Karst of the Częstochowa Upland and of the Eastern Sudetes

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1 Faculty of Earth Sciences University of Silesia Zoological Institute University of Wrocław Karst of the Częstochowa Upland and of the Eastern Sudetes palaeoenvironments and protection Edited by Krzysztof Stefaniak, Andrzej Tyc, Paweł Socha Sosnowiec Wrocław 2009

2 Studies of the Faculty of Earth Sciences University of Silesia No. 56 Editors of this issue Krzysztof Stefaniak, Andrzej Tyc, Paweł Socha Linguistic Editor Beata M. Pokryszko Advisory Board and Board of Reviewers Radosław Dobrowolski (Institute of Earth Sciences, University of M. Curie-Skłodowska in Lublin), Michał Gradziński (Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków), Beata M. Pokryszko (Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław), Barbara Rzebik- Kowalska (Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków), Paweł Valde-Nowak (Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków) Cover design Mariusz Jeziorko Cover photos Krzysztof Blejczak, Tomasz Karpiński, Paweł Socha Cover drawings Jakub Zbyszyński, Magdalena Sudoł Colour maps in the text Bartłomiej Szypuła & Andrzej Tyc Computer typesetting Mariusz Jeziorko & Andrzej Tyc Proofreading Wioletta Tomala-Kania Publication financed by the Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management and the Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław (grant no. 2987/W/IZ/08, 1018/S/IZ/09) with financial support of the Centre of Nature Heritage of Upper Silesia (Katowice), the District Council of Ogrodzieniec and of the Lower Silesian Foundation of Sustainable Development Eko-Raj (Wrocław) Published in the year of 35th anniversary of foundation of the Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia Copyright 2009 by Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław ISBN ISSN Printed by Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawniczo-Reklamowe Top-Art. ul. Konstytucji 3 Maja 17a, Łazy

3 Contributors Preface Contents 5 7 Karst and palaeoenvironments of the Częstochowa Upland Karst and caves of the Częstochowa Upland morphology and the outline of speleogenesis Andrzej Tyc Upper Jurassic deposits in the Częstochowa Upland Marcin Krajewski, Jacek Matyszkiewicz Cenozoic development of the Częstochowa Upland disputable problems Józef Lewandowski Clastic cave sediments in the Częstochowa Upland Teresa Madeyska Palaeontological studies in the Częstochowa Upland Krzysztof Stefaniak, Adam Nadachowski, Teresa Tomek, Paweł Socha Archaeological studies in caves of the Częstochowa Upland Krzysztof Cyrek The Upper Jurassic fissured-karst-porous aquifer of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland Jacek Różkowski Early Pleistocene fauna and sediments of the Żabia Cave Krzysztof Stefaniak, Adam Nadachowski, Adrian Marciszak, Adam Szynkiewicz, Paweł Socha Archaeology, stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Biśnik Cave Krzysztof Cyrek, Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska, Krzysztof Stefaniak, Paweł Socha Small mammals (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) from Pleistocene sediments of the Biśnik Cave Paweł Socha Large mammals (Carnivora, Ungulata) from Pleistocene sediments of the Biśnik Cave Krzysztof Stefaniak, Adrian Marciszak Studies in the caves of the Zegarowe Rocks Krzysztof Stefaniak, Błażej Muzolf, Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska, Paweł Socha Archaeology and stratigraphy of the Jasna Strzegowska Cave Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska, Krzysztof Cyrek Multiculturate sites on Mt. Birów in Podzamcze Błażej Muzolf, Krzysztof Stefaniak, Teresa Tomek, Krzysztof Wertz, Paweł Socha, Krzysztof Cyrek, Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska, Teresa Madeyska, Adam Nadachowski Protection of karst phenomena in the Częstochowa Upland Andrzej Tyc

4 Caves, rock shelters and palaeontological sites in quarries of the Częstochowa Upland catalogue of important speleological features Krzysztof Stefaniak, Paweł Socha, Andrzej Tyc, Krzysztof Cyrek, Adam Nadachowski 307 Karst and palaeoenvironments of the Eastern Sudetes Geomorphology of karst terrains in the Śnieżnik Massif Piotr Migoń Groundwater of karst terrains in the Sudetes Wojciech Ciężkowski, Sebastian Buczyński, Bartłomiej Rzonca, Henryk Marszałek, Mirosław Wąsik, Stanisław Staśko Karst waters in the Krowiarki Range (Eastern Sudetes) Henryk Marszałek, Mirosław Wąsik Palaeogeographic and palaeoecological analysis of sediments of the Niedźwiedzia Cave in Kletno Jerzy Bieroński, Krzysztof Stefaniak, Helena Hercman, Paweł Socha, Adam Nadachowski The Niedźwiedzia Cave in the climatic environment of the Kleśnica Valley (Śnieżnik Massif) Jacek Piasecki, Tymoteusz Sawiński Palaeogeographic, archaeological and palaeozoological studies in the Radochowska Cave Jerzy Bieroński, Jan Michał Burdukiewicz, Helena Hercman, Paweł Socha, Krzysztof Stefaniak, Adam Nadachowski Caves in Rogóżka origin, sediments and fauna Bieroński Jerzy, Socha Paweł, Stefaniak Krzysztof, Helena Hercman, Michał Gąsiorowski Solna Jama Cave state of knowledge and research perspectives Krzysztof Stefaniak, Jerzy Bieroński, Paweł Socha, Helena Hercman, Adam Nadachowski A review of studies on the circulation and chemistry of the waters of the Jaskiniec catchment area (Złote Mts) Sebastian Buczyński, Bartłomiej Rzonca Caves and karst forms in the Eastern Sudetes threats and protection Jerzy Bieroński Caves and rock shelters of the Eastern Sudetes catalogue of important speleological features Krzysztof Stefaniak, Jerzy Bieroński

