A R C H I V E S O F M E T A L L U R G Y A N D M A T E R I A L S Volume Issue 1 DOI: /amm

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Edyta Kaczmarek
8 lat temu
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1 A R C H I V E S O F M E T A L L U R G Y A N D M A T E R I A L S Vlume 9 Issue DOI: 0.78/amm--006 B. OLESIA, J. ŁABAJ, J. WIECZORE, A. BLACHA-GRZECHNI, R. BURDZI SURFACE TENSION OF Cu Bi ALLOYS AND WETTABILITY IN A LIQUID ALLOY REFRACTORY MATERIAL GASEOUS PHASE SYSTEM NAPIĘCIE POWIERZCHNIOWE STOPÓW Cu Bi ORAZ ZWILŻALNOŚĆ W UŁADZIE: CIEŁY STOP MATERIAŁ OGNIOTRWAŁY FAZA GAZOWA The study invlved measurements f surface tensin f liquid binary cpper-bismuth allys with respect t their chemical cmpsitin and temperature as well as investigatins f the liquid ally refractry material gaseus phase system wettability using usual refractry materials, i.e. aluminium xide, magnesium xide and graphite. The experiments were perfrmed with the use f sessile drp methd and a high-temperature micrscpe cupled with a camera and a cmputer was utilised. eywrds: surface tensin, cntact angle, wettability, sessile drp methd, high-temperature micrscpe, liquid Cu-Bi allys W ramach pracy przeprwadzne zstały pmiary napięcia pwierzchniweg ciekłych dwuskładnikwych stpów miedzi z bizmutem, w funkcji składu chemiczneg i temperatury raz badania zwilżalnści w układzie: ciekły stp- materiał gnitrwały-faza gazwa z wykrzystaniem typwych materiałów gnitrwałych, t jest tlenku glinu, tlenku magnezu raz grafitu. Badania wyknan metdą krpli leżącej, przy użyciu mikrskpu wysktemperaturweg sprzężneg z kamerą i kmputerem.. Intrductin Surface tensin f liquid metals and allys as well as wettability n a liquid-slid phase cntact surface affect, amng thers, curses f phenmena at interfaces during pyrmetallurgical prcesses f metal prductin and refinement as well as during casting prcesses. In additin, an imprtant factr here is presence f surface-active substances in metals and allys. These prperties are bserved fr several elements, e.g. xygen, sulphur, lead, antimny r selenium. Surface-active substances accumulate at interfaces and mst cmmnly affect surface tensin and cntact angle values. Fr pyrmetallurgical prcesses, they can influence their rates, usually thrugh inhibitin; hwever, there are cases when they increase rates f prcesses at interfaces. Surface tensin and wettability als highly affect refractry material crrsin as well as they are imprtant factrs fr prcesses f metal cating applicatin, casting and cmpsite material prductin [-0]. At present, when metallurgical and casting mdelling as well as material prperty mdelling becme increasingly ppular, such parameters as surface tensin, cntact angles, density r viscsity f the liquid phase are f particular imprtance [-]. The study invlved measurements f surface tensin f liquid binary cpper-bismuth allys with respect t their chemical cmpsitin and temperature as well as investigatins f the liquid ally refractry material gaseus phase system wettability using usual refractry materials, i.e. aluminium xide, magnesium xide and graphite.. Methdlgy Fr the investigatins f surface tensin and wettability, cpper-bismuth allys, cntaining,,,,, 0,,,, Bi, were used. Samples f the abve allys were prepared t frm cylinders f apprximately mm in diameter and height. Fr surface tensin measurements, the samples were placed n mm x 9 mm Al O plates in the wrking chamber f a measuring device. Fr wettability investigatins, MgO and graphite plates were als applied. As prtective atmsphere during the experiments, argn 6.0 was utilised. The investigatins f surface tensin and wettability were perfrmed using the sessile drp methd. A high-temperature micrscpe cupled with a camera and a cmputer was applied. The sample images were displayed n the screen and recrded by the cmputer, which ensured that measurements f relevant gemetrical parameters f the liquid metal r ally drp and determinatin f surface tensin and cntact angle SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND METALLURGY, -09 ATOWICE, 8 RASINSIEGO STR., POLAND SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY, -00 GLIWICE, 9 STRZODY STR., POLAND SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF TRANSPORT, -09 ATOWICE, 8 RASINSIEGO STR., POLAND

2 8 culd be subsequently perfrmed. A detailed descriptin f the measuring equipment and measurement methds is presented in several already published papers [,, -7]. The surface tensin and wettability investigatins were cnducted at 7,, 7, and 7.. Study results Results f the surface tensin measurements fr liquid cpper-bismuth allys f maximum Bi cntent are presented in Table. Results f the cntact angle measurements fr the liquid ally refractry material gaseus phase system are presented in Tables -. TABLE Results f the liquid Cu-Bi ally surface tensin measurements Density, kg m Surface tensin, mn m cd. TABLE TABLE Results f the cntact angle measurements fr the liquid cpper-bismuth ally aluminium xide gaseus phase system Cntact angle,

