REGIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

Transkrypt

1 CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND LOCAL ANALYSES REGIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS 2012 Western Pomeranian voivodship Dr hab. Hanna Godlewska-Majkowska, Ph. D. university professor at the Warsaw School of Economics Agnieszka Komor, Ph.D. Patrycjusz Zarębski, Ph.D. Magdalena Typa, M.A Warsaw, October 2012

2 Introduction This report has been prepared thanks to the application of results of scientific research conducted since 2002 by the Institute of Enterprise, Collegium of Business Administration of the Warsaw School of Economics, under the supervision of Prof. H. Godlewska-Majkowska, Ph.D. All Authors are core members of the team that develops the methodology of calculating regional investment attractiveness in order that important characteristics of regions are captured as closely as possible both in general terms and from a point of view of specificity of a given kind of business activity as well as a size of investment. Potential investment attractiveness (PAI) indices measure the location-specific advantages of regions. In their simplified version they are calculated for territorial units of various levels of statistical division of the country (gminas/communes, poviats/counties, subregions, voivodships/regions). These are PAI1 indices, which refer to the whole regional/national economy (PAI1_GN) and selected sections: C manufacturing industry, G trade and repair, I tourism and catering, M professional, scientific and technical services. Besides, some indices are only calculated for voidoships on the basis of much more characteristics available on the regional or macroregional level. This allows us to evaluate their investment attractiveness in a much broader context. These are PAI2 indices, which are calculated both from a general point of view and with reference to the above mentioned sections of the economy (PAI2_C, PAI2_G, PAI2_I, PAI2_M). What is more, real investment attractiveness ranks are used in this report, which relates to the inflow of capital (in the form of investments) and the effects of investments considered from a point of view of productivity and returns on the outlays previously made. The measurements in use are subject to annual review thanks to consulting them with foreign investor assistance institutions and direct contact to territorial self-government units as well as organisations of entrepreneurs. A description of methodological approach to measuring investment attractiveness of Polish regions, counties and communes can be found online on the Web site of the Institute of Enterprise : on the Web site of the Centre for Regional and Local Analyses, which cooperates with the Institute of Enterprise: as well as in numerous scientific publications and expert opinions. 2

3 1. The profile of regional economy of Western Pomeranian voivodship Western Pomeranian voivodship is characterised by a very good location in view of European markets and Baltic sea countries. Szczecin, the largest city in the voivodship, attracts the highest values of economic potential in the voivodship and has very good transport connections with European highways and seaways. The main advantages of the voivodship are: - an exceptional location which gives an opportunity to use a wide range of means of transport (water, rail, air and road transport) in the business activity, - the voivodship has rich traditions connected with maritime economy (the manufacture of vessels, fisher, coastal tourism), - more than a half of the area of the voivodship is farmland, which gives a chance of investments in and development of agriculture and food industry, - favourable natural conditions of the development of tourism (Baltic Sea, Wałeckie and Drawskie Lake Districts), - potential investment attractiveness shows particular advantages for investment in tourism, mainly in voivodship s coastal area and Drawskie and Wałeckie Lake Districts, - huge possibilities of renewable energy production (energy plants, wind farms), which combined with the development of tourism means that Western Pomeranian voivodship may become a symbol of sustainable development with the use of modern technologies supporting regional economy. Chart 1. General characteristics of the economy of Western Pomeranian voivodship Feature Western Pomeranian voivodship Poland Share [%] Market Potential GDP per capita (PLN/person) in 2009 Population (persons) on 31 December ,939 35,210-1,722,739 38,538, Human Resources Potential Higher education institutions graduates (persons) in 2011 Secondary schools graduates (persons) in 2011 Number of employed persons on 31 December , , , , ,273 13,911, % 3

