Czasowniki modalne. sale yesterday.

Transkrypt

1 Czasowniki modalne Wszystkie czasowniki modalne łączą się z bezokolicznikiem bez to. Wyjątkiem jest czasownik ought to, gdzie to stanowi część czasownika. Pytania z czasownikiem modalnym tworzymy poprzez inwersje, przenosimy czasownik modalny przed podmiot. Can słuŝy do wyraŝania: - Umiejętności, I can drive a car. - Przypuszczenia, He can already be at home. - Prośby, Can you help me? - Przyzwolenia, Sure I can do it. Could słuŝy do wyrazania: - Umiejętności, Ithink I could repair it. - MoŜliwości, They could know the answer. - Prośby, Could you help me? - MoŜliwości w czasie przeszłym, jeśli nie zostały wykorzystane, I could buy that shirt on sale yesterday. May - słuŝy do wyrazania: - Przypuszczenia i prawdopodobieństwa w teraźniejszości i przyszłości, I may pass the test next time. - Przyzwolenia, You may buy a chocolate. - Pytania o przyzwolenie, May I open the window? Might - słuŝy do wyrazania: - Przypuszczenia i prawdopodobieństwa w teraźniejszości i przyszłości, Thye might know what to do. - Przyzwolenia, You might borrow my money. - Bardzo grzecznej prośby, Might I ask what your name is sir? 1

2 Must - słuŝy do wyrazania: - Konieczności, I must buy a new jeans. Musn t- słuŝy do wyrazania: - Zakazu, You musn t smoke here. Have to - słuŝy do wyrazania: - Polecenia, I have to clean my room because my mum tells me to. Needn t- słuŝy do wyrazania: - Braku konieczności, You needn t work so hard. Will- słuŝy do wyrazania: - Postanowienia, - Obietnicy - Prośby, Will you hold this for me? Shall- słuŝy do wyrazania: - Ofert, sugestii, propozycji - MoŜe być stosowny zamiennie z will w pierwszej osobie. Would - słuŝy do wyrazania: - Przypuszczenia w teraźniejszości lub przyszłości, She would never tell me a lie. - Prośby, would you pick up kids today? Should/ought to - słuŝy do wyrazania: - Krytyki, You should be more careful. - Obowiązku, You should always pay your bills. - Prawdopobobieństwa, She should be here any minute. 2

3 Ćwiczenia: I. Przekształć zdania uŝywając pogrubionych wyrazów. 1. Please, help me with these boxes! could 2. I m sure he is her husband. must 3. Why don t we go to the cinema? shall 4. It wasn t necessary for you to do the shopping. need 5. There is a chance that she will come later. might 6. Don t use my toothbrush. must 7. I don t believe she know Hugh Grant! can 8. Why didn t you tell me that she will be here? could 9. I wish I have checked the tickets. ought 10. It s a good idea to lock the door at night. should 11. Perhaps John will change his mind. may 12. Let s go to the disco. shall II. Uzupełnij zdania odpowiednia formą lub frazą uŝywając czasownika z nawiasu. 1. Call her later. She..(be) at work. 2. You (not/smoke) cigarettes in public places. 3. Julia.(write) to her parents more often. 4..(we/go) to the gym, please? 5. You. (start) learning French if you re going to stay in Paris. 6. He (learn) all night. He looks exhausted. 7..(make) you tea? 8. I m sorry to bother you but (you/help) me carry this bag? 9. Some boys are playing football in the flower beds. They (play) there. 10. The grass is still short. You (cut)it. III. Wybierz poprawna odpowiedź. 1. He really anything. They kept him at gun point all the time. a) mustn t do 3

4 b)needn t have to do c) can t have done d)couldn t do 2. I understand you. It.. embarrassing to ask them for money. a) must b) had to be c) must have been d) should have been 3. The view took my breath away. Luckily, I took my camera and I.some wonderful photos. a) can take b) mustn t have taken c)could have taken d)was able to take 4. You really the washing up. I ve got a dishwasher nearly full. a) didn t need to do b)couldn t have done c)mustn t b do d) needn t have done 5. If it hadn t been for your help, I.. the house in time. a) wouldn t decorated b) couldn t decorated c)couldn t have decorated d)may not have decorated 6. She is always so kind! She..to insult you. a)wasn t able to mean b)can t have meant c) might have meant d)mustn t have meant 7. When I was young, I very well. a)can have swim b) was able to swim 4

5 c) could swim d)could have swim 8. I m not sure why he hasn t come yet. I think he. the train. a)can have missed b)might miss c) might have missed d) must missed Słówka: Faculty - zmysł, zdolność Hilarious prześmieszny Diver nurek Chug sapać Trap pułpka Odpowiedzi: I. 1. Could you help me with these boxes? 2. He must be her husband 3. Shall we go to the cinema? 4.You needn t have to do the shopping 5. She might come later. 6. You mustn t use my toothbrush. 7. She can t know Hugh Grant. 8. You could have told me that she will be here. 9. I ought to have checked the tickets. 10. You should lock the door at night. 11. John may change his mind. 12 Shall we go to the disco? 5

6 II. 1. must 2. mustn t smoke 3. should write 4. Can we go 5. should start 6. must have learned 7. Shall I make 8. could you help 9. mustn t play 10. needn t cut III. 1. d 2. c 3. d 4. d 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. c Wszelkie prawa zastrzeŝone TwojAngielski.pl 6