POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK ZAKŁAD BADANIA SSAKÓW A C T A T H E R I O L O G I C A Vl. V, 14. BIAŁOWIEŻA 20. XI. 1981 T. PESHEV & G. GEORGIE V Studies in the Txnmy i Sme Ppultins i Apdemus sylvticus (Linneus, 1758) in Bulgri Hdui nil tksnmiką niektórych ppulcji Apdemus sylvticus (Linneus, 1758) z Bultjrii [W ith 11 tbles nd 1 mp! I. Objectives nd methd f wrk 185 II. Brief dt but the plces frm which the mteril ws cllected 186 III. A systemtic survey 187 1. Review f literture 187 2. A systemtic elbrtin 188 ) Txnmic chrcteristics f the ppultin 190 b) A vritinl-sttisticl cmprisn with Apdemus sylvticus sylvticus 192 c) A cmprisn with A. sylvticus dichrurus 194 IV. Cnclusins 200 V. Summry 200 References. 201 Streszczenie 201 I. OBJECTIVES AND METHOD OF WORK N studies n the txnmy f Apdemus sylvticus (Linneus, 1758) in this cuntry hve been mde up t the present. We find brief dt but the bilgy f this rdent in the ppers f Psplev, Mrtin & Peshev (1952), Mrkv (1953; 1954) nd Petrv (1954). The present wrk ims t giving the txnmic chrcteristics f sme ppultins f A. sylvticus in Bulgri nd ls t determining their exct systemtic psitin.
186 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev Txnmic descriptin hs been mde ccrding t the fllwing smtmetry nd crnilgicl mesurements: length f the hind ft, height f the er, cndylbsl length nd zygmtic bredth f the skull. The indices fully chrcterize the given ppultins. Bimetric methds hve ls been used fr bservtins n the dt n cndylbsl length, zygmtic bredth f the skull nd the hind ft. These three indices hve ls been used s dignstic f A. sylvticus. The fllwing frmuls hve been used fr cmprisn f the bimetric chrcteristics: fr the stndrd errr f the difference between the tw mens = nii^ + ni 2 nd fr the mximl errr f the difference A t m ll2. The vlues f t re clculted in ll cses f the 5-per centlevel f significnce. Studies were mde f 214 specimens fr the fllwing plces: Sherb" Stte Gme-Breeding Frm ner the villge f Grzdev, District f Vrn 63; Cherepish Mnstery (Blkn Muntins) 18; ICtel Blkn Muntins (twn f Ktel) 16; District f Sfi (Vitsh nd Lzen Muntin) 38; villge f Sreburn, District f Silistr 39, nd Strndj Muntin 40. II. BRIEF DATA ABOUT THE PLACES FROM WHICH THE MATERIAL WAS COLLECTED 1. Sherb" Stte Gme-Breeding Frm. It is lcted suthwest f the villge f Grni Chiflik in the Estern Blkn Muntins. Altitude bve se-level 150 m. Rcks sndstnes nd limestnes (Lwer Chlk nd Upper Jur). Sil light grey frest, deeply crbnte. 2. Cherepish Mnstery. (Western Blkn Muntins in the Isker Grge). Altitude bve se-level 240 260 m. Rcks limestnes (Lwer Chlk). 3. Twn f Ktel. (Ktel Blkn Muntins). Altitude bve se-level but 525 m. Rcks limestnes, mrls, clystne (Tris), sndstnes, qurtzites (Jur). Sil slightly pdzl cinnmn frest; sndy nd stny in plces. 4. District f Sfi. (Lzen Muntin nd the vicinity f the villge f Drglevtsi (Drglevski Mnstery). ) Lzen Muntin Germnski Mnstery. Altitude bve se-level 770 m. Rcks cly-mrl limestnes, sndstnes, cnglmertes (Tris nd Jur); ndesyte nd tuffs, cly limestnes (Cenzic); snds, clys nd cnglmertes (Tertiry). Sil slightly wshed cinnmn frest. b) Villge f Drglevski Drglevski Mnstery. Altitude bve selevel 1040 m. Rcks ndesytes nd tuffs (Cenzic). Sil slightly pdzl cinnmn frest. 5. Villge f Sreburn. Situted nt fr frm the twn f Silistr. Altitude bve se-level but 40 m. Rcks limestnes nd sndstnes (Srmt); less (Pleistcene). Sil lluvil nd deluvil medwy; slightly wshed nd wshed blck erth.
