MUSEUM & INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. S t a n i s ł a w H u r u k

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1 MUSEUM & INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FRAGMENTA FAUN I STIC A Fragm. faun. W arsaw, S t a n i s ł a w H u r u k Current know ledge about the carabid b eetles (C arabidae, Col.) of the Św iętokrzyski N ational Park A bstract. This paper contains an inventory of 120 species registered to date from the area of the Holy Cross (Świętokrzyskie) M ountains. The carabid fauna recorded in the area includes 12 species belonging to the genus Carabiis L., classified as legally protected species in Poland, 6 m ountainassociated species and 2 species, Pterostichus burmeisterii H err and Amara erratica (Du ft.), occurring at isolated locations. A. erratica is regarded as a postglacial relic within the Park. K ey w ords: Poland, Świętokrzyski National Park, Carabidae. Coleoptera A u th o r's a d d re s s : Pedagogical U niversity, In stitu te of Biology, D ep artm en t of Zoology, K onopnickiej 15, Kielce, Poland The gathering of knowledge about the carabid beetles of the Świętokrzyski National Park has been progressing at a very slow pace. In spite of a 50-year history of the studies, our current knowledge of this taxon is still far from satisfactory, even though new species are regularly registered in th e Park. F rag m en tary inform ation on carabid beetles in the Holy C ross (Świętokrzyskie) M ountains, including the area of the Świętokrzyski National Park, found in various papers have been collated in the Catalogue of the F auna of Poland (B u r a k o w s k i et al. 1973, 1974), where 70 species were m arked as registered from this National Park. Later studies by various auth o rs (K o w a l c z y k, W a t a l a 1988; L e ś n ia k 1990, 1994; H u r u k 1993; M ę ż y k 1997; H u r u k A. 1998; L e ś n ia k, O l s z e w s k i 1999) have added more species to the list, which now n u m bers 120 species. The list of carabid species given in this paper includes data on the habitats where they occur, most often described as plant associations or specific forest s ta n d s (colum ns 12-14). The following species w ere found ou tsid e the h a b i ta ts listed: Cicindela campestris L., C. hybrida L., Bembibion stephensii CROTCH,

2 96 S. H u ru k B. ustillatum (L.), Pterostichus kugelanni (PANZ.), Harpahis rufitarsis (Duft.) in the Święty Krzyż forest division; Cicindela germanica L., A m ara erratica (DUFT.), Dromius laeviceps M o t s c h., D. quadralicollis A. MOR., D. quadrim aculatus (L.), D. spilotas (III.), D. nigriventris T h o m s, in the Święta K atarzyna forest division; Zabrus tenebrioicles (G o e z e ) in the Podgórze forest division; Dromius spilotus (III.) in the Święty Krzyż a n d Podgórze forest divisions. Exact identification of the site w here they were found w as not possible, hence their exclusion from the inventory. W herever possible, species dom inant in a given h a b ita t in the Ły sogóry Mts. and in the Chełm ow a Góra forest division, the latter detached from the m ain complex, are indicated by m eans of the indexes DŁ and DCh, respec tively. Identification of do m in an t species w as not possible for certain hab itats. A qualitative zoogeographical breakdow n reveals a dom inance of th e Palaearctic elem ent, rep re sen te d by 59 species (49.2%). Form s belonging to the E u ro p e an forest realm also have a significant sh are, w ith 18 species (11.7%). O th er zoogeographical elem en ts are rep resen ted by sm aller n u m b e rs of sp e cies, w ith 10 species (8.3%) from the Holarctic realm, 9 species from the M ed iterran ean realm, 6 species from the E uropean m o u n ta in realm a n d 4 species from the E u ro arctic realm listed in the inventory. The above classifi catio n is b a sed on L e ś n ia k (1987). Papers by som e a u th o rs (L e ś n ia k 1987; H u r u k S. 1993; H u r u k A. 1998) pro vide quantitative d a ta on m aterial obtained from the National Park. This m akes possible a quantitative zoogeographical analysis, which reveals a m uch bigger sh a re to m ountain-associated species. In the beech forests of the Łysogóry m o u n tain range th eir sh a re is as high as 90% (L e ś n ia k 1990), with Carabus linnaei a s the d om inant species. In the beech forest of the Chełm ow a Góra area, on th e other hand, the sh a re of m ountain elem ents exceeds 44%, with Pterostichus burmeisteri being the m ost a b u n d a n t (H u r u k S. 1993; H u r u k A. 1998). M ountain-associated species are also num erously represented in the Serwis forest range, w here their sh a re exceeds 30% in the older s ta n d s and A b a x carin atus is the m ost a b u n d a n t (H u r u k S. 1993; H u r u k A. 1998). Am ong the m ost valuable h a b ita ts in the N ational Park is the mixed conif e ro u s forest [Pino-QuerceLum), w ith its 65 species in total, 10 legally protected species, an d 5 m o u n ta in -a sso cia te d species; A bietetum polnicum fir forests w ith 58 species, including 10 legally protected an d 5 m o u n ta in -a sso cia te d species; A rrhenatheretum m edioeuropaeum m eadow s, w ith 52 species, in c lu d ing 10 legally protected an d 2 m o u n tain -asso ciated species; and Dentario glandulosae-f agetum beech forests w ith 49 species, including 9 legally p ro tected a n d 6 m o u n ta in -a sso cia te d species. M uch fewer species have been registered from the other h a b ita ts (boul-der fields, m arsh y coniferous forests, reed g rass coniferous forests, spruce woods, xerotherm al habitats). Even so, the faunal resources of som e of them should still be regarded a s valuable, particularly in view of a high sh a re of legally pro tected species there: 6 ou t of the 13 species found in alder ca rrs are legally protected an d so are 8 ou t of the 17 species found in spruce woods. None of the species listed in Table I h a s been found in all of the h a b ita ts listed. The m ost u b iq u ito u s species is Carabus violaceus, recorded in 13 o u t of

