D. Kiełczewska. Super-Kamiokande after upgrade. Jan 2006 Copyright by Paweł Przewłocki

Transkrypt

1 D. Kiełczewska Super-Kamiokande after upgrade. Jan 006 Copyright by Paweł Przewłocki

2 Future long-baseline program What remains to be measured via neutrino oscillations Which problems need to be solved (degeneracies) Current experiments: MiniBoone Minos (K. Grzelak coming soon!) Future experiments Double-Chooz TK NOvA JK (Japan to Korea) Super-NOvA D. Kiełczewska

3 Four new initiatives approved by DoE HEP office Nov. 005 (CriticalDecision0 level) A generic accelerator-based electron neutrino appearance experiment to measure neutrino mixing and to probe the neutrino mass hierarchy 1) NOvA ) TK 3) do nothing A generic reactor-based neutrino detector to precisely measure neutrino mixing 1) Double Chooz, ) Daya Bay, 3) Braidwood 4) do nothing A generic ground-based dark energy experiment A generic neutrinoless double beta decay experiment to probe the Majorana nature and an absolute mass scale of neutrinos D. Kiełczewska

4 Status of: Neutrino masses Normal hierarchy Reversed hierarchy U ei U µi U τi Already measured: 3 m3 = ( ) 10 90% c.l. 5 m 1 = 7.9 ± ev D. Kiełczewska Unless MiniBoone complicates the whole picture

5 What about LSND observations or Is there a 4-th light neutrino a sterile ν? ν µ ν e significantly coupled with active A global analysis of all atmosph., solar, accelerator and reactor data by: SND sol very weakly coupled with active excluded at 5.1 σ M. Maltoni et al, hep-ph/ Mini-Boone results? LSND atm D. Kiełczewska also inconsistent with existing data

6 MiniBooNE (00~) (Fermilab) ν µ ν e at m 1eV (LSND) 8 GeV proton beam (Be target) Eν~700 MeV, L~541m (L/E~0.77) Mineral Oil Cherenkov Detector 800 tons 180 eight-inch PMT s 40 PMT for VETO. Michel e from µ decay µ candidate 611,000 ν events D. Kiełczewska π 0 candidate

7 MiniBoone results soon POT (Proposal) LSND 90% 90% 3σ 5σ POT (now) LSND 90% 90% 3σ 5σ PANIC, Oct 05 At the current time have collected 6.5x10 0 p.o.t. Plan is to open the box when analysis is ready. Problems with cross sections Next step: Need to run with since LSND signal was ν µ ν Jan 006: Started to run Antineutrinos e ν µ ν µ MiniBooNE has the sensitivity now D. Kiełczewska Djurcic, PANIC05

8 Dalej zakładamy tylko 3 stany masowe D. Kiełczewska

9 Neutrino masses to be measured Normal hierarchy U ei U µi sin ϑ 13 Reversed hierarchy U τi m 3 > 0 m 3 < 0 Already measured: To be measured: 3 m3 = ( ) 10 90% c.l. 5 m 1 = 7.9 ± ev And improve D. Kiełczewska precision of: sgn( m ) 3 m 3

10 Dlaczego ustalenie hierarchii jest ważne? sgn( m ) 3 9 mev normalne mev D. Kiełczewska odwrócone Większa szansa na pomiar m ββ β 0ν większe

11 Parametrization of mixing matrix iα1 / νe e ν 1 iα / νµ = U e ν ν ν τ 3 c α are Majorana phases = cosθ s = sin θ ij ij ij ij cc sc se U= s c c s s c c s s s e s c s s c c s e c s s c s e c c iδ iδ iδ i δ θ1 θ3 θ13 δ (CP violation) D. Kiełczewska

12 Status of: the mixing matrix c s c 0 s e i δ s1 c1 0 = 0 c3 s iδ s 3 c 3 s 13e 0 c13 solar atmospheric c CP = cosθ s = sin θ ij ij ij ij o ϑ 3 > sin 0.90 at 90% c.l. (37-53 ) o - is it maximal? Which octant? +.4 ϑ1 = + ϑ1 =. sin ( 33.9 ) o ϑ13 ϑ13 sin < 0.14 at 90% c.l. ( < 10 ) -isitzero? - more precisely To be measured: D. Kiełczewska ϑ ϑ δ 3 13

