Nanostruktury krystaliczne

Transkrypt

1 Nanostruktury krystaliczne 1. Nanotechnologia na codzień 2. Prawo Moora i jego konsekwencje a) Więcej! Szybciej! Taniej! b) Wyzwania i problemy 3. Nanotechnologie a) CO? a) Studnie, druty, kropki b) JAK? a) Top-down, czyli (nano)technologia b) Bottom-up, czyli samoorganizacja c) Bio-technologia IBM 36 atomów kobaltu na podłożu z miedzi tworzy korale kwantowe. Elektrony na powierzchni miedzi oddziałują z atomem kobaltu umieszczonym w ognisku elipsy tworząc kwantowy miraż.

2 Nanotechnologie CO? Studnie, druty, kropki JAK? Top-down, czyli (nano)technologia Bottom-up, czyli samoorganizacja

3 Bottom-up

4 Wydział (nano)chemii UW

5 Synteza kropek kwantowych

6 Wytwarzanie koloidalnego CdS metodą odwróconej micelli Związki wyjściowe: wodne emulsje jonów w fazie organicznej H 2 O Stabilizator organiczny Cd 2+ heptan + S 2- heptan zmieszanie S 2- Cd 2+ reakcja CdS heptan wymiana stabilizatora CdS CdS CdS CdS usunięcie rozpuszczalnika CdS heptan

7 Zdjęcie SEM zawiesiny koloidalnej CdS otrzymanej w wyniku reakcji CdCl2 z tioacetamidem jako źródłem jonów S 2-

8 Zdjęcia TEM nanostruktur z CdSe o rozmiarach 7 nm x 7 nm (A), 7 nm x 30 nm (B) i 7 nm x 60 nm (C) otrzymanych z (CH 3 ) 2 Cd +TOPO + (TMS) 2 S. W.U.Huynh, J. J. Dittmer, A. P. Alivisatos, Science, 295 (2002) 2425 P O P O P O CdS O P TOPO O P O P O P TOP TOPO + [TOP+(TMS) 2 S] + [TOP+ (CH 3 ) 2 Cd]

9 Synteza kropek kwantowych CdSe/ZnS 1-10 nm

10 Energia ogniwa sloneczne Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (also called CIGS) compound semiconductor solar electricity conversion efficiency of 12.8%

11 Zdjęcie STM polimeru przewodzącego (poli(3,4- dialkoksytiofenu) otrzymanego elektrochemicznie Zdjecie SEM poli(3-heksyltiofenu) otrzymanego chemicznie

12 Nanorurki, nanowąsy i kropki TiO2 nanotube materials ZnO nanocząstka Au Nanorurka Si DNA

13 Kropki kwantowe + bio A PbSe Quantum Dot as seen through a transmission electon microscope (TEM).

14 Kropki kwantowe + bio Science, Vol 300, Issue 5616, 80-81, 4 April 2003

15 Kropki kwantowe + bio Science, Vol 300, Issue 5616, 80-81, 4 April 2003

16 Magnetyczne QD s Jacek Szczytko Michał Bystrzejewski, Andrzej Huczko, Hubert Lange

17 Synteza nanomateriałów Michał Bystrzejewski, Andrzej Huczko, Hubert Lange Wydział Chemii UW, Pracownia Fizykochemii Nanomateriałów

18 Magnetyczne QD s Iron Iron Jacek Szczytko Michał Bystrzejewski, Andrzej Huczko, Hubert Lange

19 Magnetyczne QD s nano-co nano-co Jacek Szczytko Pracownia Fizykochemii Dielektryków i Magnetyków Ewa Górecka, Paweł Majewski, Jadwiga Szydłowska, Adam Krówczyński