4 Structure of employed persons in 2011 agriculture 7.5% industry 30.6% services 61.9% agriculture 12.7% industry 30.6% services 56.7% Investment outlays and capital of companies with foreign capital participation in the voivodship Investment outlays (PLN mln) in , , Capital of companies (PLN mln) in , , Special economic zones (SEZs) in the voivodship - The Kostrzyn-Słubice SEZ, subzones: Barlinek, Goleniów, Gryfino, Karlino, Police, Łobez, Białogard (city) - The Mielec SEZ, subzone: Szczecin (city) - The Pomeranian SEZ, subzone: Stargard Szczeciński (city) - The Słupsk SEZ, suczones:: Koszalin (city), Szczecinek (city), Wałcz (city) Investment attractiveness Potential investment attractiveness (location-specific advantages evaluation) Real investment attractiveness (economic effects evaluation) Tourism class A National economy class C Professional science and technological activities class C Poviats and gminas distinguished according to the Potential Attractiveness Index for the national economy Poviats Gminas** Class A Class B Class A Class B Koszalin (city), Szczecin (city), Police Kołobrzeg, Świnoujście (city) Rewal (2), Kołobrzeg (1), Police (3), Dobra (Szczecińska) (2), Darłowo (1), Szczecin (1), Koszalin (1), Kołobrzeg (2), Międzyzdroje (3), Stargard Szczeciński (1), Świdwin (1), Szczecinek (1), Stepnica (2), Dziwnów (3), Świnoujście (1), Ustronie Morskie (2), Wałcz (1), Białogard (1), Mielno (2), Sławno (1), Gryfino (3), Drawsko Pomorskie (3), Goleniów (3), Nowogard (3), Nowe Warpno (3), Kołbaskowo (2), Dębno (3) Złocieniec (3), Trzebiatów (3), Kobylanka (2), Barlinek (3), Kalisz Pomorski (3), Karlino (3), Kamień Pomorski (3), Choszczno (3), Sianów (3), Biesiekierz (2) In 2009 Western Pomeranian voivodship made a contribution of 3.9% to the GDP of Poland.. Calculated per capita, it amounted to PLN 30,939 with the average for Poland PLN 35,210. With this result the voivodship occupies the seventh place in the country. The GDP growth rate in the period amounted to 147,7%, while the national average reached 168.5%. In comparison with the whole country the structure of employment in the voivodship is characterised by a relatively high share of the service sector (61.9%) whereas a share of the agricultural and industrial sectors is respectively 7.5% and 30.6% (CSO, RDB 2012). The number of inhabitants of the voivodship amounts to 1,722,739 (as of 2011), which makes up 4.5% of the population of Poland. The age structure of the voivodship in 2010 was as follows: 15.8% of the population at pre-reproductive age, 69.3% at reproductive age and 16.0% at post-reproductive age (for Poland, respectively, 15.1%, 68.1% and 16.8%). The 4

5 registered unemployment rate in the voivodship in August 2012 was 16.5%, compared to 12.4% in Poland 1. The average gross monthly remuneration in enterprises sector in the first six months of 2012 amounted to PLN 3,278.2, which is 88.9% of average remuneration in Poland. The main potential for human capital creation in the voivodship is constituted by 22 higher education institutions in which 67.5 thousand students study, which makes up 3.9% of all students Poland-wide. Moreover 4.0 % of pupils of secondary schools attend technikum schools and 4.4% vocational schools. The voivodship's strategic sectors mentioned in the strategy of regional development include above all: maritime economy, industry, tourism, well-developed commercial and virtual services, computer industry, telecommunications, IT services, biotechnology, genetic technologies, consulting services, knowledge services and the development of telemetry. Preferential conditions of conducting business activities are offered in this voivodship i.a. by the following 3 special economic zones (in Polish: Specjalne Strefy Ekonomiczne, hence abbreviation SSE): - Kostrzyńsko Słubicka (Kostrzyn-Słubice special economic zone), subzones: Barlinek, Goleniów, Gryfino, Karlino, Police, Łobez, the city of Białogard, - Mielecka SSE (Mielec special economic zone), subzone: the city of Szczecin, - Pomorska SSE (Pomeranian special economic zone), subzone: the city of Stargard Szczeciński, - Słupska SSE (Słupsk special ecomonomic zone), subzone: the city of Koszalin, the city of Szczecinek, the city of Wałcz. 2. Region s rank in terms of investment attractiveness in Poland Western Pomeranian voivodship is characterised by a below-average level of universal investment attractiveness, which demonstrates itself in its rank (Class D) according to the main potential investment attractiveness index for the whole national economy PAI 2_GN (see Exhibit 1 in the Appendix). However it is distinguished by its relative potential investment attractiveness for hotels and restaurants section (Class A). On the basis of less developed PAI, which disregard the questions of research and development and social capital, it's worth to indicate above-average investment attractiveness ranks for the whole regional economy (based on PAI1_GN the voivodship received Class C), as well as for industry (Class C) and trade and repairs (Class C) and professional, scientific and technical activities (Class C). Investment attractiveness for touristic projects and restaurants based on PAI1_I got Class A, which is the highest. Investment attractiveness can also be determined on the basis of indices of real investment attractiveness (RAI), based on such microclimates as: returns on tangible assets, labour productivity, self-financing of self-government territorial units and investment outlays - see Exhibit 2 in the Appendix. The region ranked above the average in terms of RAI indices 1 The unemployment rate in voivodships, subregions and poviats in August 2012 is based on the data of Central Statistical Office. 5