13 Czyli pozostają pytania: Jak duży jest ϑ 13 Czy ϑ 3 jest maksymalny czy też: Czy widmo mas normalne (podobne do kwarkowego) czy odwrócone? Czy neutrina zachowują CP? D. Kiełczewska

14 Degeneracja ϑ 3 ϑ3 wyznaczamy z eksperymentu disappearance : 3 P( ν ν ) 1 sin ϑ sin µ µ 1.7 m E 3 L Jeżeli ϑ 3 45 ϑ to niepewność 3 lub 90 ϑ3 propaguje się w formułach zawierających sinϑ D. Kiełczewska

15 How to measure ϑ 13 sin ϑ 13 We need: an experiment sensitive to i.e. L/E ~500 km/gev m atm involving ν e Reactor ν e ν e disappearance e.g. Chooz - the best current limit: sin ϑ < for m = 0.05 ev for m = 0.00 ev Accelerator ν µ ν e appearance 1.7 m P vac ( νµ νe ) sin ϑ13 sin ϑ3 sin E 13 L at one of the prob. max: 1 P vac µ e = D. Kiełczewska ( ν ν ) sin ϑ 13

16 How to measure ϑ 13 sin ϑ 13 We need: an experiment sensitive to i.e. L/E ~300 km/gev m atm involving ν e L E km 300 GeV D. Kiełczewska ν e reactor at L~1 km ( of a few MeV) disappearance: accelerator long baseline ( ν, ν of GeV) appearance: ν ν ν µ µ e ν ν ν e e e µ µ

17 θ 13 mixing angle from global analysis m atm at 3σ from solar, KamLAND and CHOOZ (90%,3σ) sigma: sin ϑ < sin ϑ13 < 0.0 at 90% M. Maltoni, T. Schwetz, M. Tortola and J. Valle, hep-ph/ D. Kiełczewska

18 Eksperymenty typu disappearance P( ν ν ) = δ 4 Re * * ( U iu iu ju j) α β αβ α β α β i> j * * ( UαiUβiUα juβ j) sin ± Im sin i> j W eksperymentach disappearnce : * * ( UαiUβiUα juβ j) Im = 0 for α = β ij ij 1.7 ij ij E ν ml - for neutrinos + for antineutrinos W szczególności w eksperymentach reaktorowych: 1.7 m13l m P( νe νe) 1 sin ϑ sin cos ϑ sin ϑ sin E E L Czysty pomiar ϑ 13 Efekt <10% ale nic więcej! D. Kiełczewska W szczególności nie ma zależności od fazy CPV

19 ν µ ν e appearance where: P( ν ν ) = µ 4s s c ( δ ) sin s s s c c c cos s s s 8s s s c c c sinδ sin sin sin ij E ν D. Kiełczewska sin sin cos s c ( c c + s s c s s s c c cos δ ) sin 8s s c s e αl ( 1 s ) s 4 E sin ϑ, c cosϑ ij ij ij ij 1.7 ij 13 sin 13 co 3 ml α = GnE F e matter effects CP violation 1 matter effects 1 << 13 solar s 1 large is a good news!

20 How to measure (cont.) Reactor experiments which have relatively short baselines and very low energies will measure: but not: δ, sgn( m ), nor sin ϑ down to m13, sin ϑ3 A number of different sites for reactor experiments are considered: - Brasil, China (Daya Bay), France (Double Chooz), Japan (KASKA), Russia, Taiwan and USA (Braidwood ) Complementary to accelerator experiments D. Kiełczewska