5 Contributors Jerzy Bieroński Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, Poland, Sebastian Buczyński Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Pl. Maksa Borna 9, Wrocław, Poland, Jan Michał Burdukiewicz Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wrocław, ul. Szewska 48, Wrocław, Poland, Wojciech Ciężkowski Institute of Mining, Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland, Krzysztof Cyrek Institute of Archaeology, University of Mikołaj Kopernik in Toruń, Szosa Bydgoska 44/48, Toruń, Poland, Michał Gąsiorowski Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, Warszawa, Poland, Helena Hercman Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, Warszawa, Poland, Marcin Krajewski Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków, Poland, Józef Lewandowski Department of Fundamental Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, ul. Będzińska 60, Sosnowiec, Poland, Teresa Madeyska Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, Warszawa, Poland, Adrian Marciszak Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław, Poland, Henryk Marszałek Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Pl. Maksa Borna 9, Wrocław, Poland, Jacek Matyszkiewicz Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków, Poland, Piotr Migoń Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, Warszawa, 5

6 Błażej Muzolf Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum in Łódź, Pl. Wolności 14, Łódź, Poland, Adam Nadachowski Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sławkowska 17, Kraków, Poland, Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław, Poland, Jacek Piasecki Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, Poland, Jacek Różkowski Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, ul. Będzińska 60, Sosnowiec, Poland, Bartłomiej Rzonca Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Poland, Tymoteusz Sawiński Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection, Institute of Geography and Spatial Development, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, Poland, Paweł Socha Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław, Poland, Stanisław Staśko Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Pl. Maksa Borna 9, Wrocław, Poland, Krzysztof Stefaniak Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław, Poland, Adam Szynkiewicz Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, ul. W. Cybulskiego 32, Wrocław, Poland, Teresa Tomek Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sławkowska 17, Kraków, Poland, Andrzej Tyc Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, ul. Będzińska 60, Sosnowiec, Poland, Mirosław Wąsik Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Pl. Maksa Borna 9, Wrocław, Poland, Krzysztof Wertz Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sławkowska 17, Kraków, Poland, 6

7 Stefaniak K., Tyc A., Socha P. (Eds) Karst of the Częstochowa Upland and of the Eastern Sudetes: palaeoenvironments and protection. Studies of the Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, No. 56, Sosnowiec - Wrocław, 536 pp. Caves, rock shelters and palaeontological sites in quarries of the Częstochowa Upland catalogue of important speleological features Krzysztof Stefaniak, Paweł Socha, Andrzej Tyc, Krzysztof Cyrek, Adam Nadachowski Introduction This catalogue is a list of more important caves, mainly those in which bone remains and interesting karst forms were found, and of other palaeontological sites in the Częstochowa Upland. Earlier, basic information on the caves of the area was published by K. Kowalski in his catalogue of the caves of Poland Jaskinie Polski, Vol. 1, 3 (1951, 1954). A more recent guide Jaskinie Wyżyny Krakowsko- Wieluńskiej [Caves of the Kraków-Wieluń Upland] was published in 1986 by M. Szelerewicz and A. Górny. It focused on descriptions of caves themselves. The main source of information on the fauna of palaeontological sites was the collective publication edited by K. Kowalski (1989): Historia i ewolucja lądowej fauny Polski [History and Evolution of the Terrestrial Fauna of Poland] published as a double (59-60) volume of the journal Folia Quaternaria. All these papers were published in Polish. A list of the most important archaeological and palaeontological sites was presented by T. Madeyska and K. Cyrek (2002), another is contained in the materials of the international symposium Karst & Cryokarst (P. Socha, K. Stefaniak and A. Tyc 2007). Also other information (among others on fossil fauna, karst, datings of bones and speleothems, geological, geomorphological and archaeological history of exploration) is contained in many, often scattered, sources. The increasing amount of knowledge, progress in the exploration and studies, and new discoveries as well as re-examination of already known sites, prompted us to attempt a synthethic presentation of the history of exploration/studies and short information on the sites, their location, size, karst forms, sediments, history of discovery and studies (geomorphological, geological, archaeological, palaeontological) and bibliography. The list is to supplement this monograph, hence unavoidable repeating of the information contained in more detailed papers in this volume. 307

8 Fig. 1. Location of caves, rock shelters and palaeontologically important sites in quarries in the Częstochowa Upland 1 location of larger caves, 2 caves listed in the catalogue, 3 palaeontological sites in quarries listed in the catalogue The caves are arranged according to their geographical location adopted by K. Kowalski (1951), M. Szelerewicz and A. Górny (1986), as well as M. Szelerewicz, J. Baryła and M. Gradziński (1999), from the south of the Częstochowa Upland, formed by the Smoleń-Niegowonice Range, to the north with the Warta River Ravine near Mstów east of Częstochowa (Fig. 1). 308