Txnmy f A. sylvcticus in Bulgri 3 6. Strndj. Altitude bve se-level 250 t 450 m. Rcks grndirytes, grnite, mrbles, qurtzites, sndstnes, phyllites (Tris nd Jur). Sil slightly wshed nd wshed cinnmn frest 1 ). III. A SYSTEMATIC SURVEY 1. Review f literture It is necessry, thugh very briefly, t glnce t the histry f the prblem frmed by the study f systemtiztin f frest mice. Miller (1912) hs ccepted tht A. sylvticus nd A. flvicllis exist s independent species. Wettstein (1925) expressed dubt s t their independence (fter M r t i n, 1933), nd cnsidered tht flvicllis is nly vriety f sylvticus. Eight yers lter O. Wettstein renunced his frmer views (Wettstein, 1933). GREECE Fig. 1. The plce f cptures f A. sylvticus. 1 Drglevsky Mnstery, 2 Lzen Muntin, 3 Cherepish Mnstery, 4, 5, 6 Strndj Muntin, 7 Sherb" Stte Gme-Breeding Frm, 8 Villge f Sreburn, 9 Twn f Ktel. M r t i n (1933), thugh cutiusly, supprted M i 11 e r's view by writing: Nevertheless, it is mre prbble tht Miller is right tht these re tw species, since quite yung nd smll specimens f A. flvicllis lredy hve cmprtively big ft, which is chrcteristic f this species". J ) The plces f the cptures re mrked in the mp. Dt n rck nd sil cmpsitin re tken frm the Sil Atls f the Peple's Republic f Bulgri, Sfi, 1956.
188 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev In 1935 Scheffer expressed Wettstein's view f 1925 by nming the unique species sylvticus" nd ccepted flvicllis" s n eclgicl rce". Lter Zimmermnn (1936) nd Stein (1938) (fter Heptner, 1940) unequivclly prved the independence f the tw species. We hve nt herd discussins n this prblem fr lng time. All uthrs ccept the tw frms s seprte species. In his wrk f 1940 Heptner cites number f uthrs wh dmit trnsitinl" frms between A. sylvtlcus nd A. flvicllis nd he himself reprts such trnsitinl" frms in the Crime. In ur persnl crrespndence which we hd with Heptner in 1959, he writes tht he mintins his view f 1940. Lu kin (1957) ls mentins tht the identifictin f frest mice in the Cucsus presents gret difficulty. We must mentin tht in ur cuntry specimens ccur with cmbined indices (Sfi District, Ktel, Strndj, etc.) which mke it impssible fr us t refer them ctegriclly either t the ne r t the ther species. Tht is why we shre the pinin expressed by Heptner, Lukin.. s t the existence f bth species nd the pssibility f crss-breeding between them, thus prducing mixed frms. The specimens with cmbined indices hve nt been tken int cnsidertin in the present wrk. The cmplexity f the prblem set by the systemtic situtin f A. sylvtlcus is further incresed by the gret plsticity displyed by this species. This is ls brne ut by the numerus subspecies nd frms f this species described (Miller, 1912; M r t i n, 1933; Vingrdv & Grm v, 1952,..). 2. A systemtic elbrtin Frm the preliminry cmprisn f seprte ppultins f Apdemus sylvticus in Bulgri with ther subspecies f frest muse, s fr described, it hs been estblished tht ur specimens re clsest t Apdemus sylvticus sylvticus (Linneus, 1788) nd A. s. dichrurus (Rfinesque, 1814). This clseness mde it necessry t crry ut mre detiled investigtins by cmpring the mteril f A. sylvticus studied with the subspecies A. s. sylvticus nd A. s. dichrurus. On the ther hnd, we must nte tht the rnges f these tw frms re situted very clse t ur cuntry. The cmprisns were mde n the bsis f dt supplied by Miller (1912) nd Mrtin (1933). The dt n crnilgicl mesurements lne re tken frm Miller. He des nt give smtmetric indices.
i Txnmy f A. sylvcticus in Bulgri 189 D S +1 0.12 I 4- r\ 00 x- r- r- i- O r- O Ô O Ô Ó O Height f the Er Ö B + i S 0. 69 0.16 1 1 <-\ t- Ô Jł 5 1 "ń 1 «0. 69 0.20 17.0 1.14 0.27 16.2 1.06 0.17 16.5 1.10 0.19 15.9 0.94 0.12 16.5 1.05 0.17 15.1 > xi *-> s) % 1 t- 1 t> G + 1 Ö E +» s 0. 08 0.50 0.12 20.9 0.11 0. 79 0.15 22.2 >.-1 I CO 1 «Zygmtic Bredth B + i Ö e +> 2 r\ \0 O Ô O ô r- ir> ô 0.04 12.7 ô 0. 08 12.4 0.04 0.51 0.06 0.07 0. 51 0.10 I-» T- ry (-» CO C-- -i O 0\ r- O \û r\ 0.11 2.43. 0.63 0.20 1.18 0.28 0.13 1.19 0.19 0.09 0.76 0.13 0.05 0.56 0.07 0.09 0.77 0.12 r- ^ <\ł r> cg r\ 0 ł- m c c m <"> \ r- r- r\ r\ \0 r~\ 0. 08 0.45 0.11 13.3 0.04 0.25 0. 06 13.0 0. 06 0.54 0.09 13.2 0. 06 0.52 0. 08 13.2 0. 06 0. 62 0.08 12.7 0. 07 0.57 0. 09 12.7 Ö CO T- O if\ VO CD 00 O O CO r- r- O jt «O r> M D S + 1 fc> 0. 04 0. 72 0.11 0. 63 0.08 0. 09 n C- r Ó 0.15 0.83 0.10 0.58 0.10 0.83 0.10 0.90 0.07 0.79 0.15 1.26 H m - 0 H 1 K 8 + ' S 0. 06 23.1 0.15 22.5 c c n r- 0.11 0.14 -J- r\ r> \0 CO 0.22 23.8 0.14 23.6 0.13 23.5 0.14 23.8 0.10 22.7 0.20 23.0 VO c c R> CD r\ v ^^^^ Mesurement Ppultin Af ter Miller After Mrtin A. s. sylvticus After Miller After Mrtin A. s.dienrurus Kątel Cherepish Sfi District Strndj n 1 3 H O >» H CO 4-» <. (U > Sherb Sreburn