6 for the national economy (Class C), hotels and restaurants (Class C) and professional, scientific and technical activities (Class C). Potential and real investment attractiveness in reflected in the decisions of investors on the flows of capital. This is shown in Exhibit 1. Western Pomeranian region took the tenth place when it comes to the investment outlays in companies in The share of the voivodship in country's population was 4.4%, while its share in national investment outlays in companies was 3.52%. This applies both the investment outlays in industrial and construction companies (3.95%) and services (2.8%). Only in the agriculture did the voivodship reach a high position, as the share of Western Pomeranian companies' share in the total investment outlays of all companies in this sector equaled 8.95% in Exhibit 1. Regional structure of investment outlays in the companies in 2010 in comparison with the share in the population (percentage of country s population) 40% 35% 30% 25% Population according to the domicile (persons) Investment outlays in the companies in total Investment outlays in the industrial and construction companies Investment outlays in the companies in the service sector 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Note: these are the most up-to-date data. Source: Authors on the basis of the Local Data Bank (downloaded ) This all indicates that the economic potential of this region is underestimated by investors. This conclusion is based on the analysis of accumulated share capital in the companies with foreign capital participation - see Exhibit 2. In 2010 the Western Pomeranian voivodship had only 2.45% of basic capital of companies with foreign capital participation (national capital was 1.4% and foreign capital - 2.7%). This is not much in view of 4.4% share in Poland's population. In the years the voivodship increased its competitive position on the market of direct foreign investments from 2.13% to 2.45% - see Exhibit 3. 6

7 Exhibit 2. Regional structure of capital in the companies with foreign capital participation in comparison with a share in population (% national population) 60% 50% 40% 30% Population according to the domicile (persons) Share capital (equity) in the companies with foreign capital participation National capital in the companies with foreign capital participation Foreign capital in the companies with foreign capital participation 20% 10% 0% Note: these are the most up-to-date data. Source: Authors on the basis of the Local Data Bank (downloaded ) Exhibit 3. Regional competitive rank in terms of investments with foreign capital participation according to the value of share capital of the companies with foreign capital participation in 2003 and 2010 (percentage of national representation) 60,00% 50,00% 40,00% 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0,00% Source: Authors on the basis of the Local Data Bank (downloaded ) 7

8 At the same time competitive position expressed as a number of employees of the companies with foreign capital participation decreased from 3.32% to 3.2%. This was caused by lower growth dynamics of employees working in this kind of companies registered in Western Pomeranian voivodship in comparison to the rest of the country. Within the voivodship the number of employees increased from to , which means it grew by 32%, while on average in Poland it increased by 37%. An opportunity for Silesian voivodship lies in neatly prepared investment offers. Selfgovernment units of Silesian voivodship should seek opportunities in careful preparation of offers of investment areas in accordance with their location-specific advantages. 3. Internal diversification of regional investment attractiveness Poviats (counties) The following poviats are considered most attractive in Western Pomeranian voivodship: the city of Koszalin, the city of Szczecin, policki, kołobrzeski, the city of Świnoujście - see Chart 2. Chart 2. Potential investment attractiveness of poviats of Western Pomeranian voivodship for the national economy and selected sections PAI1_GN PAI1_GN PAI1_C PAI1_G PAI1_I PAI1_M policki 0,341 A A A B A The city of Szczecin 0,336 A A A A A The city of Koszalin 0,332 A A A A A The city of Świnoujście 0,305 B B B A B kołobrzeski 0,301 B B B A B goleniowski 0,271 C C D C C drawski 0,269 C D C C D kamieński 0,266 C C C A D szczecinecki 0,263 C C C C C Source: Authors own materials. Enumerated poviats, apart from: gryficki, szczeciniecki, stargardzki, kamieński, goleniowski and drawski poviat, characterize high investment attractiveness The following poviats should be distinguished: the city of Szczecin and city of Koszalin as units attained Class A in their potential investment attractiveness for all sections of the national economy under scrutiny in this research. In reference to the sections mentioned below the following poviats should be additionally distinguished: - szczecinecki, goleniowski, kamieński, (Class C) for section C, - drawski, koszaliński, szczecinecki, kamieński (Class C) for section G, - drawski, szczecinecki, goleniowski (Class C) for section I, - szczecinecki, goleniowski (Class C) for section M. 8

