The end of inflation Peter Adshead University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
(Gauge-preheating and gravitational wave production at) The end of (axion) inflation Peter Adshead University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Constraining axion inflation with gravitational waves across 29 decades in frequency Peter Adshead University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with J.T. Giblin, M. Pieroni, and Z. Weiner arxiv:1909.12842 arxiv:1909.12843
Constraining axion inflation with gravitational waves across 29 decades in frequency Peter Adshead University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Tom Giblin (Kenyon College) Mauro Pieroni (Imperial College) Zach Weiner (UIUC)
We re pretty sure inflation, or something like it, happened
What happens at the end of inflation We Don t Know!
Reheating? Super-horizon adiabatic modes are insensitive to processes happening on sub-horizon scales Only impact is on the unknown expansion history We don t know exactly where on the potential the fluctuations are generated Reheating could provide clues for unification of inflation and SM
Whatever energy drives the accelerated expansion must* be directly coupled to matter (SM?) to reheat the Universe
Inflaton-matter interactions Assume inflation driven by an axion/pseudoscalar Shift-symmetry severely restricts allowed interactions Only derivative couplings allowed to other degrees of freedom L int = 8f µ F µ F + i C f @ µ 5 µ f µ @ µ Tr[A @ A + 2 3 A ^ A ^ A ] From an EFT perspective, these interactions must be in the theory
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sha1_base64="lltl+hx70hz46zih6vpnzpi3mow=">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</latexit> <latexit 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sha1_base64="lltl+hx70hz46zih6vpnzpi3mow=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="lltl+hx70hz46zih6vpnzpi3mow=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="6fscwlrreisfvotazdhjgrng/uu=">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</latexit> Reheating: the old story (Abbot, Farhi, Wise 82; Albrecht, Steinhardt, Turner, Wilczek 82 ) Coherent inflaton oscillations look like a collection of massive particles at rest Axion decays to photons Reheating occurs when: H 1 1 Reheating is a slow, smooth, perturbative process A A T / a 3/8 T RH T / a 1 T RH f 109 GeV But of course, this picture is incomplete (Traschen & Brandenberger 90; Shtanov, Traschen & Brandenberger 94; ; Linde, Kofman & Strobinsky 94 )
Linear analysis Axially coupled gauge fields are asymmetrically amplified after (and during) axion inflation ~ A(, x) f @ r ~ A(, x) =0 In circular polarization basis @ 2 A ± k + k k f Tachyonic enhancement for modes: A ± A ± rad e 2 H! f ah! H ± 2 A ± k =0 f H 1 < k ah < f Largest amplifications when axion rolls the fastest H Linear theory quickly invalid -Numerical simulations required!
Re-scattering during inflation V These gauge fields can source (non-gaussian) density fluctuations @ 2 +2aH@ + a 2 V 00 = f (E B he Bi) BUT: largest effects occur when inflaton rolls fastest!
Black-Holes near the end of 0.01 1 2 inflation To date, the tightest bounds on the coupling arise from estimates of primordial black hole abundances A ± A ± rad e 2 f H ± 2 f H 10 4 10 6 PBH bound 10 8 10 10 f 25m pl <latexit sha1_base64="ittdd/dqf+t+kngxo2kp2jishqw=">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</latexit> 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 N (Linde, Mooj, Pajer 12) We consider couplings well below these
Gauge preheating Lower couplings Higher couplings Gauge field modes rapidly produced as inflation ends gauge/ 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.8 Transition to radiation domination becomes almost instantaneous w = hpi / h i 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 gauge/ 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 gauge/ w w = hpi / h i h i 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.5 As gauge-fields backreact axion oscillations are strongly damped h i (Mpl) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 w = hpi / h i 0.5 0.0 0.5 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.2 h i (Mpl) h i (Mpl) 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 11.6 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 0 1 2 3 13.0 N = ln(a) 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15.0 0.0 0 1 1.5 2 3 N = ln(a) 0 1 2 3 N = ln(a)