9 PART I. CAVES, ROCK SHELTERS 1. BIŚNIK CAVE (Jaskinia Na Biśniku together with Schronisko na Biśniku koło Smolenia) NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 383, 384 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.C. 3. LOCATION: Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: Wodąca Valley, rock Biśnik ENTRANCE ASPECT: NW, NE LENGTH (m): 80 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 410 (7 m above valley bottom) FORMS: cave developed on the contact of nodular and massive rocky limestones, consits of two hemispherical chambers with large spherical forms and high cupolas in the roof, supposed ascending hypogene, hydrothermal origin, spherical forms in the roof of the rock shelter close to the cave entrances (Polonius 1999, 2003; Tyc 2009a, b, in press) SEDIMENTS: more than 12 m thick, bottom not reached, loamy-stony, silts, cave loams, loess, humus, 20 strata (Mirosław-Grabowska 2002 a,b) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: First description K. Kowalski (1951); mention: P. Przesmycki (1912), S. Lencewicz (1913), R. Fleszarowa-Danysz (1933); K. Kowalski description (1951); description M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) Excavations since 1991 (A. Pelisiak and B. Muzolf in 1991), since 1992 K. Cyrek and coworkers (T. Madeyska, J. Mirosław-Grabowska, T. Wiszniowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak); history of studies, archaeology and description K. Cyrek, (1995a, b, 1997a, b, 1998, 1999a, b, 2001, 2002a, b, 2004, 2006,a-c; 2007a); B. Muzolf (1997c); K. Cyrek, T. Madeyska, J. Mirosław-Grabowska, T. Wiszniowska (1999); description, study and map A. Polonius (1991, 1999, 2003); malacofauna S.W. Alexandrowicz (2000); description of sediments, archaeology and exploration T. Madeyska & K. Cyrek (2002); stratigraphy and description of sediments J. Mirosław Grabowska (1995 b, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002 a, b); description J. Mirosław-Grabowska et al. 1995), J. Mirosław-Grabowska & A. Tyc (1999); bone remains: T. Wiszniowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak (2001a, b, 2002, 2004); T. Wiszniowska (2002); P. Socha (2004, 2009), K. Stefaniak & P. Socha (2007); A. Figura (2008); M. Kurzawińska (2008), E.N. Van Asperen (2008); K. Stefaniak & A. Marciszak (2009); archaeology, stratigraphy, description of sediments and fossil fauna K. Cyrek, J. Mirosław-Grabowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak, T. Tomek (2007b), K. Cyrek, J. Mirosław-Grabowska, K. Stefaniak, P. Socha (2009); mention D. Döppes, S. Kempe, W. Rosendahl (2008); description and morphology A. Tyc (2001, 2008a, 2009a, b, in press), A. Polonius (2003), M. Pulina, J. Żaba, A. Polonius (2005) STRATIGRAPHY: Neogene; Odra Glaciation (Saalian) Holocene (Mirosław-Grabowska 1995 b, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002a, b; Madeyska, Mirosław-Grabowska 2001; Cyrek 2002; Madeyska, Cyrek 2002). ARCHAEOLOGY: 23 cultural levels from middle Palaeolithic till late Middle Ages (Cyrek, 1995a, b, 1997a, b, 1998, 1999a, b, 2001, 2002a, b, 2004, 2006a-c; Mirosław-Grabowska et al. 1995; Cyrek et al. 1999, 2002, 2009; Madeyska, Cyrek 2002). FOSSIL FAUNA: Aves (90 taxa), Mammalia (65 taxa): Erinaceamorpha, Soricomorpha, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla (Odra glaciation, Saalian Holocene) (Wiszniowska et al. 2001a, b, 2002, 2004; Cyrek et al. 2007, 2009; Stefaniak, Socha 2007; Figura 2008; Kurzawińska 2008; Van Asperen 2008; Socha 2009; Stefaniak, Marciszak 2009; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) FOSSIL FLORA: macroremains of 19 tree species (dr Renata Stachowicz-Rybka, Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany PAS, Kraków, Poland, unpublished) (Cyrek et al. 2009) DATING OF BONES AND SINTER: Th/U from 32±? (strata 2/4) to 210±? ka (stratum 15) (Hercman, Gorka 2002); TL from 25±3 (stratum 4) to 569±182 ka (stratum 19a) sediments; from 54±10 (stratum 4) to 568±131 ka (stratum 19a) flint artifacts (J. Kusiak, Department of Physical Geography and Palaeogeography UMCS, Lublin, unpublished) (Cyrek et al. 2009) 309

10 REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Mikołaj Kopernik University in Toruń, Institute of Archaeology, Department of Early and Middle Stone Age archaeological artifacts; Wrocław University, Zoological Institute, Department of Palaeozoology fossil fauna (collection ZPALUWr/ JB/), Educational-Scientific Centre of the Landscape Parks Complex of Silesian Voivodeship archaeological artifacts, bones (permanent exhibition). 2. ZEGAR CAVE [Clock Cave] (Jaskinia Zegar, Jaskinia Zegarowa) NUMBER in K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 386 NUMBER in M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.C. 6. LOCATION: Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: Wodąca Valley, foot of the Zegarowe Rocks ENTRANCE ASPECT: NW LENGTH (m): 95 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 430 FORMS: a large chamber (ca. 20 m long and a few metres high), filled with sediments, with walls partly covered in moonmilk, sinter mantle poor, mostly destroyed SEDIMENTS: more than 4 m thick, floor not reached; abundant, loamy-stony, silts, cave loams, sands, humus, sinter crust, 7 strata in the cave and 2 in foreland profiles (Muzolf et al. 1999, 2009; Stefaniak et al. 2009c) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1846 (removal of a great part of sediments) (X. O. 1846); description W. Jastrzębowski (1853); description A. Gruszecki (1878); map P. Przesmycki (1908); mention P. Przesmycki (1912), S. Lencewicz (1913), R. Fleszarowa-Danysz (1933), K. Sosnowski (1949); K. Kowalski description (1951); description M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) Excavations B. Muzolf and co-workers (Z. Śnieszko, J. Mirosław-Grabowska, T. Wiszniowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak); sediments, history of studies, archaeology, fossil fauna B.Muzolf, Z. Śnieżko, T. Wiszniowska (1999); T. Wiszniowska (1999, 2002); T. Wiszniowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak (2001a, b, 2002, 2004); P. Socha, K. Stefaniak (2006); K. Stefaniak, B. Muzolf, P. Socha (2007); K. Stefaniak, B. Muzolf, P. Socha, J. Mirosław- Grabowska (2009); studies on dark layers in sinter M. Gradziński, A. Górny, A. Pazdur, M.F. Pazdur (2003); morphology A. Polonius (2003), M. Pulina, J. Żaba, A. Polonius (2005) STRATIGRAPHY: Neogene; Vistulian-Holocene (Muzolf et al. 1999; Mirosław-Grabowska 2000; Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009a, c) ARCHAEOLOGY: several cultural levels from middle Palaeolithic till Middle Ages (Muzolf et al. 1999; Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009c) FOSSIL FAUNA: Aves; Mammalia (36 taxa): Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, (Vistula glaciation Holocene) (Muzolf et al. 1999; Wiszniowska 1999; Wiszniowska 2002; Wiszniowska et al. 2001a, b, 2002, 2004; Stefaniak, Socha (2007); Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009a, c) DATING OF BONES AND SINTER: dark layers in sinter crust on the sediments and in moonmilk 14C 6,410±150 i 6,500±70 BP (Gradziński et al. 2003) PROTECTION: cave located within landscape park Orlich Gniazd, within a monument of inanimate nature Skały Zegarowe REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Wrocław University, Zoological Institute, Department of Palaeozoology fossil fauna (collection ZPALUWr/JZ/), Educational-Scientific Centre of the Landscape Parks Complex of Silesian Voivodeship archaeological artifacts, bones 3. SCHRONISKO NAD JASKINIĄ ZEGAR [Rock Shelter above the Zegar Cave] (Schronisko Pośrednie) NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 388 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.C. 8. LOCATION: Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: Wodąca Valley, in a group of rocks between the Zegar Cave and the Jasna Cave near Smoleń 310