9 Synthetic evaluation of potential investment attractiveness of poviats of Western Pomeranian voivodship is presented in Exhibit 4. Exhibit 4. Spatial diversification of potential investment attractiveness of poviats of Western Pomaranian voivodship with consideration of the most attractive sections Source: Authors own materials. Gminas (counties) Like poviats, gminas are also very much diversified in terms of investment attractiveness. The highest ranked gminas are: Białogard (1), Drawsko Pomorskie (3), Kołobrzeg (1), Kołobrzeg (2), Ustronie Morskie (2), Mielno (2), Darłowo (1), Sławno (1), Szczecinek (1), Świdwin (1), Wałcz (1), Koszalin (1), Rewal (2), Dębno (3), Stargard Szczeciński (1), Szczecin (1), Goleniów (3), Nowogard (3), Stepnica (2), Gryfino (3), Dziwnów (3), Międzyzdroje (3), Dobra (Szczecińska) (2), Kołbaskowo (2), Nowe Warpno (3), Police (3), Świnoujście (1). It is also reflected in their high ranks (Class A or B) for all analysed sections see Chart 3. 9

10 Chart 3. Potential investment attractiveness of gminas of Western Pomeranian voivodship for the national economy and selected sections Gmina PAI1_GN PAI1_GN PAI1_C PAI1_G PAI1_I PAI1_M Rewal (2) 0,312 A A A A A Kołobrzeg (1) 0,276 A A A A A Police (3) 0,273 A A A A A Dobra (Szczecińska) (2) 0,268 A A A A A Darłowo (1) 0,268 A A A A A Szczecin (1) 0,261 A A A A A Koszalin (1) 0,259 A A A A A Kołobrzeg (2) 0,253 A A A A A Międzyzdroje (3) 0,253 A A A A A Stargard Szczeciński (1) 0,252 A A A B A Świdwin (1) 0,250 A A A A A Szczecinek (1) 0,250 A A A A A Stepnica (2) 0,243 A A A A B Dziwnów (3) 0,243 A A A A B Świnoujście (1) 0,240 A A A A A Ustronie Morskie (2) 0,238 A A A A B Wałcz (1) 0,238 A A A B A Białogard (1) 0,238 A A A C A Mielno (2) 0,235 A A A A B Sławno (1) 0,234 A A A D A Gryfino (3) 0,231 A A B B A Drawsko Pomorskie (3) 0,228 A A A A B Goleniów (3) 0,227 A A B B A Nowogard (3) 0,227 A A C C A Nowe Warpno (3) 0,227 A A B A C Kołbaskowo (2) 0,226 A A A A A Dębno (3) 0,223 A B C D A (1) urban commune, (2) rural commune, (3) rural-urban commune Source: Authors own material. Attractive are also such gminas which belong to Class B according to the PAI1_GN index as: Karlino (3), Kalisz Pomorski (3), Złocieniec (3), Biesiekierz (2), Sianów (3), Choszczno (3), Trzebiatów (3), Barlinek (3), Kobylanka (2), Kamień Pomorski (3). The location-specific advantages are also universal in these gminas, which makes them attractiveness for all kinds of business activity in question. In reference to the sections mentioned below the following gminas of Class C should be distinguished: - Czaplinek (3), Wierzchowo (2), Będzino (2), Manowo (2), Świeszyno (2), Biały Bór (3), Borne Sulinowo (3), Szczecinek (2), Połczyn-Zdrój (3), Mirosławiec (3), Choszczno (3), Recz (3), Myślibórz (3), Pyrzyce (3), Łobez (3), Resko (3), Osina (2), Stare Czarnowo (2), Wolin (3) - for section C, 10