190 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev ) Txnmic chrcteristics f the ppultin. In rder t differentite between the txncmic chrcteristics f the seprte ppultins, we first estblished the men dimensin nd the men stndrd devitin with their respective stndrd errrs (m M nd m G ) n the bsis f the indices: cndylbsl length, zygmtic bredth, length f the hind ft nd height f the er (Tble 1). While the stndrd devitin () gives us the bslute degree f dispersin, the cefficient f vritin (V), whse vlues re given in tble 2, indictes the reltive degree f dispersin in percentges, mkes it pssible fr us t cmpre this dispersin in the vrius ppultins. In ur cse the lwest degree f dispersin is displyed by the Cherepish ppultin n the bsis f the zygmtic bredth nd the highest by the Ktel ppultin n the bsis f the hind ft. The resns fr the differences in the vlues f V in the vrius ppultins, s well s their explntin, re beynd the scpe f ur wrk. These vlues, hwever, cn be used fr cmprisn with ther ppultins f A. sylvticus. The vlues f Persn's cefficient f skewness (S) fr the degree f symmetry s given in tble 3. Cndylbsl length: Specimens f dimensins greter thn the typicl nes predminte in the ppultins f A. s. sylvticus fter Miller, nd A. s. dichrurus fter M r t i n, frm Ktel, the Sfi District nd Strndj, while specimens f dimensins smller thn the typicl nes predminte in the remining ppultins. The Cherepish ppultins exhibit tendency t symmetricl distributin rund the typicl dimensins. Zygmtic bredth: Specimens f dimensins greter thn typicl predminte in the ppultins f A. s. dichrurus fter Miller nd M r t i n frm Cherepish nd Sherb. Specimens f A. s. sylvticus fter M r t i n re symmetriclly distributed in the ppultins f A. sylvticus fter Miller frm Ktel, the Sfi District, Strndj nd Sreburn. The situtin is nlgicl fr dt in respect f the fllwing indices: length f the hind ft nd height f the er. The results in tble 4 ls shw tht we re deling with ppultins in which the vlues f the cefficients f the crreltin between the cndylbsl length nd the zygmtic bredth f the skull re fund with cmprtively nrrw limits (frm
Txnmy f A. sylvcticus in Bulgri 191 Tble 2. Vlues f the cefficient f vritin V (in /). ^^^Ppul^tlm^ Mesurement Cndylbsl length Zygmtic bredth Length f the hind ft Height f the er Ktel si 10 H QJ u O Sfi Distr: Ö m b *-> i/i»h 01.i ; t Sreburn After Miller A. s. sylvticus A. s. dichrurus After Mrtin A. s. sylvticus A.S. dichrurus 3 70 2 46 3.53 3 78 3.50 5.50 3.10 4.20 2.80 2.95 3 40 1 92 4. 08 3 94 4.90 4.48 3.70 3.83 2.80 3.90 10 70 5 25 5.36 3 41 2.50 2.77 - - - 3.56 4.06 7.04 6.42 6.92 5.70 7.00 - - 4.60 4.65 Tble 3. A cmprtive tble f the degree f symmetry n the bsis f the vlues f S. After Miller After Urtln XI IO Ppultin H P. i-t A.s. A.s. A.s. A.s. «1 0) h +» Mesurement sylvticururuticururus M dlch- sylv- dich- V si O CJ ^ H + <M 10 O -H CO Q Cndylbsl length +0.42-0. 58-0.95 +1.00 +0.67 0.00 + 0.60 +0.33-0.51-1.13 Zygmtic -0. 64 +0.98 0.00 +0.19-0.22 +0.40-1.11-0. 58 +0.80 bredth -0.17 Length f the hind ft - - - + 0.25 +0.29-0.41 +0.17 +0.40 +0.36-0.90 Height cf the er - - -0.72 +0.96 0.00-0.26-0.47-0.09 +0. 53-0.38 (S c t u m <3 h m si t Sreburn Tble 4. Cefficients f the c-vritin between the cndylbsl length nd the zygmtic bredth. After Miller After Mrtin t 3 +» t+> <0 10 3 tn ^. M < si t 3 O. -H t +» 1«< > H >> t A.s. dichrurus Ktel 0.82 0.90 0.78 0.72 0.85 0.70 0.90 0. 78 0.79 0.86 Cherepish Sfi District Strndj Sherb Sreburn 0.70 t 0.90). These limits give us grunds fr thinking tht the ppultins with which we re wrking belng t ne nd the sme species. The resn fr the differences, which re nevertheless bserved in the numericl vlues f the cefficient f the