11 ENTRANCE ASPECT: NW LENGTH (m): 18 DEPTH (m): - ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 410 FORMS: - SEDIMENTS: poor, up to 1 m thick, humic, loamy, loess, stony, 2 strata (Muzolf et al. 1999; Stefaniak et al. 2009c) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1951 K. Kowalski description; mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) Excavations B. Muzolf and co-workers (Z. Śnieszko, T. Wiszniowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak); sediments studies, archaeology, fossil fauna B.Muzolf, Z. Śnieszko, T. Wiszniowska (1999); T. Wiszniowska (1999, 2002); T. Wiszniowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak (2001a, b, 2002, 2004); P. Socha, K. Stefaniak (2006); K. Stefaniak, B. Muzolf, P. Socha (2007); K. Stefaniak, B. Muzolf, P. Socha, J. Mirosław-Grabowska (2009c); morphology A. Polonius (2003), M. Pulina, J. Żaba, A. Polonius (2005) STRATIGRAPHY: Vistulian-Holocene (Muzolf et al. 1999; Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009a, c) ARCHAEOLOGY: Neolithic flint workshop (Muzolf et al. 1999; Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009c) FOSSIL FAUNA: Mammalia (9 taxa) (Vistulian-Holocene) (Muzolf et al. 1999; Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009c) PROTECTION: cave located within landscape park Orlich Gniazd, within a monument of inanimate nature Skały Zegarowe REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Wrocław University, Zoological Institute, Department of Palaeozoology fossil fauna (collection ZPALUWr/SchZ) 4. JASNA KOŁO SMOLENIA CAVE (Jasna Smoleńska Cave) NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 389 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.C. 9. LOCATION: Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: Wodąca Valley, top part of the Zegarowe Rocks ENTRANCE ASPECT: NW and SW LENGTH (m): 30 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 430 FORMS: cave in the form of a tunnel with a rock pylon in the middle, numerous large spherical forms in the roof and walls (Tyc 2009a, in press) SEDIMENTS: depth more than 2 m was attained without reaching the floor; loess, humus, loamy-stony sediments, 2 strata (Muzolf et al. 1999; Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009c) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: map and name P. Przesmycki (1908, 1912); mention S. Lencewicz (1913); R. Fleszarowa-Danysz (1933); K. Sosnowski (1949); 1940s L. Sawicki and K. Kowalski collecting flint tools from sediments surface; K. Kowalski description (1951); description M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) Excavations B. Muzolf and co-workers (Z. Śnieszko, T. Wiszniowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak); sediments, history of studies, archaeology, fossil fauna B.Muzolf, Z. Śnieszko, T. Wiszniowska (1999); T. Wiszniowska (1999, 2002); T. Wiszniowska, P. Socha, K. Stefaniak (2001a, b, 2002, 2004); P. Socha, K. Stefaniak (2006); K. Stefaniak, B. Muzolf, P. Socha (2007); K. Stefaniak, B. Muzolf, P. Socha, J. Mirosław-Grabowska (2009c); morphology A. Polonius (2003), M. Pulina, J. Żaba, A. Polonius (2005), A. Tyc (2001, in press) STRATIGRAPHY: Vistula glaciation-holocene (Muzolf et al. 1999a, c) ARCHAEOLOGY: several culural levels from upper Palaeolithic till Middle Ages (Muzolf et al. 1999; Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009c) FOSSIL FAUNA: Aves (5 taxa), Mammalia (13 taxa) (Vistulian Holocene) (Muzolf et al. 1999; Stefaniak et al. 2007, 2009a, c) PROTECTION: cave located within landscape park Orlich Gniazd, within a monument of inanimate nature Skały Zegarowe 311

12 REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Wrocław University, Zoological Institute, Department of Palaeozoology fossil fauna (collection ZPALUWr/JJS/) 5. JASNA W STRZEGOWEJ CAVE NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 394 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.D. 2. LOCATION: Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: in a rock called Jamy (Ścianka) near village Strzegowa-Kolonia ENTRANCE ASPECT: NW, SW LENGTH (m): 85 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 400 FORMS: a spacious spherical chamber with high cupolas, one of which opens to the surface, a part of the cave formed by a block scree; weathered speleothems (Polonius 2003; Pulina et al. 2005; Tyc in press) SEDIMENTS: over 5 m thick, cave loams, loess with sand and rubble, humus, 10 strata (Sawicki 1949, 1953; Mirosław-Grabowska 2000; Mirosław-Grabowska & Cyrek 2009) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: mention P. Przesmycki (1912); R. Fleszarowa-Danysz (1933), J. Kostrzewski. (1948); K. Kowalski (1948), Z. Podkowińska (1948); S. Manturzewski (1949); description K. Kowalski (1951); description M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) L. Sawicki excavations, studies on sediments and archaeological exploration (Sawicki 1949, 1953); Neolithic human occupancy E. Rook (1980); 1991 M. Rybicka & K. Cyrek excavations and verification of Sawicki s studies (Rybicka, Cyrek 1997); stratigraphy J. Mirosław-Grabowska (2000); description K. Cyrek 2007a, d; Mirosław-Grabowska & Cyrek 2009); morphology A. Polonius (2003), M. Pulina, J. Żaba, A. Polonius (2005), A. Tyc (2001, in press) STRATIGRAPHY: Vistula Glaciation-Holocene (Sawicki 1949, 1953; Mirosław-Grabowska 2000; Mirosław-Grabowska, Cyrek 2009) ARCHAEOLOGY: 4 levels: Palaeolithic (Aurignacian, Mousterian, Acheulian and Gravettian culture) and Neolithic (Lendzyel culture) (Sawicki 1949, 1953; Rybicka, Cyrek 1997; Cyrek 2007a, d; Mirosław-Grabowska, Cyrek 2009) FOSSIL FAUNA: Ursus spelaeus; Ursus sp.; Equus caballus; Cervidae indet. and other, unexamined Pleistocene and Holocene fauna (Vistula glaciation-holocene) (Cyrek 2007d; Mirosław-Grabowska; Cyrek 2009; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) DATING OF BONES AND SINTER: bone remains: 14 C (AMS) 14.40±80 ka BP, 13.63±70 ka BP * REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Educational-Scientific Centre of the Landscape Parks Complex of Silesian Voivodeship archaeological artifacts, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Kraków, PAS fossil fauna, Archaeological Museum, Warsaw archaeological artifacts 6. SCHRONISKO WSCHODNIE PRZY JASKINI JASNEJ W STRZEGOWEJ [Eastern Shelter near Jasna w Strzegowej Cave] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 395 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.D. 3. LOCATION: Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: in a rock called Jamy (Ścianka) near village Strzegowa-Kolonia, about a dozen metres from the entrance to Jasna w Strzegowej Cave ENTRANCE ASPECT: E LENGTH (m): 12 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 430 FORMS: weathered speleothems * The research was supported by grant no /2589 of the Ministry of Science and High Education, Poland 312