3 Carabidae of the Świętokrzyski NP 97 the 15 h ab itats listed, with the exception of the m arshy coniferous forest Vaccinio uglinosi-pinetum and the wet forest Calamagrostio villosae-pinetum. Other frequently encountered species included Carabiis coriaceus, which was only a b sen t from very m oist habitats, i.e. the m arshy coniferous forests, the wet coniferous forests and Jwico-Nardelum meadows, and Pterostichus niger, ab sen t only from the m arshy coniferous forests, wet coniferous forests and an association of the rowan Sorbetum santae-crucianum. These species are very valuable because of their large num bers and, consequently, an im portant role they play in these habitats. Species of the genus Carabus L. are worthy of special attention because they are legally protected. 12 species of this genus have been found in the Świętokrzyski National Park, accounting for 40% of Poland s resources of this genus. These beetles are valuable because they are large predators th a t can elim inate pests at all developm ental stages. There are no grounds for regarding any of them as endangered in the Park. M ountain-associated species are an interesting group, too. There being only 6 of them in the Park, they occupy the dom inant position in m any of the h a b itats (Table I) and th at is why their im portance is m uch greater th an w hen judged by species num ber alone. Pterostichus burmeisteri is worthy of special attention as its locations within the Park are considered to be isolated from its m ain continuous range, extending up to the C arpathian and Sudetian Foothills ( B u r a k o w s k i et al. 1974). It occurs particularly num erously in the beech woods of Chełmowa Góra (HURUK S. 1993; H u r u k A. 1998), where it accounts for up to 44% of a com m unity. It is m uch less ab u n d an t in the Łysogóry range ( % of a com m unity). Am ara erratica, m entioned above, is also an interesting species. It is thought to be a postglacial relic in the Holy Cross M ountains ( B u r a k o w s k i et al. 1974), w hose locations there are detached from its c o n tin u o u s range, extending northw ards of the 64th north parallel. C arabid beetles in the N ational Park are also diversified in term s of th eir ecological preferences. Forest species (45 species or 37.5%) and opena re a species (42 species or 35%) are the dom inant groups. Species collected in tra p s placed on the sh ores of w ater bodies (13 species or 10.8%) as well a s those occuring in forests and open areas (8 species or 6.7%) alike are less num ero u s. One species, Aechm ites terricola, m ight be regarded as a synanthrope. The ecological requirem ents of a fu rth er 9 species are difficult to describe. These species have been found ( B u r a k o w s k i et al. 1973, 1974) in forests, vistas, clearings, open areas, p eatlan d s, h e a th la n d s, burn ed -o ff areas, fire clearings, seaside and inland dunes, arable fields, fallows, etc. Evaluation of the value of individual h abitats is not fully objective, which is because carabid m aterial h as been acquired system atically from some h ab i tats over a num ber of years (L e ś n ia k 1990; H u r u k S. 1993; M ę ż y k 1997; H u r u k A. 1998), b u t only occasionally from others. In order to obtain a more com plete picture field studies should be undertaken in less penetrated h ab i tats, in particular in all hab itats of the Bukowa Góra site, in m eadow s w ithin