11 - Czaplinek (3), Wierzchowo (2), Będzino (2), Biesiekierz (2), Manowo (2), Świeszyno (2), Postomino (2), Biały Bór (3), Brzeżno (2), Mirosławiec (3), Choszczno (3), Recz (3), Gryfice (3), Dębno (3), Pyrzyce (3), Łobez (3), Nowogard (3), Osina (2), Cedynia (3), Stare Czarnowo (2) - for section G, - Białogard (1), Czaplinek (3), Ostrowice (2), Wierzchowo (2), Złocieniec (3), Rymań (2), Bobolice (3), Malechowo (2), Sławno (2), Szczecinek (2), Brzeżno (2), Człopa (3), Mirosławiec (3), Barlinek (3), Nowogródek Pomorski (2), Maszewo (3), Nowogard (3), Stare Czarnowo (2), Kamień Pomorski (3) - for section I, - Karlino (3), Czaplinek (3), Kalisz Pomorski (3), Wierzchowo (2), Dygowo (2), Gościno (2), Będzino (2), Manowo (2), Sianów (3), Biały Bór (3), Borne Sulinowo (3), Połczyn- Zdrój (3), Sławoborze (2), Mirosławiec (3), Drawno (3), Pełczyce (3), Recz (3), Myślibórz (3), Łobez (3), Resko (3), Osina (2), Mieszkowice (3), Stare Czarnowo (2), Wolin (3), Nowe Warpno (3) - for section M. Synthetic evaluation of potential investment attractiveness of gminas of Western Pomeranian voivodship is presented in Exhibit 5. Exhibit 5. Potential investment attractiveness of gminas of Western Pomeranian voivodship Source: Authors own materials. 11

12 4. Voivodship s institutional support for investors and entrepreneurs The development of business surrounding in a region is a vital component of its investment attractiveness. The institutions that support entrepreneurship, pro-investment solutions, research commercialization and innovativeness are of special importance. Among the voivodeship s business-supporting institutions one should mention: Szczeciński Park Naukowo - Technologiczny Sp. z o.o., Regionalne Centrum Innowacji i Transferu Technologii in Szczecin, Zachodniopomorska Agencja Rozwoju Regionalnego in Szczecin, Koszalińska Agencja Rozwoju Regionalnego, Stargardzki Park Przemysłowy, Park Przemysłowy Police, Goleniowski Park Przemysłowy, Zachodniopomorski Regionalny Fundusz Poręczeń Kredytowych in Szczecin, Fundusz Wspierania Rozwoju Gospodarczego Miasta Szczecina, Szczeciński Fundusz Pożyczkowy, Zachodniopomorskie Stowarzyszenie Rozwoju Gospodarczego Szczecińskie Centrum Przedsiębiorczości, Stowarzyszenie Inicjatyw Społeczno Gospodarczych in Białogard, Fundacja Centrum Innowacji i Przedsiębiorczości in Koszalin, Północna Izba Gospodarcza in Szczecin, Centrum Biznesu w Koszalinie, Regionalne Centrum Informacji Europejskiej in Koszalin, Zrzeszenie Kupców i Przedsiębiorców w Koszalinie, Koszalińska Izba Przemysłowo-Handlowa, Polska Fundacja Przedsiębiorczości in Szczecin, Zachodniopomorski Klaster Budowlany, Stowarzyszenie Zachodniopomorski Klaster Chemiczny "ZIELONA CHEMIA" in Szczecin, Stowarzyszenie Zachodniopomorskie Drewno i Meble w Koszalinie, Transgraniczny Klaster Turystyczny Szlak wodny Berlin-Szczecin-Baltic Sea. Szczeciński Park Naukowo - Technologiczny Sp. z o.o. (Szczecin Research and Technology Park LLC) offers an incubation programme which includes office space renting, advice on preparing a business plan, on establishing contacts with business partners and investors (business angels, loan funds, investment funds, venture capital, seed capital), training services (managerial, IT), mailing services and an access to a closed discussion group for Park members, which contains information on current events and regional business services offers. The centre offers promotion services (website and other media publications) and the Technopark Expansion Programme. The programme is available to all Park members and offers consulting services (on business management, acquiring external funding, legal advice), PR services. What makes the Park unique is that it organises events, during which entrepreneurs have a chance to meet and exchange experience. The Park runs the ICT Pomorze Zachodnie Cluster, which offers trainings, promotion, consulting and other services aimed at development of local IT companies. (spnt.pl/, ). Regionalne Centrum Innowacji i Transferu Technologii in Szczecin (Regional Innovation and Technology Transfer Centre in Szczecin) offers a possibility of examining a business idea, advice on preparing a business plan, organises meetings with potential investors and helps to promote businesses. The Centre houses the Enterprise Europe Network (EEN), which offers access to its database of technology containing demands and offers from all industries. It also offers consulting related to EU matters (available financing sources, applying for EU funding, EU regulations and research programmes). The Centre runs the Public Procurement Consulting Spot, which advises on acquiring financing in the EU (mainly in Germany) as well as trainings and individual consultations. It also offers access to crucial documents and websites related to public procurement in the EU. There is also the Environment Consultation Spot, which offers advice on norms and regulations enforced in the EU. ( ). 12