192 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev crreltin in the vrius ppultins is prbbly t be fund in the unequl bi-eclgicl cnditins, strictly specific fr the individul ppultins, which hve influenced the develpment f the rgnisms in generl nd mre prticulrly the develpment f the cndylbsl nd zygmtic bnes. In sme f the ppultins Ktel, Sfi District, Sreburn nd fter Miller, they hve been mre fvurble nd hve strengthened the fundmentl determintive dependence, nd in thers Cherepish, Strndj, Sherb nd Yugslvi, they hve decresed it slightly. The dt indicted in tble 4 my be used s cmprtive indices in the descriptin f ther ppultins f A. s. sylvticus nd A. dichrurus. Nturlly, the resns which cnditin the difference re f cmplex chrcter nd we culd nt pssibly determine them. This, hwever, my cnstitute subject t be discussed in nther wrk. The dt presented in the preceding tbles enble us t frm picture f the seprte ppultins frm txnmic spect, n the ther hnd t cmpre these ppultins ccrding t the respective indices, nd finlly t scertin the purity f the ppultin. b) A vritinl-sttisticl cmprisn with A. s. sylvticus. As shwn bve, it becme necessry t cmpre the ppultins studied with the bsic frm A. s. sylvticus, the mre s s the preliminry cmprisns brught sme f ur ppultins clser t it. It is necessry t nte, hwever, tht the dt n A. s. sylvticus fund in the wrks f Miller nd M r t i n, ccrding t sme mesurements (cndylbsl length nd zygmtic bredth) d nt crrespnd t ech ther. The specimens frm the representtive mteril f Miller shw dimensins which re greter thn thse f Mrtin (Tble 1). The differences bserved re sttisticlly significnt (Tble 5). We cnnt pssibly determine here wh f the tw uthrs is right, but these differences mde us cmpre ur ppultins seprtely with thse f Miller nd Mrtin. The bimetric nlysis f mteril frm the individul ppultins, nd their cmprisn with A. s. sylvticus fter the tw uthrs, gve results which divide ur ppultins quite definitely
Txnmy f A. sylvcticus in Bulgri 193 Tble 5. A cmprisn f A. s. sylvticus fter Miller (1912) nd Mrtin (1933). Ppultin Miller - Mrtin Mesurement D A n i,2 Difference C.iLlj'lbsl length 0.60 0.32 0.16 significnt Zygmtic redth 0.30 0.18 0. 09 significnt Tble 6. A cmprisn f the Bulgrin ppultins mteril with A. s. sylvticus fter Miller (1912). ^Me sur e me nt Cndylbsl Length Zygmtic Bredth Ppultin M D A Difference M D A Difference After Miller 23. 1 12. 7 Ktel 23. 8 0.70 0.45 significnt 13. 3 0.60 0.24 significnt Cherepish 23. 6 0.50 0.29 significnt 13 0 0.30 0.14 significnt Sfi District 23 5 0.40 0.27 significnt 13 2 0.50 0.20 significnt Strndj 23. 8 0.70 0.29 Significnt 13 2 0.50 0.18 significnt Sherb 22 7 0.40 0.24 significnt 12 7 0. 00 0.18 insignificnt Sreburn 23 0 0.10 0.40 insignificnt 12 7 0. 00 0.20 insignificnt Tble 7. A cmprisn f ur mteril with A. s. sylvticus fter Mrtin (1933). ^--^Mesurement Cndylbsl Length Zygmtic Bredth Ppultin M D A Difference M D A Difference After Mrtin 22. 5 12. 4 Ktel 23.8 1.30 0.55 significnt 13. 3 0.90 0.29 significnt Cherepish 23.6 1.10 0.43 significnt 13. 0 0. 60 0.20 significnt Sfi District 23.5 1.00 0.27 significnt 13. 2 0.80 0.24 significnt Strndj 23.8 1.30 0.42 significnt 13. 2 0.80 0.72 significnt Sherb 22. 7 0.20 0.36 insignificnt 12. 7 0.30 0.22 significnt Sreburn 23. 0 0. 50 0.50 insignificnt 12. 7 0.30 0.24 significnt in tw. As shwn in tble 1 (regrding the vlues f M nd ), the specimens in the ppultins f Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj re bigger thn the subspecies A. s. sylvticus, nd the specimens frm Sherb nd Sreburn re cnsiderbly smller thn the cmpred frm fter Miller nd insignificntly smller thn the Yugslv nes. Accrding t the indices f cndylbsl length nd zygmtic bredth f the skull, the