13 SEDIMENTS: loess, loam, humus with limestone rubble, 3 strata (Sawicki 1949) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1949 L. Sawicki excavations, studies on sediments (Sawicki 1949, 1953); mention S. Manturzewski (1949); description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) STRATIGRAPHY: Vistula Glaciation-Holocene (Sawicki 1953) ARCHAEOLOGY: Mesolithic tools (Sawicki 1953) FOSSIL FAUNA: no data REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Archaeological Museum, Warszawa 7. SCHRONISKO W POŚREDNICY KOŁO STRZEGOWEJ I [Shelter in Pośrednica near Strzegowa I] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 396 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.D. 4. LOCATION: environs of Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: in a rock called Pośrednica near village Strzegowa-Kolonia ENTRANCE ASPECT: WSW LENGTH (m): 6 DEPTH (m): 5.5 ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 430 FORMS: SEDIMENTS: loess, humus ca. 2 m thick (Sawicki 1949) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1949 L. Sawicki excavations, studies on sediments (Sawicki 1949, 1953); description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) STRATIGRAPHY: no data FOSSIL FAUNA: no data PROTECTION: cave located within landscape park Orlich Gniazd, within a monument of inanimate nature Skała Pośrednica, no individual protection REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: 8. SCHRONISKO W POŚREDNICY KOŁO STRZEGOWEJ II [Shelter in Pośrednica near Strzegowa II] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 397 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.D. 5. LOCATION: environs of Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: rock Pośrednica, a few metres from shelter I, Strzegowa ENTRANCE ASPECT: SE LENGTH (m): 21 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 430 FORMS: SEDIMENTS: humus, humus with loess and limestone rubble ca. 1 m deep (Sawicki 1949, 1953) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES:1949 L. Sawicki excavations, sediments studies (Sawicki 1949, 1953); description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) STRATIGRAPHY: no data FOSSIL FAUNA: no data PROTECTION: cave located within landscape park Orlich Gniazd, within a monument of inanimate nature Skała Pośrednica, no individual protection REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: - 313

14 9. MROCZNA W POŚREDNICY CAVE [Mroczna in Pośrednica Cave] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 399 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.D. 7. LOCATION: environs of Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: rock Pośrednica near Strzegowa-Kolonia, at the foot of rocks ENTRANCE ASPECT: NE LENGTH (m): 21 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 450 FORMS: weathered speleothems SEDIMENTS: depth over 3 m, humus, loess (Sawicki 1953) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1949 L. Sawicki excavations, sediments studies (Sawicki 1953); description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) STRATIGRAPHY: Vistulian Holocene (Sawicki 1953) FOSSIL FAUNA: Quaternary fauna (Sawicki 1953) PROTECTION: cave located within landscape park Orlich Gniazd, within a monument of inanimate nature Skała Pośrednica, no individual protection REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Archaeological Museum, Warszawa 10. SCHRONISKO PRZY WSI STRZEGOWEJ I [Shelter near Strzegowa village I] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 400 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.D. 8. LOCATION: environs of Strzegowa, Olkusz district LOCATION ENTRANCE: on the hill called Kyciowa Rock, near villages Strzegowa and Strzegowa-Kolonia, window in a rock crest ENTRANCE ASPECT: S i W LENGTH (m): 7.5 DEPTH (m.): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 470 FORMS: short tunnel perforating the rock and being a remnant of a spherical hall, on walls and ceiling numerous spherical cavities (Tyc 2001, in press) SEDIMENTS: depth over 2.5 m, humus, loess EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1949 excavations, preliminary profile L. Sawicki (1953); description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) STRATIGRAPHY: Quaternary (Sawicki 1953) ARCHAEOLOGY: Palaeolithic flint workshop (?) (Sawicki 1953) FOSSIL FAUNA: no data REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Archaeological Museum, Warszawa 11. SCHRONISKO PRZY WSI STRZEGOWEJ II [Shelter near Strzegowa village I] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 401 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.D. 9. LOCATION: environs of Strzegowa, Olkusz district ENTRANCE LOCATION: ca. 10 m from shelter I, at the foot of the rock near Strzegowa ENTRANCE ASPECT: E LENGTH (m): DEPTH (m): 6 ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 470 FORMS: no data SEDIMENTS: humus, loess (Sawicki 1949, 1953) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1949 L. Sawicki excavations, sediments studies (Sawicki 1953); description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986) 314