13 Special economic zones in Western Pomeranian voivodship - effects There are four economic zones (SSE) in Western Pomeranian voivodeship: Pomorska, Słupska, Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka and Mielecka. At the end of 2011 the areas of SSE were part of 6 cities and 6 gminas (counties). (Exhibit 6). Exhibit 6. The location of SSE in Western Pomeranian voivodship Source: proprietary calculations. First SSE were established in The enterprises operating in the zones have until 2011 invested 2,7 billion PLN which constitutes 3% of all economic zone capital expenditures in Poland. In the same period the enterprises have created 4,8 thousand jobs, which constitutes 3% of all new jobs created in economic zones - cf. Chart 4. 13

14 Chart 4. Effects of special economic zone functioning at the end of SSE/ Gmina Leading industries (capital expenditure larger than 20% of overall capital expenditure in the subzone) New jobs created Cumulated capital expenditure in million PLN Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE, Barlinek (3) Wood products ,7 Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE, Białogard (1) Data unavailable Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE, Goleniów (3) Chemicals ,5 Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE, Gryfino (3) 0 0,0 Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE, Karlino (3) Wood products ,3 Słupska SSE, Koszalin (1) Car windows production, metal products, textiles, logistics ,5 Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE, Łobez (3) Data unavailable Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE, Police (3) Chemicals 0 1,8 Pomorska SSE, Stargard Szczeciński (1) Tires and metal ,8 Mielecka SSE, Szczecin (1) Data unavailable Słupska SSE, Szczecinek (1) Wood products, electronics ,8 Słupska SSE, Wałcz (1) Charcoal, metal products, aluminium processing ,5 Source: Authors own calculations based on PAIiIZ data. The largest investments are located in Stargard Szczeciński (BRIDGESTONE Stargard sp. z o.o., CARGOTEC Poland sp. z o.o.) and in Barlinek (BARLINEK INWESTYCJE SP. Z O.O.) According to SSE development plans the voivodeship wishes to attract investors: - Planning to take advantage of existing post-shipyard areas and of qualified Staff in Szczecin agglomeration by investing in metal and electro-technical industries in Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE, - From metal, machinery and electro-technical industries able to utilise investment areas and considerable workforce resources of Szczecin agglomeration in Mielecka SSE, - From metal, machinery and electronics industries in Pomorska SSE, - From metal, machinery, electro-technical industries and logistics services in Słupska SSE. 14

15 A Commune Student Scientific Organisation for Entrepreneurship and Regional Analyses affiliated to the Institute of Enterprise of the Warsaw School of Economics, has again published the results of its research into the quality of investor assistance given by the communal authorities. The subject of this study of investment attractiveness is: an audit of Web sites and audit of e-contact in Polish and English with communal authorities. The effect of this study is a ranking A Commune, which is thought to distinguish best performing self-government territorial units in terms of the use of means of electronic communication in their assistance. The research is carried out using the mystery client method. In this year s edition all gminas belonging to Class A according to the PAI 2010 index were subject to query. As a result 70 gminas have been distinguished; this includes 5 gminas situated in Westren Pomeranian voivodship. Chart 5. Gminas in Western Pomeranian voivodship distinguished as A Communes Gmina Poviat Audit of Web sites Audit of e- contact in Polish Audit of e- contact in English Sum Police (3) policki 8, ,5 Szczecin (1) Szczecin Świnoujście (1) Świnoujście Koszalin (1) Koszalin Goleniów (3) goleniowski 9 0 3,5 12,5 Source: Authors own materials. What makes the Web sites of all communes in question is their presence in social media networks and foreign language versions (prevalence of the German language). In e-correspondence Koszalin and Police gave names and telephones of persons in charge of questions raised in s. Goleniów i Szczecin were the only of the enlisted distinguished gminas which replied in English and soon after the enquiry, within 1 and 3 days respectively. 15