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sha1_base64="nr7xbxkyssp57t8nbdhffschdei=">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</latexit> GWs from Gauge-Preheating During reheating, axion oscillates and both gauge-helicities generated Rapidly decaying amplitude favors 1st oscillation A + h L h R V ( )= 1 2 m2 2 f (.1M pl) 1 <latexit sha1_base64="qasz//ga/zldzifqcfne74a9vog=">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</latexit> Adshead, Giblin, & Weiner (arxiv:1805.04550) Sources a significant topological charge sufficient for gravitational leptogenesis Alexander, Peskin, Sheikh-Jabbari 2004, Adshead, Long & Sfakianakis 2017
Generation of gravitational waves stronger coupling larger redshifted to today vacuum fluctuations frequency observed today Adshead, Giblin, & Weiner (arxiv:1805.04550)
<latexit sha1_base64="cmonl+rsawlws2pfr3assesqhbk=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="axyvc2cbv4s3pyu1k3wctsbdkbo=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="rex6ephkpwmhrcybqmco9qqr/jy=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="qolkagl0mqwxatjb+anuqrpebni=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="83a0h/4w8lapcomyjwhxohrykvs=">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</latexit> Gravitational waves and Neff Peak GW frequency is set by the scale of the source f 1 H end Amin et al. (arxiv:1410.3808) Energy density in GW today GW,0 (f ) rad,0 2 2 T TT tot But this radiation; assuming only the SM SMr,0 + GW,0 = 2 15 " 1+ 7 4 4 # 4 3 Ne 11 T 4 Gravitational waves contribute to Neff: GW,0 = 7 4/3 4 (N e 3.046) = 0.227 N e,0 8 11
<latexit sha1_base64="kmxuxbfyr4kusmtxmuqttjzdlh4=">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</latexit> Complete preheating and gravitational wave production 1.0 max ( gauge/ ) 0.8 0.6 0.4 efficient resonance backscattering slow tachyonic resonance 0.2 chaotic 10 6 Planck CMB S4 gw,0h 2 10 7 10 8 V ( )= 1 2 m2 2 Planck COrE + Euclid CMB-S4 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 /f (M 1 pl )
<latexit sha1_base64="axyvc2cbv4s3pyu1k3wctsbdkbo=">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</latexit> Dependence on Energy Scale 1.0 Quasi-universality GW production efficiency depends on energy scale max ( gauge/ ) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Lower energy-scales require larger preheating amplification and larger gw,0h 2 0.0 10 6 10 7 10 8 Planck CMB S4 couplings 10 9 10 10 Larger couplings mean higher momenta become tachyonic 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 /f (M 1 pl ) m =6.16 10 6 M pl m =6.16 10 7 M pl m =6.16 10 8 M pl m =6.16 10 9 M pl m =6.16 10 10 M pl Planck COrE + Euclid CMB-S4 1 2 8 1 H end <latexit sha1_base64="qolkagl0mqwxatjb+anuqrpebni=">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</latexit> f GW,0 (f ) rad,0 2 2
Dependence on potential shape Weak shape dependence All models can completely preheat, and produce detectable GWs max ( gauge/ ) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 10 6 chaotic monodromy Starobinsky D-brane hilltop, p = 4, v =4M pl hilltop, p = 4, v =2M pl GW production efficiency correlated most strongly with scale gw,0h 2 10 8 10 10 Planck bound COrE + Euclid CMB-S4 1 2 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 /f (m 1 pl ) Future CMB measurements will rule out/probe preheating efficiency >85% in high-scale models (r > 10-3 )
Gauge preheating already constrained by Planck! 10 6 Planck gw,0h 2 10 7 10 8 10 9 CMB S4 Increasing r 10 10 10 11 chaotic Starobinsky monodromy hilltop (p = 4, v =4M pl ) hilltop (p = 4, v =2M pl ) D-brane Planck COrE + Euclid CMB-S4 1 2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 max gauge / Gravitational-wave production efficiency (roughly) correlated with tensor-to-scalar ratio
Robustness ~1% axion fluctuations remain at the end of the sim. -dominate energy density after 5 e-folds! -But: extremely large gauge-field occupation numbers ~10 12 lead to huge Bose-enhanced decay width Couplings to charged matter generate currents that suppress gauge field production -A more serious worry, though could have a dark U(1) kinetically mix with hyper charge Gravitational back reaction? -More work required stay tuned!
Summary Gauge-preheating after axion inflation can be extremely violent Gravitational waves from gauge-preheating will place the tightest bounds on axial couplings to U(1) gauge fields through Neff Gravitational-wave production efficiency (roughly) correlated with tensor-to-scalar ratio Future measurements of r and Neff will constrain axion inflation across 29 decades in frequency!