194 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev differences between the mterils frm Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj, cmpred with the subspecies A. s. sylvticus fter Miller, re sttisticlly significnt (Tble 6). The Sherb specimens disply significnt difference ccrding t the cndylbsl length, nd n insignificnt ne ccrding t the zygmtic bredth, nd thse f Sreburn shw n insignificnt difference ccrding t bth mesurements. The results re lmst the sme ls frm the cmprisn f ur ppultins with A. s. sylvticus f Yugslvi ccrding t dt reprted by Mrtin (1933). The vritinl-sttisticl indices (M nd G) in tble 1 shw tht the specimens tken frm ur ppultins exceed, in their dimensins, thse f Yugslvi. The mterils frm the ppultins f Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj, cmpred t A. s. sylvticus f Yugslvi, ccrding t the cndylbsl length nd zygmtic bredth f the skull, disply differences which re gret enugh t be cnsidered significnt, nd the mterils frm Sherb nd Sreburn pint t insignificnt differences ccrding t the index f cndylbsl length nd t significnt nes ccrding t the zygmtic bredth (Tble 7). Cmprisn f the bimetric indices f the centrl tendency (M) nd the degree f dispersin (), s well s the results btined frm the cmprisn f ur ppultins with the subspecies A. s. sylvticus fter Miller nd Mrtin, shws tht the Sherb nd Sreburn specimens re medium size, between the tw lredy mentined, nd thse in the Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj ppultins re bigger thn these tw (Tbles 1, 6 nd 7). c) A cmprisn with A. s. dichrurus. Our Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj ppultins, in their dimensins, mst clsely pprch A. s. dichrurus, nd this fct necessitted their detiled cmprisn with this subspecies. Tble 1 itself shws tht ccrding t the centrl tendency (M) nd the degree f dispersin (), the Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj ppultins pprch the subspecies A. s. dichrurus wheres the Sherb nd Sreburn representtives pint t differences.
Txnmy f A. sylvcticus in Bulgri 195 The bve differences between the mterils frm ur ppultins nd A. s. dichrurus fter Miller nd M r t i n prve t be significnt fr sme nd insignificnt fr ther ppultins. Tble 8 indictes tht the mterils frm Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj, cmpred t A. s. dichrurus f Yugslvi s regrds cndvlbsl length, zygmtic bredth nd length f the hind ft, disply insignificnt differences. The mterils frm the tw remining ppultins Sherb nd Sreburn shw significnt differences in ll these dimensins with the length f the hind ft, ccrding t which the Sherb mteril hs prved t be insignificnt. The vlues which, in their dimensins, re clse t M nd 3 f the Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj representtives n the ne hnd nd thse f A. s. dichrurus fter Mrtin n the ther hnd (Tble 1), pint t the subspecific clseness f these ppultins. Cnversely, the significnce f the differences in the bve indices with respect t the Sherb nd Sreburn extrctins clerly shws their subspecific difference s cmpred t A. s. dichrurus (Tbles 1 nd 8). The bve mentined duble tendency t the subspecific psitin f ur ppultins is ls cnfirmed by the results btined frm their cmprisn with A. s. dichrurus fter Miller (Tble 9). We suppse tht the differences which re bserved between the men dimensins f sme f the mesurements in ur ppultins frm Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj re relted t the eclgicl bigegrphicl rules f H i n t n nd Miss Bte. In ccrdnce with Hintn's rule, which pplies t the dependence between the durtin f the grwth perid nd the develpment f the ffspring nd the dimensin f the bdy mesurements, it might be ssumed tht the specimens f ur ppultins re smller (nd tht is why they disply significnt differences), due t their shrter grwth nd develpment perid, thn the specimens f the ppultin under cmprisn, which Miller cught in wrmer res in cnditins llwing lnger grwth perid. Mrever, it is well knwn tht the specimens brn erly in spring, which hve reched sexul mturity, re greter thn the specimens ls sexully mture but brn twrd the end f the summer. It is quite pssible tht in ur representtive mteril f
196 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev i d c nj en VI Vi Vi VI <H O d vi H -H «H -H-H -H rl M rl b rl y rl te ri t H 01 Di D) IQ II) lu) -H H -H -H H H M T- IR\ CD < r Ô Ô O O O O O O m n r U' T~-IR> R\ CI R\ C< NCJIM IM r M (M e rtcdci CÖ 4-> ri -H rl C3 CO VI VI VI H-H -ri rl-h rl vi vi H HO -ri-h M 60 -ri M-H -H tí c tí <c tí tí c 60 60 H -H 10CO O O O O O O (M r- T- r- -=t Jf O O O O O O T- R\ O T^- T*- n n r\ r\ j iflc3 eis H "H ti Vi H Vi ti vi m i H -H-H rl -H rl VI VI 60 60 60 60-H rl H -H RI -H CO c W CO 60 60 -H -H t-\ ir\ O r-\ CO -í O r\ -tf J' CO O O O O O O O O O O O O r r d r O f- Ô Ô Ô O O x: Ul G O -!-> c w Oí «-i Ul O cu I S 1 t (H M «n g c 0) I-I > 01 1-1 CO CO G t Ol CO g 0> 3 I-i s- 0> I-. 'S «M O tö c 'C CO c < ri m h -H j m Vi Vi O 3 v< vi 60 -H n R n 6060 -H rl H tl 60101060 60 -H -H RI O r> r v 3 vo Ö Ô O Ó Ó Ó ri t^ t^ O R> O R\ VI H VI TIDi13 d IS m H rl rl rl rl rl rl 60 60 Vi H ViViVI ri ri ti -H <M H RI CO CO 6060 t 63 60 H -H1010C0 rl r ri 10 ri 10 tf\ O r\ r"\ J- Ö O Ó Ô O O >r\ r- c u"\ \0 'r\ O Ó O O r T- c ir> c c*- O O I-! <-\ <-\ C\J r"v rh d Hi II H K h ^ 4-* OJVi II O O xl łj n II tri c CO c c c ir» c c O n n n n n w n C\L u i 3 Il H í (I Í i <H M m cu Si O4->X3 M O CO CO C/J C/L