16 5. Region s strengths and weaknesses Western Pomeranian voivodship has its unique character and clear specificity which influences its strengths and weaknesses. If divided according to the main factors of location and location conditions classified into microclimates composing potential and real investment attractiveness, they can be grouped into strengths (microclimates ranking A, B or C) and weaknesses (microclimates ranking D, E or F) see Chart 6. Chart 6. Strengths and weaknesses of Western Pomeranian voivodship Strengths of the region according to the microclimates by IP SGH National economy Microclimate Technical Infrastructure Class A Microclimate Social Infrastructure Class C Labour productivity in enterprises Class A Self-financing of self-government units Class B Investment outlays Class C Capital intensive industry Microclimate Human Resources Class C Microclimate Technical Infrastructure Class A Microclimate Social Infrastructure Class B Self-financing of self-government units Class B Labour intensive industry Microclimate Technical Infrastructure Class A Microclimate Social Infrastructure Class C Self-financing of self-government units Class B Trade Weaknesses of the region according to the microclimates by IP SGH Microclimate Human Resources Class D Microclimate Social Capital Class E Microclimate Market Class D Microclimate Administration/Governance Class D Microclimate Innovativeness Class F Returns on tangible assets Class F Profitability of enterprises Class F Microclimate Social Capital Class E Microclimate Market Class D Microclimate Administration/Governance Class E Microclimate Innovativeness Class F Returns on tangible assets Class F Labour productivity in enterprises Class E Investment outlays Class E Microclimate Human Resources Class D Microclimate Social Capital Class E Microclimate Market Class E Microclimate Administration/Governance Class E Returns on tangible assets Class F Labour productivity in enterprises Class E Investment outlays Class E Microclimate Human Resources Class B Microclimate Social Infrastructure Class D Microclimate Technical Infrastructure Class B Microclimate Social Capital Class E Self-financing of self-government units Class B Microclimate Market Class E Microclimate Administration/Governance Class D Returns on tangible assets Class D Labour productivity in enterprises Class D Investment outlays Class E Tourism 16

17 Microclimate Technical Infrastructure Class A Microclimate Social Infrastructure Class A Microclimate Market Class A Microclimate Administration/Governance Class C Self-financing of self-government units Class B Microclimate Human Resources Class E Microclimate Social Capital Class E Returns on tangible assets Class F Labour productivity in enterprises Class F Investment outlays Class D Professional, scientific and technical activities Microclimate Human Resources Class C Microclimate Technical Infrastructure Class A Microclimate Social Infrastructure Class C Returns on tangible assets Class B Labour productivity in enterprises Class B Self-financing of self-government units Class B Microclimate Social Capital Class E Microclimate Market Class D Microclimate Administration/Governance Class E Microclimate Innovativeness Class F Investment outlays Class F Source: Authors on the basis of the results of research of the Institute of Enterprise of the Warsaw School of Economics (IP SGH). 17

18 Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna regionów 2012 APPENDIX Exhibit 1. Potential investment attractiveness of Polish voivodship broken down by basic sections of the national economy Source: Authors own materials. 18

19 Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna regionów 2012 Exhibit 2. Real investment attractiveness of Polish voivodship broken down by basic sections of the national economy Source: Authors own materials. 19