21 D. Kiełczewska

22 D. Motta, D. Kiełczewska Epiphany 006

23 D. Kiełczewska

24 D. Kiełczewska

25 D. Kiełczewska

26 Eksperymenty reaktorowe - NUSAG or more identical liquid scint Double Chooz syst.7% to %, 65 ton/detek Braidwood, Ill, 4 identyczne detek, 3 różne odl,, przesuwane ta sama głębokość żeby odjąć tlo od mionów Daya Bay Źródła tła: przypadkowe koincydencje e+ - gamma - ocena z pomiarów neutrony z mionów CR duże weto na miony i absorber neutronow naokoło dlugozyciowe (>100ms) izotopy (8He i 9Li) produkowane przez mion i rozpadajace się na e+ + n Starzenie się scyntyl: CHOOZ atenuacja światła 5m, starzenie 0.4%/dzień Nowe scyntyl: 15 m; stała > 0dni D. Kiełczewska

27 Eksperymenty reaktorowe - czułości Double-Chooz Braidwood błąd syst 0.6% 0.3% det % tlo 5 lat st13 90% disc 3s Dane od: daleki detek bliski 009 czułośc raczej stat koszt 65M$ D. Kiełczewska

28 How to measure CP violating phase δ In vacuum the shift in oscil. prob. due to δ is: ( ν ν ) 0.9 sin ϑ sin sin (cosδcos sinδsin ) P δ µ e 13 sol atm atm atm -for + for ν ν = atm = sol 1.7 m E 3 1 L 1.7 m L E Asymmetry: P( ν ν ) P( ν ν ) µ e µ P( ν ν ) + P( ν ν ) µ e µ measures δ (if CP is violated through δ) e e D. Kiełczewska from Noνa proposal

29 CP violation P( ν ν ) = δ 4 Re ( * * U ) iu iu ju j α β αβ α β α β i> j i> j ( * * U ) αiuβiuα juβ j sin ± Im sin ij ij ij 1.7 ij E ν ml - for neutrinos + for antineutrinos CP violation can be observed only in appearance experiments because : ( * * U ) αiuβiuα juβ j Im = 0 for D. Kiełczewska CPV: P( ν ν ) P( ν ν ) α β α β α = β but CPT invariance implies: P( ν ν ) = P( ν ν ) α α α α

30 ν µ ν - efekty w materii e W eksperymencie appearance : 1.7 m L P( νµ νe) sin ϑ3 sin ϑ13 sin w próżni E W materii mamy elektywny kąt mieszania 13 E sin ϑm sin ϑ 13 1± s 6 GeV czułość na charakter widma zależy od wyrażnie większa dla eksperymentu z energią wiązki ~ GeV (Nova) niż 0.6 GeV (TK) ϑ D. Kiełczewska + neutrina - antyneutrin s=1 normalne widmo s=-1 odwrócone widmo

31 How to measure 3 sgn( m ) Matter effects: δ m Effective mixing angle: due to a difference in interactions of flavors with electrons: E( V) δ m ± cos ϑ different sign for E sin ϑm sin ϑ 13 1± s 6 GeV ν Note: matter effects grow with energy ν ( ν ) and of different V = ν G F n e + neutrinos - antyneutrinos s=1 normal s=-1 reversed Good news: matter effects are sensitive to 3 sgn( m ) Bad news: matter effects can mimic CP violation in vacuum D. Kiełczewska

32 sgn( m ) How to measure - matter effects can be confused with CP violation (in vacuum) 3 ν ν from Noνa proposal D. Kiełczewska

33 Program for long-baseline experiments (next ~10-15 years) Measurement Method Experiments Why? m 3 ν µ ϑ 3 ϑ13 Hierarchy ν CP ν ν e disapp. Minos as above ν e D. Kiełczewska µ τ Better precision for further studies TK, Nova Max. mixing (a symmetry? or which octant appear. Minos, TK, Nova =0? A symmetry? Essential for disapp. Reactor Hierarchy and CP ν e vs ν e JK, Super-Nova, appearance BNL Unification, Leptogenesis, Ω ν τ appear. OPERA To check oscil. scenario