3 8 cd. TABLE TABLE Results f the cntact angle measurements fr the liquid cpper-bismuth ally magnesium xide gaseus phase system Cntact angle, cd. TABLE TABLE Results f the cntact angle measurements fr the liquid cpper-bismuth ally graphite gaseus phase system Cntact angle,

4 Summary cd. TABLE The results f measurements f liquid Cu-Bi ally surface tensin have revealed a significant effect f the bismuth additive n the parameter values. In cpper, bismuth acts as a surface-active substance like e.g. xygen, sulphur r lead. A slightly increased Bi fractin in the Cu-Bi ally leads t a markedly reduced surface tensin, which is illustrated by the Cu-Bi surface tensin values in Table. When the bismuth fractin in the ally is and higher, the surface tensin is near the value fr pure bismuth. This may suggest accumulatin f Bi at the liquid ally-gaseus phase interface as fr ther knwn surface-active substances. The temperature rise causes a linear decrease in the surface tensin f Cu-Bi allys. The wettability investigatins fr the liquid cpper-bismuth ally refractry material gaseus phase system shw that this element causes reductin in the values f cntact angles at Al O, MgO and graphite surfaces. Fr these allys, the effect f temperature rise n the abve material wettability imprvement is als bserved. While analysing the results f wettability studies n liquid metal (ally) slid metal xide btained by Najdicz [] and cnsidering his wettability thery, it can be assumed that the investigated Cu-Bi allys, when in cntact with ther thermdynamically stable xides (e.g. CaO, ZrO, SiO ), will shw a similar behaviur t that bserved fr aluminium and magnesium xides. Acknwledgements The study was cnducted under the Research Prject N. N N8 869, financed by the Ministry f Science and Higher Educatin Pland. REFERENCES [] G. S i w i e c, B. O l e k s i a k, A. S m a l c e r z, J. W i e c - z r e k, Surface tensin f Cu-Ag allys, Archives f Metallurgy and Materials 8 (), 9-9 (). [] G. S i w i e c, B. O l e k s i a k, P. F l ę g a, T. M a t u ł a, Wettability in the liquid Cu-Ag ally fireprf material gas phase system, Metalurgija (), -6 (). [] J. Ł a b a j, G. S i w i e c, B. O l e k s i a k, Surface tensin f expanded slag frm steel manufacturing in electrical furnace, Metalurgija (), 9- (). [] L. B l a c h a, G. S i w i e c, B. O l e k s i a k, Lss f aluminium during the prcess f Ti-Al-V ally smelting in a vacuum inductin melting (VIM) furnace, Metalurgija (), - (). [] J.W. N a j d i c z, ntaktnyie javlienija v mietallurgiczeskich rasplavach, Naukwa Dumka, ijów (97). [6] L. B l a c h a, Untersuchungen der antimnentfernungsgeschwindigkeit aus blisterkupfer im przess der vakuumraffinatin, Archives f Metallurgy and Materials (), (0). [7] L. B l a c h a, R. B u r d z i k, A. S m a l c e r z, T. M a t u ł a, Effects f pressure n the kinetics f manganase evapratin frm the OT ally, Archives f Metallurgy and Materials 8 (), 97- (). [8] A. L i s i e c k i, Welding f titanium ally by Disk laser, Laser Technlgy : Applicatins f Lasers, Prceedings f SPIE 870 (). [9] T. W ę g r z y n, The influence f nickel and nitrgen n impact tughness prperties f lw ally basic electrde steel depsits, th Internatinal Offshre and Plar Engineering Cnference (ISOPE-0) Stavanger, Nrway (0). [0] J. Ł a b a j, G. S i w i e c, L. B l a c h a, R. B u r d z i k, The rle f a gas phase in the evapratin prcess f vlatile cmpnents f the metal bath, Metalurgija (), -7 (). [] S. A m r e, J. B r i l l, I. E g r y, R. N v a k w i c, Surface tensin f liquid Cu Ti binary allys measured by electrmagnetic levitatin and thermdynamic mdeling, Applied Surface Science 7, (). [] P. F i m a,. W i a t e r, M. u c h a r s k i, The surface tensin and density f the Cu-Ag-In allys, Surface Science 60 (6), 8-87 (07). [] M. u c h a r s k i, P. F i m a, The surface tensin and density f liquid Ag-Bi, Ag-Sn, and Bi-Sn allys, Mnatshefte fur Chemie 6 (), 8-86 (0). [] G. S i w i e c, J. B t r, M. u c h a r s k i, Mdeling and eksperimental measurements f surface tensins f Cu-Pb-Fe allys, Archives f Metallurgy and Materials (), 67-7 (09).

5 8 [] J. W i l l n e r, G. S i w i e c, J. B t r, The surface tensin f liquid Cu-Fe-Sb allys, Applied Surface Science 6 (9), 99-9 (0). [6] G. S i w i e c, J. B t r, B. M a c h u l e c, The surface tensin determinatin thrught the estimatin f the parameters f the sessile drp equatin, Archives f Metallurgy 8 (), 9- (0). [7] G. S i w i e c, J. B t r, The influence f antimny, lead and sulphur n the surface tensin f liquid cpper, Archives f Metallurgy and Materials 9 (), 6-6 (0). Received: 0 May.

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