4 98 S. H uruk the Park, boulder fields, m arshy coniferous forests and reed g rass coniferous forests and on the escarpm ent near the village of Cząstkowo. D ata acquired from the b e tte r stu d ied h a b ita ts also need to be Supplem ented. For example, species of the genus Dromiits B o n e l l i are m issing from lists of species obtained from m ost forest divisions. This show s th at studies conducted so far have generally ignored late autu m n and w inter, w hen these species ca n be collected. REFERENCES B urakow ski B., Mroczkow ski M., S tefańska J., Makólski J., Pawłowski J Chrząszcze (Coleoptera), Biegaczowate - Carabidae. Katalog fauny Polski, 23, 2. W arszawa, 233 pp. B urakow ski B., M roczkowski M., S tefańska J., Makólski J., Pawłowski J Chrząszcze (Coleoptera), Biegaczowate - Carabidae. Katalog fauny Polski, 23, 3. W arszawa, 430 pp. HURUK A S tudium ekologiczno-porównawcze nad zgrupow aniam i biegaczowatych (Carabidae, Coleoptera) leśnictw a Chełm owa Góra Świętokrzyskiego P arku Narodowego (doctors thesis). H uruk S S tu d ia nad zgrupow aniam i biegaczowatych (Carabidae, Coleoptera) uroczysk Chełm owa Góra i Serwis w Św iętokrzyskim P arku Narodowym. Fragm. faun., 36: Kowalczyk J. K., Watala C Materiały do znajomości biegaczowatych (Carabidae, Coleoptera) Świętokrzyskiego P arku Narodowego. Acta Univ. Lodz., Folia zool. anthr., 6: Leśniak A Zoogeographical analysis of the Carabidae (Coleoptera) of Poland. Fragm. faun., 30: Leśn ia k A Biegaczow ate (Coleoptera, Carabidae) głównych typów siedliskow ych lasu w Św iętokrzyskim Parku Narodowym. Fragm. faun., 33: Leśn ia k A M onitoring zgrupow ań Carabidae (Coleoptera) na pow ierzchniach Święty Krzyż i G óra Malik w latach 1992 i M onitoring Środow iska Regionu Św iętokrzyskiego 2: Leśniak A., OLSZEWSKI R. (1999). Z grupow ania biegaczowatych (Carabidae, Coleoptera) Bukowej Góry - obszaru przyłączonego do Świętokrzyskiego Parku Narodowego. Rocznik Świętokrzyski (in press). Mężyk Z Com parison of Carabid (Carabidae, Coleoptera) Com m unities Trapped at Different Forest H abitats in the Świętokrzyskie M ountains. Folia Forest. Pol., 39: SUMMARY [Tytuł: Stan zbadania biegaczowatych (Carabidae, Col) Świętokrzyskiego Parku narodowego] W określonych zbiorowiskach roślinnych Świętokrzyskiego Parku Narodowego stwierdzono występowanie 105 gatunków Carabidae (Tab. ). Ponadto wymieniono 15 gatunków, w przypadku których niemożliwe je st ustalenie środow isk ich występowania. Łączna liczba gatunków znanych z parku wynosi więc 120, o 50 więcej niż podaje Katalog Fauny Polski (B u r a k o w sk i i in. 1973, 1974). Wśród nich stwierdzono: 12 gatunków podlegających prawnej ochronie, 6 gatunków górskich, dwa na stanow iskach wyspowych - Pterostichus burmeisteri i Am ara erratica. A. erratica uw ażana jest w Parku za relikt polodowcowy. Duże zróżnicowanie środowisk oraz słabe zbadanie niektórych z nich pozwalają sądzić, że w przyszłości lista Carabidae ŚPN zostanie uzupełniona o kolejne gatunki.