34 NuMi Fermilab (Neutrinos at the Main INjector) started in Jan 005 with MINOS detector nextsuper-beam with detectors NOvA (approved) Super-Nova discussed ½ Batch (empty) Batch 1 Pbar Target Batch 6 ½ Batch (empty) Main Injector Batch Batch 5 Batch 3 Batch 4 NuMI D. Kiełczewska K. Lang, Como, Oct 05

35 Experimental setup: NuMI beam ν µ CC Events/kt/year in Far Det (no oscillations) Monte Carlo (preliminary) Low Medium High 470 1,70,740 (for 4x10 0 protons on target/year) D. Kiełczewska K. Lang, Como, Oct 05 Far Det Now: 1 event / ~4hrs

36 MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) Two detectors Iron (magnetized) - scintillator sampling calorimeter ND FD Far detector fully operational since 003 Far Detector Near detector Far detector D. Kiełczewska

37 NuMi beam 1x10 0 pot/yr achieved in 005 Def: pot protons on target MINOS would like to integrate 5x10 0 (in a ~5 yr run) Original MINOS proposal 3.7x10 0 pot = 7.4x10 0 pot Proposals at Fermilab to upgrade the accelerator complex Upgraded NuMi beam pot/year - Proton Driver to reach 7.x10 0 pot/yr by 009 up to 5x10 0 pot/year D. Kiełczewska

38 NuMi future according to NUSAG (Mar 006) In the era after Run II at Fermilab ends, it is estimated that the Main Injector will be able to deliver protons per year to the NuMI target, corresponding to ~0.6 MW of protons at 10 GeV. Fermilab contemplates upgrades to this beam power. Under consideration is a Proton Driver replacing the lower-energy accelerators feeding the Main Injector, perhaps with a superconducting linac using technology similar to that proposed for the International Linear Collider. With upgrades to the Main Injector to handle the increased flux, the power to the neutrino production target would increase to MW. As an alternative, if priorities and budgets do not allow a Proton Driver, Fermilab could pursue a more incremental path that might yield 1 MW or more D. Kiełczewska

39 MINOS Physics Program Decisive low-systematics observation of ν µ ν τ (oscillatory pattern) Determine m 3 with ~10% accuracy Measure (or improve limits) on ν µ ν e / ν µ ν sterile / exotics improve CHOOZ limit by a factor of in Test CPT in atmospheric CC µ charge-separated interactions ϑ Sensitivity is determined by statistical fluctuation For m = ev D. Kiełczewska Systematic uncertainty PANIC, Oct 05

40 Oscillation experiments with Super Beams Intense conventional (π decays) neutrino sources (>0.5 MW) Off axis technology TK Nova site Japan USA beam being constructed NuMi (upgraded) E ν (peak) 0.76 GeV. GeV distance 95 km 81 km Far detector Super-Kamiokande to be built of mass (FV).5 kton 30 kton Owing to higher energy, NOvA will have a three-fold bigger matter effect Combining the NOvA and D. Kiełczewska TK results will facilitate the separation of CP from matter effects.

41 p TK Off Axis Beam π Decay Pipe θ ν Super-K 0m 140m 80m km 95 km Muon ~140m First front Second front ~km Far 95km -Super-Kamiokande Kinematics of π decay E ν 0.43 E = 1 + γ θ π Tunable at oscillation max Neutrino energy D. Kiełczewska Quasi monochromatic beam Reduced tail at high ν energies helps 0 to reduce background due to π production

42 TK (Tokai to Kamioka) D. Kiełczewska J-PARC accel. PS: TK I: 0.75 MW at 50 (40) GeV (0xKK) 1.5 G$ (7 years)) TK II: 4 MW 0.4 G$ Data taking starts in 009 beam designed for both: phase I and phase II: 4 Hyper-Kamiok.