20 Ferrofluid

21 Ferrofluid Akademia Górniczo Hutnicza

22 Magnetyczne QD s

23 Magnetic photonic crystals Fe 3 O nm

24 Biologiczne kryształy fotoniczne

25 Magnetic photonic crystals

26 Nanorurki Nanorurki można sobie wyobrazić jako warstwy atomów węgla (takie jak w graficie), które zostały zrolowane. Rozróżniamy orientacje: Armchair Zig-zag Chiral Orientacja jest zdefiniowana przez wektor chiralny (n,m) c h = n a + m b J.Basak, D.Mitra, S.Sinha Carbon nanotube: the next generation sensors presentation Paweł Tomasz Pęczkowski

27 Winda do nieba

28 Winda do nieba

29 Winda do nieba

30 Benzen + CN Nanomaszyny Za wolno Gear Rotation in a Vacuum 200 rot/ns W sam raz Powered Sharf

31 First Synthetic Nanomotor Top view Side schematic 300 nm MWNT shaft Au rotor 300 nm Schematic (top) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image (bottom) of LBNL s synthetic nanomotor. A 300 nm Au plate rotor (R) is attached to a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) which acts as a support shaft and is the source of rotational freedom. Electrical contact to the rotor plate is made via the MWNT and its anchor pads (A1, A2). Three stator electrodes, two on the SiO 2 surface (S1, S2) and one buried beneath the surface (S3), provide the control elements. SEM images showing the rotation of the rotor actuated by applying appropriate voltage sequences to the stators. The MWNT, barely visible, runs vertically through the middle of each frame. The schematic diagrams located beneath each SEM image illustrate a cross-sectional view of the position of the nanotube/rotor-plate assembly. The rotor can rotate through a full 360 degrees for thousands of cycles without apparent degradation or wear. Alex Zettl, 03-7

32 Nano-motor

33 Model for the Kinesin Mechanism ATP ADP + H 2 O + P i adenozynotrifosforan mov-muscmyosinmotrev6.mov mov-procmotconvkinrev5.mov Kinesin is a dimeric motor protein that travels processively towards the microtubule plus end by taking 8 nm steps, which corresponds to the distance between adjacent alpha/beta tubulin binding sites. We have sought to define the structural changes in the motor that explain the direction of movement and the basis of head-head coordination during processive motility.

34 Bio-nano-silnik (ATPaza)

35 Nanoroboty Nano Tech Web

36 Nanoroboty makrofagi

37 Nano-samochód Y. Shira/Rice University They found the nanocar was quite stable on the surface remaining parked until the surface was heated above 170 C - presumably because of strong adhesion between the fullerene wheels and the underlying gold. Flat gold surface was used to prevent the nanocar actually roll around on its fullerene wheels, rather than slip like a car on ice. Between 170 C and 225 C, the researchers observed that the nanocar moved around by translational motion and pivoting. The translational motion was always in a direction perpendicular to the handcar s axle, indicating that it moves by rolling rather than sliding.

38 Nano i bio (gekon)

39 Nano i bio (gekon) 50x

40 Nano i bio (gekon) 6000x

41 Nano i bio (gekon) 6000x Paweł Tomasz Pęczkowski

42 Nano i bio (gekon) Nature 448, (19 July 2007)

43 Nano i bio (gekon)

44 Nano i bio (DNA)

45 Nano i bio (DNA)

46 Nano i bio (DNA)

47 Nano i bio M13 bacteriophage

48 M13 bacteriophage Nano i bio

49 Nano i bio

50 Nano i bio

51 Nano i bio ZnS CoPt

52 Nano i bio

53 Nano i bio

54 Zamiast podsumowania: co dalej? Parowóz dziejów Przez ostatnie 40 lat na badania technologii krzemowej wydano bilion (ang. trillion) USD mili mikro nano

55 Myślimy, że tranzystor jest zbudowany tak. Granice miniaturyzacji? 25 nm MOSFET Produkcja od ,2 nm MOSFET Produkcja??? IEEE Trans Electron Dev 50(9), 1837 (2003)

56 State-of-the-Art: Electronic Circuits Kees Hummelen - University of Groningen From macroscopic to nanoscale electronics copper ( 1 μm) organic molecules ( nm) wire: X Y diode: CH 2 X CH 2 Y Source transistor: (FET) Gate CH 2 C 2 H 5 C 2 H 5 C 2 H 5 barrier: - CH CH 2 CH terminal complex logic elements 3- and 4-terminal junction Drain Jaszowiec