15 STRATIGRAPHY: Quaternary (Sawicki 1953) ARCHAEOLOGY: Palaeolithic flint workshop (?) (Sawicki 1953) FOSSIL FAUNA: no data REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Archaeological Museum, Warszawa 12. W STRASZYKOWEJ GÓRZE CAVE [Cave in Mt. Straszykowa] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 375 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): IV.B. 16. LOCATION: environs of Ryczów, Ogrodzieniec commune, Zawiercie district ENTRANCE LOCATION: dry valley at the foot of rocks of Mt. Straszykowa (S) ENTRANCE ASPECT: SW, NW LENGTH (m): 150 DEPTH (m): 21 (denivelation -2.8, +18.6) ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): ca. 445 FORMS: cave passage and entrance chamber developed in different facies of Upper Jurassic biohermal and detritic limestones great influence of lithology on cave morphology (Tyc 2003, 2009b, in press); hemispherical chamber with cupolas in the roof; vadose features in meander passage developed in bedded and detritic limestones; degraded flowstones and rimstones, cave pearls occured SEDIMENTS: rubble, loamy-sandy EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1948 inventory and survey K. Kowalski (1951); description and survey M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986); 1984 discovery of new passages P. Bednarz; description and survey M. Szelerewicz (1986); documentation and description A. Polonius 2003; black layers in stalagmites and dating M. Gradziński, A. Górny, A. Pazdur, M.F. Pazdur (2003); cave morphology A. Tyc (2003, 2009b, in press) STRATIGRAPHY: no data ARCHAEOLOGY:?Neolithic (black coloured laminae in stalagmites (Gradziński et al. 2003) FOSSIL FAUNA: no data DATING OF BONES AND SINTER: 14 C of sinters: 9,020±140 BP, 6,320±130 BP, 4,120±60 BP REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: 13. SCHRONISKO W GÓRZE BIRÓW KOŁO PODZAMCZA WSCHODNIE [Shelter in Mt. Birów near Podzamcze, Eastern] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 420 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): V.A. 7. LOCATION: environs of Podzamcze, Ogrodzieniec commune, Zawiercie district ENTRANCE LOCATION: southern slope of Mt. Birów ENTRANCE ASPECT: S LENGTH (m): 22 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE altitude (m a.s.l.): 470 FORMS: cave in the form of a meandering passage developed on the basis of fissures; in the entrance part it passes into a wide chamber; the cave ends in a blind passage (Tyc 2001, in press) SEDIMENTS: loamy-sandy, fine limestone rubble (Degórski 1984) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986); map and excavation, sediments studies A. Degórski (1984); B. Muzolf and other sediments studies B. Muzolf (1994 a-c, 1997a, b); J. Mirosław- Grabowska, T. Madeyska, B. Muzolf, K. Stefaniak, T. Tomek, K. Wertz, P. Socha, K, Cyrek. (2007); B. Muzolf, K. Stefaniak, T. Tomek, K. Wertz, P. Socha, K. Cyrek, J. Mirosław- Grabowska, T. Madeyska (2009); malacofauna S.W. Alexandrowicz (2000); morphology A. Tyc (2001, in press), J. Żaba, A. Tyc (2007) 315

16 STRATIGRAPHY: Quaternary (Muzolf et al. 2009) (Muzolf et al. 2009) FOSSIL FAUNA: Amphibia, Insectivora, Rodentia, (Degórski 1984) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Educational-Scientific Centre of the Landscape Parks Complex of Silesian Voivodeship archaeological artifacts, bones 14. SCHRONISKO W GÓRZE BIRÓW KOŁO PODZAMCZA ZACHODNIE [Shelter in Mt. Birów near Podzamcze, Western] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 421 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): V.A. 8. LOCATION: environs of Podzamcze, Ogrodzieniec commune, Zawiercie district ENTRANCE LOCATION: 10 m W of the Eastern Shelter; Mt. Birów ENTRANCE aspect: S LENGTH (m): 12 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE altitude (m a.s.l.): 440 FORMS: cave developed in crack (S-N), partly on a fissure of similar course, the wide fissure forms perpendicular branches of the cave to the east and west (tight, inaccessible); the cave narrows toward its interior and ends blindly; in the entrance part a ceiling canal and numerous corrosion pits filled with cemented red cave sediments and calcite (Tyc 2003, in press) SEDIMENTS: humus, loess EXPLORATION AND STUDIES:1951 description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986); map and excavation, sediments studies A. Degórski (1984); B. Muzolf and other sediments studies B. Muzolf (1994 a-d, 1997a-f, 1998a, 1999); malacofauna S.W. Alexandrowicz (2000); archaeology, stratigraphy, description of sediments and fossil fauna J. Mirosław-Grabowska, T. Madeyska, B. Muzolf, K. Stefaniak, T. Tomek, K. Wertz, P. Socha, K, Cyrek. (2007); B. Muzolf, K. Stefaniak, T. Tomek, K. Wertz, P. Socha, K. Cyrek, J. Mirosław-Grabowska, T. Madeyska (2009); morphology and origin A. Tyc (2001, 2003, in press), J. Żaba, A. Tyc (2007) STRATIGRAPHY: Quaternary (Mirosław-Grabowska et al. 2007; Muzolf et al. 2009) (Mirosław-Grabowska et al. 2007; Muzolf et al. 2009) FOSSIL FAUNA: Amphibia, Rodentia (Degórski 1984) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Educational-Scientific Centre of the Landscape Parks Complex of Silesian Voivodeship archaeological artefacts, bones 15. SCHRONISKO W GÓRZE BIRÓW KOŁO PODZAMCZA PÓŁNOCNE [Shelter in Mt. Birów near Podzamcze, Northern] (Cave IV in Mt. Birów) NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 422 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): V.A. 9. LOCATION: environs of Podzamcze, Ogrodzieniec commune, Zawiercie district ENTRANCE LOCATION: N slope of Mt. Birów ENTRANCE aspect: N and W LENGTH (m): 30 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 440 FORMS: cave with a few entrances in an immediate vicinity of a rock gate and a small shelter, which are relics of one subterranean form; the morphology of passages, corrosion forms on the walls and ceiling and the fissures dissecting them indicate a multi-stage development of the cave in phreatic and vadose conditions. Near W entrance to the cave and 316