43 Phase I Far Detector Phase II Super-Kamiokande Hyper-Kamiokande D. Kiełczewska JPARC -3 o OA beam will cover both sites Good Hyper-K site in another mine nearby

44 TK Collaboration (formed in 003) D. Kiełczewska 1 countries, 53 institutions ~150 collaborators (not incl. students)

45 J-PARC Facility Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Hadron Beam Facility Nuclear Transmutation 500 m Neutrino to Kamiokande Linac (350m) 3 GeV Synchrotron (5 Hz, 1MW) 50 GeV Synchrotron (0.75 MW) J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex D. Kiełczewska K. Nishikawa, Korea

46 J-PARC Facility (TOKAI Japan) D. Kiełczewska

47 J-PARC Facility (TOKAI Japan) Decay pipe construction Jan 006 Main Ring D. Kiełczewska Feb. 9, 005

48 TK - Near/Intermediate detectors UA1 Magnet yoke Magnet ECAL ECAL TPCs FGDs Magnet coils beam Pi-zero Tracker D. Kiełczewska Lq. Ar TPC Water Cherenkov Muon Ranger The Experimental facility at km is not approved yet.

49 New near neutrino detector for TK UA1 Magnet is proposed by Euopean collaborators. (Italian group takes a responsibility.) Muon range detector EM calorimeter π0 detector FGD FGD TPC The detector is under DESIGN D. Kiełczewska FGD: Fine-Grained Detector Nakaya, Venice 005

50 Conceptual Design for Near Off-Axis detector - UA1 magnet - Fine Grained Detector (FGD) - TPC - P0D - ECAL, etc On-Axis detector - Monitor beam direction - Grid layout D. Kiełczewska

51 θ 13 measurement (ν e appearance search) sin θ 3 =1and δ=0 are assumed. Signal: 1ring e-like event (CC QE sample) Background: beam ν e contamination (0.4% of ν µ ) mis-reconstructed π 0 event e x0.4% ν µ ν e π D. Kiełczewska Nakaya, Venice 005

52 θ 13 Sensitivity (w/ δbg sys =10%) m (ev ) 10-90%C.L. sensitivity x0 CHOOZ excluded sin θ Sensitivity versus time δbg=0% δbg=10% δbg= 5% for δ= D. Kiełczewska Nakaya, Venice 005 TK-I JHF SK TK-II 5xJHF 8xSK sin θ Year Exposure/(.5kt x 10 1 pot)

53 D. Kiełczewska

54 TK Sensitivities ν µ disappearance ν e appearance CP phase δ (degrees) m 13 =.5x10-3 ev m 13 = 1.9x10-3 ev m 13 = 3.0x10-3 ev sin θ 3 = 1 m 1 = 8.x10-5 ev tan θ 1 = 0.4 Stat. only (OA.5 ) Reactor 90% CHOOZ 90% --68%CL --90%CL --99%CL sin θ 13 >10 times improvement from CHOOZ D. Kiełczewska Goal δ(sin θ 3 )~0.01 δ( m 3 )~<1 10-4

55 D. Kiełczewska

56 TK sensitivity v.s. exposure 10% syst. err assumed on BG subtraction sin θ 13 sensitivity (90%) sintht13 sensitivity %CL Sensitivity w/ LINAC upgrade Default x Np x Np x1.5 rep x Np x rep JFY Japanese Fiscal Year (Apr-Mar) D. Kiełczewska

57 NOνA 13 m Approved by FNAL PAC in April, kton liquid scintill. detector 4% effic. for ν e detection Upgraded NuMi beam ~14mrad off-axis POT/year ( with Proton Driver) 15.7m 15.7m Far detector Admirer 3-plane block Baseline: 810 km <E ν>. GeV better sensitivity to matter effects and mass hierarchy than TK D. Kiełczewska planned for 010

58 Nova więcej o detektorach Ciekły scyntylator w plastikowych pojemnikach o rozmiarach wzdłuż wiązki z~0.15 długości prom. odczyt za pomocą włókien w.l.s fotodiody lawinowe Daleki detektor na powierzchni lub pod kilkumetrową warstwą ziemi Bliski detektor: 6 tony ale FV=0 tony kilka pozycji (>1km) żadna nie daje takiego samego widma jak daleki Przekroje czynne na produkcję π 0 (NC) będą mierzone na wiązce NuMi w eksperymentach MINERvA i MIPP D. Kiełczewska