Txnmy f A. sylvcticus in Bulgri 197 A. sylvticus there is greter number f specimens brn ne r ne nd hlf mnths befre their cpture. It is then quite nturl tht these specimens, thugh sexully mture, shuld be smller thn thse brn tw r three mnths prir t their cpture. Miss B t e's rule but the isltin f the re nd the bdy mesurements, ccrding t which the specimens in the smller re re ls f smller dimensins, my perhps be pplied here t explin the smller dimensins f the specimens in ur ppultins. In rder t demnstrte tht ur ppultins frm Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj belng t the subspecies A. s. dichrurus, despite the significnt differences displyed by the respective representtives s cmpred t the sme subspecies fter Miller, we must drw ttentin t tble 10, which gives the'results btined frm the cmprisn between the A. s. dichrurus mterils f bth uthrs. As shwn in the tble, the Yugslv representtive Tble 10. A cmprisn f A. s. dichrurus ppultins fter Miller nd M r t i n. Me sureme nt Cndyl bsl Length Zygmtic Bredth Ppul M D A Difference M D A Difference After Miller After Mrtln 24. 3 23.7 0.60 0.35 significnt 13. J 13.1 0.20 0.24 insignificnt mteril displys significnt difference in the cndylbsl length f the skull nd n insignificnt ne in the zygmtic bredth, i. e. here gin there is n evidence f cmplete crrespndence between the tw ppultins. These results, hwever, hve nt prevented M r t i n frm referring his specimens t the subspecies dichrurus. It is quite evident tht this hs been influenced by the specific bi-eclgic cnditins f the tw ppultins. Due t the fct tht the ppultins f Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj disply n evident clseness t the subspecies A. s. dichrurus f Yugslvi, we ccept them s being this subspecies. In this cse we ttch greter imprtnce nd significnce t the results frm the cmprisns f ur mteril with tht f Yugslvi, since ur eclgicl cnditins re clser t the Yugslv nes thn t thse f the specimens fter Miller. M i 11 e r's
198 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev dt here re used by us s third, likewise very imprtnt dimensin, tken s bsis in ur cmprisn s ls explining the inevitble fctr in the shpe frmtin the specificity f the gegrphic nd bi-eclgicl cnditins. Tble 11. A cmprisn f representtive mteril frm the seprte A. sylvticus ppultins with tht f Ktel (A), Cherepish (B), Sfi District (C), Strndj (D) nd Sherb (E). Me s ur e m e 111 Cndylbsl Length Zygmtic Bredth Ppultin^-». M D A Difference M D A Difference Ktel 23 8 13.3 Cherepish 23 6 0.20 0. 53 insignificnt 13.0 0.30 0.26 significnt Sfi District 23 5 0.30 0.50 insignificnt 13.2 0.10 0.28 insignificnt Strndj 23 8 0. 00 0. 52 insignificnt 13.2 0.10 0.86 Insignificnt Sherb 22 7 1.10 0.48 significnt 12.7 0.60' 0.28 significnt. Sreburn 23 0 0.80 0. 60 significnt 12. 7 0.60 0.28 significnt Cherepish 23 6 13.0 Sfi District 23 5 0.10 0.38 insignificnt 13.2 0.20 0.22 insigniflnt Strndj 23.8 0.20 0.40 inslgnlfint 13.2 0.20 0.20 insignificnt Sherb 22 7 0.90 0.34 significnt 12.2 0.30 0.20 significnt Sreburn 23 0 0. 60 0.48 significnt 12.7 0.30 0.22 significnt Sfi District 23. 5 13.2 Strndj 23. 8 0.30 0.39 insignificnt 13.2 0. 00 0.24 insignificnt Sherb 22. 7 0.80 0.34 significnt 12.7 0.50 0.24 significnt Sreburn 23. 0 0.50 0. 4S significnt 12.7 0.50 0.26 significnt Strndj 23. 8 13.2 Sherb 22. 7 1.10 0.34 significnt 12.7 0.50 0.22 significnt Sreburn 23. 0 0.80 0.49 significnt 12.7 0.50 0.24 significnt Sherb 22. 7 12.7 Sreburn 23. 0 0.30 0.46 insignificnt 12. 7 0. 00 0.24 insignificnt A B C D All results btined up till nw in the cmprisn f ur mterils with the subspecies A. s. sylvticus nd A. s. dichrurus fter Miller nd M r t i n clerly shw tht the ppultins frm Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj re undubtedly clse