5 Table I. List of carabid beetle species in the Św iętokrzyski National Park. No Species H abitat Calosoma inquisitor (L.) C arabus coriaceus L.! C. intricatus L.! + 4 C. violaceus L.! C. auronitens Fa b r! C. conuexus Fa b r! + 7 C. granulatus L.! C. cancellatus I I I! C. arcensis H e r b s t! DL C. nemoralis O. F. M u l l! C. hortensis L.! + + DCh DCh C. glabratus Payk.! C. linnaei DUFT.! DŁ DL DL DL + DL DL Cychrus caraboides (L.) Leistus rufom arginatus (D u f t.) L. Jerrugineus L L. rufescens Fa b r L. piceus F r o l Nebria brevicollis (Fa b r ) Notiophilus aquaticus L N. biguttatus (Fa b r ) JV. palustris (D u f t.) Elaphrus ullrichi G. R edt Loricera caendescens (L.) C livinafossor (L.) Broscus cephalotes (L.) + 27 A saphidion fla vip es (L.)

6 Table I. cont Bem bidion pygm aeum (Fa b r ) B. lampros (Her b st) B. properans (St e p h.) + 31 B. varium (Oliv.) B. tibiale (D u ft.) B. quadripilstulatum Au d.-s erv B. quadrim aculatum (He r b s t) B. m annerheim ii (C. S a h l b ) E paphius secalis (Payk.) Trechas quadristriatus (SCHRANtf Patrobus atrorufus (St r o e M A m ara plebeja (Gy l l ) A. aenea (D e G e e r) A. curta D e j A. eyrinota (Pa n z ) A. fam iliaris (D u ft.) A. littorea T h o m s A. lunicollis SCHIODTE A. nitida S t u r m A. sim ilata (Gy l l ) A. bifrons (Gy l l ) A. pallens S t u r m A. brunnea (Gy l l ) + 51 A.fu lu a (O. F. Mu l l ) Pterostichus caerulescens (L.) P. cupreus (L.) DŁ P. virens (O. F. Mu l l ) P. vem alis (Pa n z ) P. a ngusta tu s (D u ft.) + + +

7 P. oblongopunctatus (Fa b r ) DCh DŁ P. rtiger (S c h a l l) P. vulgaris (L.) P. nigrita (Fa b r ) P. diligens (Sturm ) P. strenuus (Panz.) P. aethiops Pa n z. P. burm eisteri H e e r A b a x carinatus (Du f t.) DCh A. ovalis (D u ft.) Molops piceiis (Pa n z ) C alathus am biguus (Payk.) C. erratus (C. R. S a h l r ) C. fu ssc ip e s (Goeze) C. m elanocephalus (L.) C. m icroptenis (D u ft.) A echm ites tenicola (H e r b st) Dolichus halensis (S c h a l l) Syn u ch u s nivalis (Pa n z ) O listhopus rotundatus (Payk.) Agonum gracilipes (D u f t.) A. muelleri (He r b st) A. sexpunctatum (L.) A. assim ile (Payk.) A. obscurum (H e r b st) A. dorsale (Po n t.) 83 A. Juliginosum (Pa n z ) 84 A. gracile S t u r m A. m icans (NIC.) B adister bipustulatus (Fa b r )

8 Table I. cont C hlaenius nitidulus (S c h r a n ^ D iachromus germ anus (L.) A nisodactyhis binotatus (Fa b r ) A. nem orivagus (DuFT.) + 91 A. signatus (Pa n z ) Harpaliis rujipes (De G eef) H. ajfm is (S c h r a n H H. fuliginosus D uft H. latus (L.) H. tardus Pa n z H. psittaceus (Fo u r c r ) H. quadripunctatus D ej H. ruhripes (Du FT.) B radycellus esiki La c z ó A cupalpus dubius S c h ilsk y A cupalpus skrirnshiranus (St e p h.) Dromius agilis (Fa b r ) D. Jenestratus (Fa b r ) D. schneideri C r o t c h + Total Legend:! - legally protected species sta tu s - m ountain species - species in isolated location DCh - dom inant at Chelm owa Góra DŁ - dom inant a t Łysogóry Mts. H abitats a n d /o r locations 3 - A bietetum polonicum 4 - Dentario glandulosae-fagetum 5 - Tilio-Carpinetum 6 - Pino-Quercetum 7 - Vaccinio uliginosi-pinetum 8 - Calamagrostio villosae - pinetum 9 - Sorbetum santae-crucianum 10 - carr association with B rachypodium pinnatum, Peucedano-Coryletum and Carpino-Prune turn b u sh 11 - Junco-N ardetum m eadow 12 - Caricetum rostrae m eadow 13 - A rrhenatheretum m edioeuropaeum m eadow 14 - pine forest stands 15 - alder carrs 16 - spruce woods