20 Voivodship LOWER SILESIAN KUYAVIAN-POMERANIAN LUBLIN LUBUSZ ŁÓDŹ LESSER POLAND MASOVIAN OPOLE SUBCARPATHIAN PODLASKIE POMERANIAN SILESIAN ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE WARMIAN-MASURIAN GREATER POLAND WESTERN POMERANIAN Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna regionów 2012 Chart 1. List of investment attractiveness indices for voivodships PAI1 GN A E F C D C A E D E B A F D B C PAI2 GN A E F D C B A D D E C A F E C D RAI GN A D F E B C A C F F B B E E B C PAI1 C A D F C C C A D E E B A F E C C PAI2 C KAPITAŁ A E F D D B A D D E B A F F C E PAI2 C PRACA B D F D C B A E E F C A E E C D RAI C A D F D D C A D F F B A D E B E PAI1 G A E F C D B A D E F B A F C C C PAI2 G B C F E C B A D E E C A F E B D RAI G C C F E B C A C E F C B E F B D PAI1 I B E F B E B A E D E B D F B C A PAI2 I A E F C E B A E E E B D F C C A RAI I B C E E A E A E E E E C E B C D PAI1 M A E F C D C A D D F B B F D B C PAI2 M A E E D D C A D D E C B F E C D RAI M A D E D D C A D F F C A F E B C Source: Authors on the basis of the results of statutory research carried out in the Collegium of Business Administration under the guidance of H. Godlewska-Majkowska. 20

21 Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna regionów 2012 Chart 2. Potential investment attractiveness of poviats of Western Pomeranian voivodship for the national economy and selected sections Poviat PAI1_GN PAI1_GN_ PAI1_C_ PAI1_G_ PAI1_I_ PAI1_M_ klasy klasy klasy klasy klasy policki 0,341 A A A B A The city of Szczecin 0,336 A A A A A The city of Koszalin 0,332 A A A A A The city of Świnoujście 0,305 B B B A B kołobrzeski 0,301 B B B A B goleniowski 0,271 C C D C C drawski 0,269 C D C C D kamieński 0,266 C C C A D szczecinecki 0,263 C C C C C gryficki 0,261 D D D A D sławieński 0,259 D D D A D wałecki 0,252 D D D D D stargardzki 0,249 D D D D D myśliborski 0,245 D D D D D koszaliński 0,245 D D C A D Source: See Chart 1. 21

22 Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna regionów 2012 Chart 3. Potential investment attractiveness of gminas of Western Pomeranian voivodship for the national economy and selected sections Gmina (commune) PAI1_GN PAI1_GN_classes PAI1_C_ classes PAI1_G_ classes PAI1_I_ classes PAI1_M_ classes Rewal (2) 0,312 A A A A A Kołobrzeg (1) 0,276 A A A A A Police (3) 0,273 A A A A A Dobra (Szczecińska) (2) 0,268 A A A A A Darłowo (1) 0,268 A A A A A Szczecin (1) 0,261 A A A A A Koszalin (1) 0,259 A A A A A Kołobrzeg (2) 0,253 A A A A A Międzyzdroje (3) 0,253 A A A A A Stargard Szczeciński (1) 0,252 A A A B A Świdwin (1) 0,250 A A A A A Szczecinek (1) 0,250 A A A A A Stepnica (2) 0,243 A A A A B Dziwnów (3) 0,243 A A A A B Świnoujście (1) 0,240 A A A A A Ustronie Morskie (2) 0,238 A A A A B Wałcz (1) 0,238 A A A B A Białogard (1) 0,238 A A A C A Mielno (2) 0,235 A A A A B Sławno (1) 0,234 A A A D A Gryfino (3) 0,231 A A B B A Drawsko Pomorskie (3) 0,228 A A A A B Goleniów (3) 0,227 A A B B A Nowogard (3) 0,227 A A C C A Nowe Warpno (3) 0,227 A A B A C Kołbaskowo (2) 0,226 A A A A A Dębno (3) 0,223 A B C D A Złocieniec (3) 0,217 B B B C B Trzebiatów (3) 0,212 B B B A B Kobylanka (2) 0,212 B B B A B Barlinek (3) 0,212 B B B C B Kalisz Pomorski (3) 0,211 B B B B C Karlino (3) 0,207 B B B B C Kamień Pomorski (3) 0,207 B B B C B Choszczno (3) 0,204 B C C D A Sianów (3) 0,203 B B B B C Biesiekierz (2) 0,203 B B C A B Source: See Chart 1. Note: all indices in this report have been computed on the basis of the most up-to-date data from the Local Data Bank (2012). 22