Txnmy f A. sylvcticus in Bulgri 199 t the dichrurus subspecies nd differ frm the sylvticus subspecies, wheres the Sherb nd Sreburn ppultins mre clsely pprch A s. sylvticus nd differ frm A. s. dichrurus. This cler differentitin f ur ppultins int tw grups ne f which cincides with A. s. dichrurus nd the ther pprches A. s. sylvticus is cnfirmed by the results btined frm the cmprisn between ur ppultins themselves. Tble 11 (A, B, C nd D) shw tht mterils frm Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj d nt differ essentilly frm ech ther, nd tht they disply significnt differences s cmpred with thse f Sherb nd Sreburn. The Sherb nd Sreburn mterils, when cmpred in respect f the cndylbsl length nd zygmtic bredth f the skull, shw insignificnt differences (Tble 11 E). On the bsis f ll results s fr btined nd indicted in the respective plces, we ccept tht the Ktel, Sfi District nd Strndj specimens re ne nd the sme subspecies vis. the subspecies Apdemus sylvticus dichrurus (R f i n e s q u e, 1814). Chrcteristics. The dimensins re lrger thn thse f A. s. sylvticus; the hind ft is ne the verge but 22.3 mm (22.2 22.7); the cndylbsl length f the skull is usully but 23.6 mm r mre (23.5 23.8); the zygmtic bredth is n the verge but 13.1 mm (13.0 13.3). The bsic tne f the clur is drk yellw nd grey with predminnce f yellw-rusty shde. Distributin. At present, this subspecies is estblished in the fllwing plces in Bulgri: Blkn Muntins (Ktel, Cherepish), Sfi District (Vitsh nd Lzen Muntin) nd Strndj Muntin. The distributin f A. s. dichrurus in the Blkn Muntins cn be explined by the tectnic reltin f this mssif crss Vitsh nd Lyulin Muntin with Kreshtidité nd Ossgv Muntin, in the estern prts f which M r t i n cught specimens f this subspecies. On the ther hnd, the reltin between the Blkn Muntins nd Strndj, thrugh the Bkdjitsité, the St. Ili nd the Mnstery Heights explins the distributin f A. s. dichrurus ls in Strndj, its rnge thus cquiring definite gegrphic utline. We re impressed by the fct tht ur A. s. dichrurus ppultins re encuntered t higher ltitudes nd thse f Sherb nd Sreburn in lwer plces.
200 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev The Sherb nd Sreburn ppultins disply systemtic clseness t the subspecies A. s. sylvticus. It is necessry, hwever, t del with ppultins frm ther prts f cur cuntry ls minly frm the Dnube Plin, s well s ppultins fr cmprisn, cming frm neighburing cuntries, in rder definitely t slve the prblem cnnected with the systemtic situtin f the tw ther ppultins mentined (Sherb nd Sreburn). Fr the present, we hve prved their undubted clseness t A. s. sylvticus. IV. CONCLUSIONS 1. It hs been estblished tht in Bulgri trnsitry'' frms ccur between Apdemus sylvticus (Linneus, 1758) nd Apdemus flvicllis (M e 1 c h i r, 1834). 2. It hs ls been estblished tht the A. sylvticus ppultins f the Blkn Muntins [Ktel nd Cherepish, Sfi District (Vitsh nd Lzen Muntin)] nd Strndj Muntin belng t the Apdemus sylvticus dichrurus (Rfinesque, 1814) subspecies. 3. The systemtic clseness f the ppultins f the Sherb" Stte Gme-Breeding Frm ner the villge f Grzdev, Vrn District, nd f the villge f Sreburn, Silistr District, t the bsic Apdemus sylvticus sylvticus (Linneus. 1759) frm hs been prved. V. SUMMARY The uthrs hve estblished tht in Bulgri, s well s in sme ther cuntries, trnsitry" frms ccur between A. sylvticus (Linneus, 1758) nd A. flvicllis (Melchir, 1834). Emplying the methds f vritin sttistics, the uthrs hve elbrted systemticlly A. sylvticus ppultins f the nine plces in Bulgri (sec Fig. 1). Preliminry cmprisns mde ccrding t the indices f the txnmic chrcteristics f the individul ppultins shw tht sme f them (Ktel, Cherepish. Sfi District nd Strndj) pprch the subspecies A. s. dichrurus nd thers (Sherb nd Sreburn) the bsic A. s. sylvticus frm. On this ccunt the ppultins f Bulgri under study were cmpred in detil with the tw subspecies indicted. The cmprisns were mde fter Miller (1912) nd Mrtin (1933) n the bsis f the cndylbsl length, zygmtic bredth nd length f the hind ft indices which re ccepted s being dignstic f A. sylvticus.