57 Ile bitów na atom? Illustration showing how to transform an electron from its usual state in an atom (a), in which it exists in a cloud of possible positions surrounding the positively charged nucleus (indicated by a plus sign), to a "Trojan state" (f), in which the electron orbits the nucleus like a planet around the sun. The name comes from Trojan asteroids, the asteroids which orbit the sun in the same orbit as Jupiter but in a place either ahead or behind the planet. To create a Trojan electron, researchers would first use laser light to put the electron into a "circular Rydberg state" in which the electron exists in a thin donut of possible positions (b). Then, a microwave beam would subsequently change the shape of the donut (c-e), shrinking the range of possible positions for the electron and ultimately causing the electron to shrink into a small droplet (or alternatively, a shortened sausage) of possible positions. This droplet then orbits the nucleus like a planet around the sun. Although not yet achieved experimentally, researchers believe that current technology could be applied to create Trojan electrons. The figure is not to scale--the circular Rydberg and Trojan states are actually hundreds of thousands of times farther away from the nucleus. In addition, the figure essentially shows just the top half of the probability cloud for the Trojan electron.

58 In recent computer simulations, researchers formed the word "optics" by calculating the electron cloud for a specially prepared n=50 state. In the image above, the intensity of the letters represents the relative probability for finding the electron at that place, and the color denotes the phase (relative point in the cycle) of the electron wave associated with that point in the cloud. (Image courtesy Carlos Stroud, University of Rochester, and Michael Noel.) This research is described by Carlos Stroud and Michael Noel in the April 1999 issue of Optics and Photonics News.

59 Nanotechnologie Brak inwestycji w naukę to inwestycja w ignorancję Festiwal Nauki 2002

60 CENT Center for (Applied) Science and Technology

61 CENT Center for (Applied) Science and Technology

62 Campus Ochota, Warsaw

63 Nano i bio Hanna Boszczyk-Maleszak, Jerzy Kacieszczenko Department of Biology, University of Warsaw Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Ewa Górecka, Adam Krówczyński, Jadwiga Szydłowska studenci: Paweł Majewski Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Structural Research Laboratory Jacek Szczytko, Jacek Gosk, Andrzej Twardowski studenci: Paweł Budzowski, Barbara Witek, Henryk Turski, Michał Feigel Department of Physics, University of Warsaw Division of Solid State Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, TEM: Jolanta Borysiuk ITME

64 Podziękowania Wydział Fizyki UW Zakład Fizyki Ciała Stałęgo Jola Borysiuk, Agnieszka Grabias Institute of Electronics Materials Technology Andrzej Twardowski, Krzysztof Pakuła, Jacek Baranowski, Maria Kamińska, Andrzej Witowski studenci: Kinga Masztalerz, Piotr Juszyński, Tomasz Zakrzewski, Paweł Osewski, Paweł Budzowski, Krzysztof Ptaszyński Division of Solid State, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw Andrzej Majhofer Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw Anna Stonert, Renata Ratajczak The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ)

65 Podziękowania Wydział Chemii prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Chałasiński Pracownia Fizykochemii Nanomateriałów Michał Bystrzejewski, Andrzej Huczko, Hubert Lange Pracownia Elektrochemii Krystyna Jackowska, Magdalena Skompska Pracownia Fizykochemii Dielektryków i Magnetyków Ewa Górecka, Adam Krówczyński, Paweł Majewski, Jadwiga Szydłowska Elżbieta Jagusztyn-Krynicka, Dariusz Bartosik Hanna Boszczyk-Maleszak, Jerzy Kacieszczenko Wydział Biologii, Instytut Mikrobiologii

66 Jaki nowy? Ten ich to ten grat! Internat? Inter net?!! INTERNET!!!

67 (Makro)Kierunek: Inżynieria nanostruktur! a b a,b,c < 100 nm c