17 in the rock gate numerous spherical forms with several generations of sediments fillings, including eroded speleothems (Partyka, Tyc 2004; Tyc 2003, in press) SEDIMENTS: over 1.5 m thick; humus, loess; stratigraphy J. Mirosław-Grabowska (1995a) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1951 description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986); map and excavation, sediments studies A. Degórski (1984); excavations since 1990 B. Muzolf & B. Maryniak, B. Muzolf (1994a-d, 1997a-f, 1998a, 1999); first description of sediments J. Mirosław-Grabowska (1995a); malacofauna S.W. Alexandrowicz (2000); archaeology, stratigraphy, description of sediments and fossil fauna J. Mirosław-Grabowska, T. Madeyska, B. Muzolf, K. Stefaniak, T. Tomek, K. Wertz, P. Socha, K, Cyrek. (2007); B. Muzolf, K. Stefaniak, T. Tomek, K. Wertz, P. Socha, K. Cyrek, J. Mirosław-Grabowska, T. Madeyska (2009) STRATIGRAPHY: Quaternary (Mirosław-Grabowska 1995a; Mirosław-Grabowska et al. 2007, Muzolf et al. 2009) ARCHAEOLOGY: several cultural levels from Upper Palaeolithic (among others Aurignacian culture) till Middle Ages (Mirosław-Grabowska et al. 2007; Muzolf et al. 2009) FOSSIL FAUNA: Aves (ca. 47 taxa), Mammalia (36 taxa): Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha,, Chiroptera indet., Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, Erinaceomorpha (Vistula glaciation Holocene) (Degórski 1984; Mirosław-Grabowska et al. 2007; Muzolf et al. 2009; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) DATING OF BONES AND SINTER: bone remains: 14 C (AMS) 27.89±220 ka BP and 12.59±60 ka BP (Muzolf et al. 2009) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, Wrocław University fossil fauna (collection ZPALUWr/GBJ/); Educational-Scientific Centre of the Landscape Parks Complex of Silesian Voivodeship archaeological finds and bones. 16. SCHRONISKO OKIENNIK [Shelter Okiennik] (Cave in Dupice) NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 425 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): V.A. 15. LOCATION: environs of Skarżyce and Piaseczno, Zawiercie district ENTRANCE LOCATION: at the foot of Okiennik rock near village Skarżyce ENTRANCE ASPECT: E and NW LENGTH (m): 9 DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 380 FORMS: a chamber of relatively low ceiling opens above the slope of the rock Okiennik Wielki through a tunnel; a tight passage leads to the second entrance SEDIMENTS: over 60 cm thick, 3 strata: loam, loess, loess with humus (Demetrykiewicz, Kuźniar 1914) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: 1911 excavations, sediments studies W. Kuźniar; verification of Kuźniar s studies S. Lencewicz (1913); description of studies S. Demetrykiewicz & W. Kuźniar (1914); 1914 S. Krukowski excavations, sediments studies ( , 1921, 1922, ); mention L. Kozłowski ; (1922, 1924); description of fauna E. Niezabitowski (1938); description K. Kowalski (1951); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986); mention: E. Foltyn & J. M. Waga (1991), K. Cyrek (1992); malacofauna S.W. Alexandrowicz (2000); description and history of studies J. Partyka & A. Tyc (2004) STRATIGRAPHY: Quaternary (Krukowski 1948) ARCHAEOLOGY: several cultural levels including Middle and Upper Palaeolithic (Krukowski 1948; Cyrek 2009) FOSSIL FAUNA: Aves (2) Lagopus lagopus, Lyrurus tetrix; Mammalia (16): Lagomorpha (1) Lepus variabils = timidus, Carnivora (8) Ursus spelaeus, Hyaena spelaea, Canis lupus, Canis sp; Alopex logopus, Vulpes sp., Meles taxus = meles, Lynx lynx, Proboscidea (2) Elephas sp., Elephas primigenius, Perissodactyla (2) Equus caballus, Rhinoceros tichorhinus = Coelodonta antiquitatis, Artiodactyla (3) Cervus tarandus = Rangifer tarandus, Cervus euryceros 317

18 (=Megaceros giganteus), Bos bison = Bos or Bison, (Vistula Glaciation Holocene) (Niezabitowski 1938; Kowalski 1951; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Archaeological Museum, Warszawa, Institute of Archaeology and Etnology, PAS, Kraków 17. DZIADOWA SKAŁA CAVE (Cave in Dziadowa Skała) NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): V.A. 17 or 18. LOCATION: environs of Piaseczno, Zawiercie district ENTRANCE LOCATION: north of the village Piaseczno, in a forest at the road from Kroczyce to Morsko (black tourist trail), at the foot of rock on the hill Dziadowa Skała ENTRANCE ASPECT: NE LENGTH (m): DEPTH (m): 8 ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 365 FORMS: SEDIMENTS: uncovered profile (rock bottom not reached) composed of 9 strata: sands, sands with loam, loam with rubble, sands, loess, sands with rubble, humus EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: excavations, study and description of sediments and archaeological artifacts W. Chmielewski (1958, 1975); description of sediments J. Dylik, M. Chmielewska, W. Chmielewski (1954); description of faunal remains K. Kowalski (1958); description of sediments T. Madeyska (1981); mention K. Cyrek (1992, 1994, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2009); bird remains Z. M. Bocheński (1990); dating and taphonomy of bird remains assemblage, palaeotemperature studies M. Lorenc (2006a, b, 2007a, 2009); description of large mammal fauna, taphonomy, interpretation of archaeological and palaeontological material P. Wojtal (2007) STRATIGRAPHY: Eem interglacial, Vistulian, Holocene (Chmielewski 1958, 1975; Madeyska 1981; Wojtal 2007) ARCHAEOLOGY: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic (Chmielewski 1958, 1975; Cyrek 1992, 1994, 2001, 2004, 2009) FOSSIL FAUNA: Aves (26 taxa), Mammalia (36 taxa): Erinaceomorpha (1), Soricomorpha (1), Chiroptera (1), Lagomorpha (2), Rodentia (8), Carnivora (12), Proboscidea (1), Perissodactyla (2), Artiodactyla (8) (Kowalski 1958, Bocheński 1999, Wojtal 2007, Stefaniak et al. 2009a) DATING OF BONES AND SINTER: bird remains 14 C (AMS) 11,369±69 BP, 12,190±60 BP (stratum 7) 10,280 ±BP (stratum 8) (Lorenc 2006a, b, 2007, 2008) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum, Łódź (archaeological artifacts), Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, PAS, Kraków (fossil fauna). 18. SCHRONISKO (JASKINIA) W RUSKIEJ SKALE [Shelter (Cave) in Ruska Rock] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): LOCATION: environs of Podlesice and Kroczyce ENTRANCE LOCATION: Ruska Rock, Mt. Apteka near Podlesice ENTRANCE ASPECT: NNE and SW LENGTH (m): DEPTH (m): ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 370 FORMS: SEDIMENTS: no data 318