Bdni nd iksnmiką A. sylvticus z Bułgrii 2l The cmprisns shw tht the A. sylvticus ppultins f Ktel, Cherepish, Sfi District nd Strndj belng t the subspecies Apdemus sylvticus dichrurus (Rfinesque, 1814) nd thse f Sherb nd Sreburn pprch Apdemus sylvticus sylvticus (Linneus, 1758). The uthrs d nt specify the exct systemtic psitin f the specimens f the lst tw ppultins since there is n vilb'e mteril frm the remiiin* prt f Nrth Bulgri (the Dnube Plin). Sfi Stte University, Sfi, 49, Mskvsk Street R E F E R E N C E S 1. B M H r p B, B. C. & R p M O B, M. M. 1952. rpbi3yhbi cfcyhbi CCCP: 1-296, McKB JleHMHrp«. 2. T e n T H e p, B. T. 1940. JlecHbie Mbiuiw Tpnr Kpbrn. Tpy^bi KpwM- CKr rc. 3n., 2. Mciis. 3. Jly K W H, r. n. 1957. 3MeTKM MbiiueBMflHbix rpbi3yhx m HX SKTOnp3MTx B 0KpecTH0CTx 03ep JIMMSHHUK (AnncKiiM piih, Kp- CHOflpcKr Kpn). YH. 3n. PcrBCKr-H-ßHy rc. y-t. 4. M p K B, T. 1953. E3MHi<mHTe B 3nT n njiesiuhthmte rpckw NOH B ßGpyxc. Cn. npupß, 2, 3. COC >HH. 5. MpKOB, T. 1954. Bpe^HMTe rpn3nm H MCTOAM H 6p6 c THX. HAPIJHHMK 3 xph H 3mnT n rpiite. 3eMM3ßT, COC >HH. 6. M p T M H, B. 1033. Ilpnjir CHCTEMATHIJH M CKOJIOLUKOM 6jniHeHey p3npctph>h n^p^a Sylvemus y JyrcjiBMju. 36OPHMK pb ncbenehmx jkiibjhhy ZpneBHny. Berp. 7. II c n JI e B, I\ B., M p T M H, K. B. & II e in e B, IJ. 1952. Pl3CJie- BHHH B'bpxy HHKOM ßPEÖHII RPN3AHII HA NJIAHMHATA BwTm. TflHuiHMK H Cc >. yhiibepci-itet, 47, 1 6nJirMH. 8. n e T p B, E. M. 1954. IIpyHBniiH Btepxy rpminiite B /JSpyHc, THXHOTO CTnHCK 3HHeHwe M cpectb 3 6p6 c THX. CnncHwe H HyHHO - M3cjieBTejibCKHTe MHCTHTym npw M-BO H 3eMeflejiweT0, 2. 5. Miller. G. 1912. Ctlgue f the Mmmls f Western Eurpe, 1 1034, Lndn. 10. Scheffer, H. 1935. Studien n mitteleurpäischen Kleinsänger mit besnderer Berücksichtigung der Rssenbildung. Arch. f. Nturg., N.F. 4. 11. Weitste in, O. 19S3. Beiträge zur Säugetierkunde Eurps. III. Z. Säugetierkde, 8. 2. Berlin. S T R E S Z C Z E N I E W Bułgrii, pdbnie jk i w innych krjch, występują frmy przejściwe" między Apdemus sylvticus (Linneus, 1758) Apdemus flvicllis (Melchir, 1834).
202 T. Peshev & G. Gergiev Autrzy przebdli 214 kzów A. sylvticus pchdzących z 9 ppulcji (ptrz mp Ryc. 1) pd kątem różnic w niektórych wymirch czszki (dł. Cb., szerkść jrzmw) i cił (długść tylnej stpy), uwżnych pwszechnie z cechy dignstyczne dl teg gtunku. W wyniku bdń utrzy stwierdzili, że A. sylvticus łwine w miejscwścich Ktel, Czerepisz i Strndj nleżą d pdgtunku Apdemus sylvticus dichrurus (Rfinesąue, 1814) zś łwine w Szerb i Sreburn są prwdpdbnie przedstwicielmi frmy nminntnej, Apdemus sylvticus sylvticus (L i n n e u s, 1758). Zbyt mły mterił z tych miejscwści i wgóle z Półncnej Bułgrii nie pzwl n stwierdzenie teg z cłą pewnścią. BIBLIOTEKA Instytutu Bilgii Ssków Plskiej Akdemii Nuk Nr Cz. 40.2 Pństwwe Wydwnictw Nukwe * Wrszw 1961 r. Nkid 1450 egz. Ark. wyd. 1,250. Mszynpis trzym. 3.VIII.61. Pdpis, d druku 13. XI. 1961. Druk ukńczn 20. XI. 1961 r. Pp. druk. st. kl. III. 80 gr. Frmt B-5 Biłstckie Zkłdy Grficzne. Zm. 3427 * B-3 Cen zł 6