59 Nova czułość Założenie: syst. błąd na tło: 5% syst. 5 lat wiązki 6.5x10 0 pot/rok sygnał 3 sigma dla: sin ϑ (sygnał 14 przyp, tło 19.5 przyp) TK 10% błędu na tło (7.5% z km) 5 lat wiązki 10 1 pot/rok (0,75 MW przy 40 GeV w 011 czułość 90%: sin ϑ (sygnał 10.3, tło 3 przyp) Czułość na hierarchię mas: przy powyższej wiązce tylko jeśli θ 13 bliskie obecnemu limitowi Dla CP oraz mniejszego θ 13 konieczna ga faza: silniejsza wiązka oraz drugi detektor przy gim max Koszt: $165M, budowa D. Kiełczewska Inne źródła: Plan: Construction starts in 008 (4-5 years) Cost: 35M$ (dominated by plastic and mineral oil)

60 NUSAG o TK syst błędy: 10% 80, 7.5% km km: modest improvement ale gdyby był sygnal to podnosi wiarygodność Przy 4 MW po roku stat=syst chyba ze syst <5% LAr TPC: signal effic 80% for 99% hadronic events rejection For Cher and scint: signal effic 30-40% D. Kiełczewska

61 5 0 pot/year NOvA Sensitivity NOνA has a sensitivity to determine the ν mass hierarchy. 5 year ν.5 year ν +.5 year ν D. Kiełczewska

62 New ideas for CPV sensitivity Need to solve the problem: CP violating solution can be confused with CP conserving one due to unknown mass hierarchy JK Japan to Korea experiment two detectors on the same beam (J-PARC 4MW ) (identical detectors: FV=0.7Mton, water Cher.) spectrum analysis (the same beam spectra) 4 years + 4 years (if > ν ν µ sin ϑ 0.03 (0.055) at σ (3 σ) Super-NOvA detectors at the same (L/E) (but different baseline and different off axis angle and thus different spectra) D. Kiełczewska Minakata & Nunokawa, Phys. Lett. B 413, 369 (1997) Ishitsuka, Kajita, Minakata, Nunokawa, hep-ph/ Mena et al., hep-ph/ , hep-ph/051018

63 TK Phase-I and Phase-II We are here in Seoul L=95 km L=50 km Super- Kamiokande TK- 50GeV PS KEK- 1GeV PS KK Joo Seoul National University actually: the direction J-PARC -> SK is 1.3 deg below the horizon The beam axis is 3.0 to 4.1 deg below the horizon D. Kiełczewska An International Workshop on a Far Detector in Korea for the J-PARC Neutrino 005/11/18

64 TK-Korea? The second detector in Korea at the nd osc. maximum (baseline ~1050km) Hyper-K.5 deg. off axis.5 deg. off axis.5 deg. off axis.5 deg. off axis JPARC D. Kiełczewska Off-axis angle see hep-ph/ )

65 JK identical detectors hep-ph/ detector of 0.54 Mton in Kamioka true true δ How to lift 4-fold degeneracies in: CP phase δ and sign( m ) 13 Analysis of data expected after 8 years total of 4MW beam: ν and ν detect. of 0.7 Mton (Kamioka &Korea) true true D. Kiełczewska CP phase δ The contours crrespondto different c.l. solutions With detectors Assumed set of parameters Result Left panels: π 4 ϑ13 13 δ =, sin = 0.0, m > 0 Right panels: π 4 ϑ13 13 δ =, sin = 0.005, m > 0 only true solution found some degeneracy remains This is due to spectrum analysis

66 JK identical detectors When going to the second max the rates alone not a solution because although CPV effect gets larger the matter effects stay approx the same However the spectrum modification is very sensitive to sign( m ) True solution (π/4, 0.0) Same sign sol. (.4, 0.0) Mixed sign sol.1 (.54, 0.019) Mixed sign sol. (0.44, 0.0 ( δ, sin ϑ ) D. Kiełczewska Fromtherateonly analysis at SK one gets only 1 degenerate solution with the above parameters. hep-ph/050406

