70: KABACIŃSKI, J., R. SCHILD, B. BRATLUND, L. KUBIAK-MARTENS, K. TOBOLSKI, K. VAN DER BORG & A. PAZDUR The Lateglacial Sequence at the Hamburgian Site at Mirkowice: Stratigraphy and Geochronology, w B. V. Eriksen, B. Bratlund (red.), Recent studies in the Final Palaeolithic of the European plain: Jutland Archaeological Society Publicationsvol. 39. Aarhus. Stanowisko kultury hamburskiej w Mirkowicach: ramy chronologiczne Streszczenie Badania w Mirkowicach odsłoniły pozostałości osadnicze kultury hamburskiej, związanej z najwcześniejszym epizodem osadniczym rejestrowanym na Niżu Polskim. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia kompletny zestaw datowań radiowęglowych i termoluminestencyjnych w relacji do stratygrafii stanowiska i jego geomorfologii. Pośród oznaczeń radiowęglowych zawarta jest data wykonana z przepalonych kości zwierzęcych pochodzących z ogniska. Data ta ± 70 lat radiowęglowych BP jest jedną z niewielu bezpośrednich oznaczeń związanych z kulturą hamburską.

9 JACEK KABACIŃSKI, ROMUALD SCHILD The Hamburgian Site at Mirkowice: A Chronological Framework Fig. 2. Mirkowice 33. Stratigraphy of the site (1 - Very fine and fine aluvial sands, grey (7.5 YR 5/0) - Pleniglacial; 2 - boulder clay with erratic boulders, sandy, heavily cryturbated, greishblue (7.5 YR 5/0), top erosionally truncated - Pleniglacial; 3 - coarse sands and gravels, with pebbles and rare eratic boulders, brownish (10 YR 5/3), well visible shallow streem chanell sedimentation, top truncated - Early Late Glacial; 4 - laminated very fine and fine sands, aeolian, light brown (10YR 6/3) - Lower dune, Early Late Glacial; 5 - calcareous silt, heavily reduced, grey (10 YR 5/1), conspicuously laminated, cryturbated, with sand admixture growing to the dune and finally transformed into (5a) - Oldest Dryas?; 5a - sandy silt, changed to the S into laminated dune beach with lamines of sandy silt, light brown (2.5 Y 6/2, very fine beach sands between 2.5 Y 6/2 and 2.5 Y 7/2) - Oldest Dryas?; 6 - lense of very fine aluvial sand - Late Glacial; 7 - thick-detrytus gyttia with small twigs and plants fragments, dark brown (5YR 3/3), with fine charcoal fragments, sandy in the southern part where truncated by deflation Bölling (GI-1e), C14 - see Fig. 5; 8 - fine and coarse aeolian sands, from brownish to yellowish (10 YR 5/3 to 10 YR 5/4), in the northern part without lamination, in the southern part fine and laminated. Coarse mostly within the beach zone - Upper dune - Older Dryas (GI-1d); 9 - calcareous gyttia, sandy, with snail shells and plant remains, interfingering with upper dune (layer 8) in beach zone, dark beige (10 YR 5/2). Lenses of gyttia within sands of the dune beach Alleröd (GI-1a-c); 10 - calcareous gyttia, slightly sandy, with snail shells and plant remains, light beige (10 YR 5/2) Alleröd (GI-1a-c); 11 - peat, very gark brown (10YR 2/2) - Holocene; 12 - palaeosoil, black, truncated by a modern plowing; 13 - hardpan horizon brown-redish (5 YR 5/6) - Holocene; 14 - sandy peat, plowing zone - modern. MICHAŁ KARA, MAREK KRĄPIEC Wyniki badań archeo-dendrochronologicznych wybranych grodzisk wczesnośredniowiecznych z terenu historycznej Wielkopolski, przeprowadzonych w roku 2003 Ryc. 6. Kórnik-Bnin, stan. 1, gm. loco. Drewniane umocnienia gruntu odkryte na północno-wschodnim przedpolu tzw. fermety, w wykopie sondażowym nr II/2003. Zaznaczono fragmenty drewna wydatowane dendrochronologicznie (dendrodaty w Anno Domini). (Fot. M. Kara)