AIR QUALITY PROTECTION PROJECT

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1 AIR QUALITY PROTECTION PROJECT Bialystok University Of Technology Faculty Of Civil Engineering And Environmental Engineering FIELD OF STUDY: Environmental Engineering SPECIALIZATION: Advanced Technologies In Environmental Engineering, Full-Time 2nd Degree (Msc) COURSE NAME: Air Protection (Ee1103) SPROJECT CLASSES NO. 2

2 Based on project content assignments during 2 nd and 3 rd project classes land use plan was drawn. Students get learnt to identify potential sources of emission, classify the types of emitters. Results shown below (pic. 1). PICTURE 1, SOURCE: OWN WORK During operation, the plant may occur the emission of dust and \ or gaseous. The specified processes or potential sources are described below, with particular emphasis on the possible emission during operation and its kind. 1-2) Raw materials/products storage - negligibly small emission, if there is such possibility - unorganized emission may occur; 3) cutting, extruding and other metal forming processes: HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

3 USEPA was given the authority to regulate air toxics. Substances of interest to metalformers include: compounds containing cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel, most organic solvents commonly used for coating metal and metal cleaning. Metalformers that are significant sources of HAPS will become subject to regulation in order to meet the ambient air quality standards. The standards will require regulated metalformers to apply the Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) which is required to consider energy, environmental, and economic impacts in much the same way that Best Achievable Control Technology (BACT).To reduce their emission of HAPS (Hazardous Air Pollutants) by adddition of control equipment and compliance with a set of work practice standards use of cover, automated parts handler and other work practice standards, reduction of draft around the degreaser etc., or compliance with a total emissions limit for the facility s solvent cleaning operation. VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS (VOCs) The standard of interest to metalformers is ozone. Ground-level ozone results from the reaction of volatile organic compounds with nitrogen oxides. Many of the substances used by metalformers in metal parts cleaning, are VOCs. OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES The Montreal Protocol - substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The regulation categorizes these substances into two classes: l Class I includes, Chlorofluorocarbons, Halons, Carbon Tetrachloride, Methyl Chloroform (l,l,l, Trichloroethane); l Class II includes: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Metalformers may decide to change to waterbased cleaning processes, or at least to use non-ozone depleting solvents 1. 4) welding - pollutants are formed by the action of the plasma arc on primary and secondary material. In the arc undergo process of melting the material, evaporation and oxidation of metal vapor is formed. In an atmosphere at a lower temperature followed by a condensation process to form particles of different sizes. Other compounds may be created as a result of high temperature on oxygen and nitrogen in the air, but also at surfaces with VOCs. UV light may 1

4 induce a reaction of forming other active oxygen elements. Some pollutants may dissociate. The level of fumes(emissions) produced during welding from highest to lowest: MMA > MIG/MAG > TIG. 7-9) Painting, film production Major pollutants come from solvents used to produce paint or resin. To obtain information about chemical composition of solvent see: Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 2, where you get all information about the product composition and helath hazards and risks. Example of one: 1. Identification of material: Trade name: PJC Flex 50 ink 2. Chemical Constitution: PJC Flex 50 ink is a mixture of ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, cellulose nitrate and organic pigments. Substance CAS number Ethyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Ethyl acetate Cellulose nitrate Odour threshold: mg/m 3 (ethyl acetate). Inhalation of ink s vapors can cause nose, throat irritation, one is getting drowsy. Prolonged irritation brings headache, giddiness. Prolonged contact can cause skin irritation; skin is getting dry. Contact with eyes can cause strong irritation, inflammation of cornea. Ink consumption can cause stomach ache, depression, head ache. Big amount of swallowed ink can cause coma. In many times chemical constitution is given in percentage of hazardous compound which allow us to calculate emission of VOCs see pic.2 and pic 3.: 2

5 PICTURE 2 SOURCE: PICTURE 3 SOURCE:

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