19 EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: description K. Kowalski (1951); 1952 excavations, sediments studies M. Chmielewska and K. Pierzchałko (Chmielewska, Pierzchałko 1956; Chmielewski 1958); bone remains K. Krysiak (1956); identification of charcoal J. Zabłocki (1956); 1989 excavations, verification of Chmielewska and Pierzchałko s studies K. Cyrek (1992, 2001, 2004, 2009) STRATIGRAPHY: Vistulian, Holocene, (Dryas III, Preboreal) (Chmielewska, Pierzchałko 1956; Chmielewski 1958) ARCHAEOLOGY: end of Palaeolithic (Chmielewska, Pierzchałko 1956; Chmielewski 1958, Cyrek 2009) FOSSIL FAUNA: Aves (2): Tetrao urogallus, Perdix perdix, Mammalia (14): Lagomorpha (3) Lepus capensis, Lepus timidus, Lepus sp., Carnivora (6) Ursus arctos, Alopex lagopus, Meles meles, Martes martes, Mustela putorius, Felis silvestris, Perissodactyla (1) Equus caballus, Artiodactyla (5) Sus scrofa, Rangifer tarandus, Capreolus capreolus, Capra and Ovis (Krysiak 1956; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum, Łódź (archaeological artifacts) 19. SCHRONISKO BABIE NOGI [Women s Legs Rock Shelter] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): V.B. 12. LOCATION: environs of Podlesice and Kroczyce ENTRANCE LOCATION: hill Dudnik, 10 m below ridge ENTRANCE ASPECT: N LENGTH (m): 22.5 DEPTH (m): 12.5 ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 410 and 420 FORMS: a nearly vertical, stony shaft developed on the basis of a fissure is accompanied by unroofed cave; on its walls numerous fragments of sinter mantle and corrosion forms characteristic of phreatic zone SEDIMENTS: loamy sediments, limestone rubble, dripstone fragments EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: first description and inventory K. Mazik & Z. Lorek (1979); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986); M. Pakiet and A. Paternoga sampling, sediments studies A. Paternoga (1997) STRATIGRAPHY: Vistulian (Late Glacial) and Holocene (Paternoga 1997, Stefaniak et al. 2009a) FOSSIL FAUNA: Gastropoda indet., Mammalia (11 taxa): Soricomorpha: Neomys fodiens, Rodentia (10): Lemmus lemmus, Microtus gregalis, Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis, Microtus oeconomus, Microtus subterraneus, Myodes glareolus, Cricetus cricetus, Ochotona pusilla, Arvicola terrestris (Paternoga 1997; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, Wrocław University (collection ZPALUWr/SBN/) 20. PODLESICE CAVE (Studnia Szpatowców [Spar Miners Shaft], Kopalnia Kalcytu w Podlesicach [Calcite Mine in Podlesice], Kowalski s Cave) NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 431 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): V.B. 17. LOCATION: environs of Podlesice and Kroczyce ENTRANCE LOCATION: hill Dudnik, foot of rocks ENTRANCE ASPECT: N LENGTH (m):

20 DEPTH (m): 36.4 ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 405 FORMS: rock void artificially opened during calcite exploitation; the sloping and vertical cave was divided by thick calcite layers into three parts, the lowest is a 19 m shaft (Kowalski 1951, 1956; Tyc in press); speleothems formerly rich, destroyed by calcite exploitation, weathered dripstones, sinter, breccia SEDIMENTS: silty, silty-loamy-sandy, loams and remains of breccia EXPLORATION AND STUDIES:1949 K. Kowalski collected bone breccia; description K. Kowalski (1951); first description of fauna K. Kowalski (1956); repeatedly mentioned and described, references and fauna in B. W. Wołoszyn (1987), K. Kowalski (1989, 1990), B. Rzebik-Kowalska (2005), A. Szynkiewicz & K. Stefaniak (2007), K. Stefaniak, A. Nadachowski, T. Tomek, P. Socha (2009). STRATIGRAPHY:?Upper Miocene Upper Pliocene (zones MN 13 and MN 14) (Kowalski 1956, 1989, 1990; Nadachowski et al. 1989; Głazek, Szynkiewicz 1987; Szynkiewicz, Stefaniak 2007; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) FOSSIL FAUNA: Amphibia (1 species), Reptilia (5 taxa), Mammalia (73 taxa): Erinaceomorpha i Soricomorpha (30 taxa), Chiroptera (12 taxa), Lagomorpha (2 taxa), Rodentia (27 taxa), Carnivora (2 taxa) (Kowalski 1956, 1959a, b, 1963, 1974, 1979, 1989, 1990, 1992; Sych 1964, 1980; Fahlbusch 1969, 1978; Black, Kowalski 1974; Rzebik-Kowalska 1971, 1975, 1976, 1981, 1989a, b, 1990a, b, 1991, 1994a, b, 1995, 2005; Skoczeń 1976, 1980; Agadjanian, Kowalski 1978; Szyndlar 1984; Wołoszyn 1987, 1989; Pradel 1988; Bocheński 1989, 1993; Młynarski, Szyndlar 1989; Nadachowski 1989, 1990b; Wolsan 1989a, b; Harrison, Rzebik-Kowalska 1991, 1992, 1994; Daoud 1993; Godawa 1993; Miękina 1995; Fostowicz-Frelik 2006; Szynkiewicz, Stefaniak 2007; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Museum of the Earth, Warszawa, Institute of Palaeobiology, PAS, Warsaw, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, PAS, Kraków 21. SCHRONISKO W PODLESICACH KOŁO KROCZYC I [Shelter in Podlesice near Kroczyce I] NUMBER IN K. KOWALSKI S CATALOGUE (1951): 432 NUMBER IN M. SZELEREWICZ & A. GÓRNY S CATALOGUE (1986): V.B. 15. LOCATION: environs of Podlesice and Kroczyce ENTRANCE LOCATION: hill Dudnik, 10 m below ridge ENTRANCE ASPECT: SE LENGTH (m): 22.5 DEPTH (m): 12.5 ENTRANCE ALTITUDE (m a.s.l.): 410 FORMS: weathered speleothems SEDIMENTS: rubble, sand, loam, humus (Paternoga 1997) EXPLORATION AND STUDIES: description K. Kowalski (1951); description and inventory K. Mazik & Z. Lorek (1979); mention M. Szelerewicz & A. Górny (1986); M. Pakiet and A. Paternoga sampling, sediments studies (Paternoga 1997) STRATIGRAPHY: Holocene (Paternoga 1997; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) FOSSIL FAUNA: Gastropoda indet, Mammalia (8): Soricomorpha (1) Sorex araneus, Rodentia (7) Myodes glareolus, Microtus cf. agrestis, Microtus oeconomus, Microtus subterraneus, Apodemus cf. flavicolis, Glis glis, Muscardinus avelanarius (Paternoga 1997; Stefaniak et al. 2009a) REPOSITORY OF MATERIALS: Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, Wrocław University (collection ZPALUWr/SPI/) 320