67 Super-NOvA off-axis detectors Mena et al., hep-ph/ , hep-ph/ Two detectors at the same (L/E): the first at L f ~800 km (regular NOvA site) thesecondatl n =00 or 434 km at an off-axis angle such that: Ln En = Ef L Upgraded NuMi beam (6.5x10 0 pot/yr) 9 years of ν + 5 years of ν second detector is LAr TPC (15, 30 or 50 kt) f D. Kiełczewska

68 Super-NOvA off-axis detectors Mena et al., hep-ph/ , hep-ph/ D. Kiełczewska

69 Experimental Sensitivity to sin (θ 13 ) hep-ph/ Correlation with other parameters Syst: δ=0 Degeneracy due to unknown hierarchy Reactor D. Kiełczewska

70 D. Kiełczewska

71 D. Kiełczewska

72 D. Kiełczewska

73 D. Kiełczewska BNL Very Long Baseline

74 Very long baseline scenario (BNL proposal) N~1/L 1.7 P( ν ν ) = µ 4s s c ( δ ) sin s s s c c c cos s s s 8s s s c c c sinδ sin sin sin D. Kiełczewska sin sin cos s c ( c c + s s c s s s c c cos δ ) sin 8s s c e P( ν µ νe) P( νµ νe) A P ( ν ν ) + P ( ν ν ) µ e µ sin αl ( 1 s ) s 4 E 13 sin 13 co 3 e sin ϑ m sinϑ 4E m L E 1 1 = sin N e ~1/L L sinδ w/out matter effects and smaller terms ν L N e ~1/L 1 Some like very long baselines

75 Summary CP violation in quark sector too small to explain the observed dominance of matter in the universe. CP violation in neutrinos provides a chance to understand matter-antimatter asymmetry Both CP violation and determination of spectrum hierarchy (normal or inverted) depend on θ 13 Current exper (MINOS, OPERA) are probably not sensitive enough to θ 13 Synergy between various experiments needed to resolve degeneracies (TK, NOvA, reactor experiments ) Maybe extended TK and/or NOvA projects needed to determine δ CP Japan to Korea large off-axis detectors

76 ϑ 13 Różne klasy modeli: m ϑ sol 13 ϑ13 matm sin 1/ 30 sin ~ albo m ϑ sol 13 ϑ13 matm sin 1/ 6 sin ~ 0.1 Czułość na CP zależy od: sin ϑ 13 > 0,01 konwencjonalne wiązki (z rozpadów π) < 0,01 fabryki neutrin lub wiązki beta D. Kiełczewska

77 Summary - NUSAG Both TK and NOvA would establish q13 non-zero if sq13>0.01 Wtedy hierarchy and CP with conventional but MW beams Nova even with current beam if q13 near the current limit D. Kiełczewska

78 sin θ m = G ρe δ m MSW effect One can define effective (matter) mixing angle and mass difference : sin F ν ( cos ) + sin GF ρeν M = δ m ( cos θ) + sin θ δ m θ θ resonant condition if =0 θ Effective mixing θ m may be large even if θ small At resonance effective M much smaller than δm A neutrino passing through various local densities ρ can easily get into a resonant condition Note that matter effects are sensitive to ' ϑ π ϑ D. Kiełczewska for antineutrinos : δ m δm

79 Dlaczego badanie CPV jest ważne? Bo daje eleganckie wytłumaczenie asymetrii barionowej we Wszechświecie. Wg. mechanizmu huśtawki lekkie neutrina ν mają bardzo ciężkich (10 15 GeV) partnerów N. W tym modelu zarówno ν jak i N sa cząstkami Majorany czyli: ν ν N N byłyby produkowane w BB i rozpadałyby się: N N l+ H oraz N l + H Jeżeli CP niezachowane to prawdop. rozpadów różne i pojawia się asymetria leptonowa a w konsekwencji D. Kiełczewska dalej asymetria barionowa.