(2011) Fascykuł a. archeologia ŚRÓDzieMnoMoRska i PozaeuRoPeJska

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2 Światowit Rocznik instytutu archeologii uniwersytetu warszawskiego Vol. ix (l) (2011) Fascykuł a archeologia ŚRÓDzieMnoMoRska i PozaeuRoPeJska warszawa 2012

3 Światowit annual of the institute of archaeology of the university of warsaw Vol. ix (l) (2011) Fascicle a MeDiteRRanean and non-european archaeology warsaw 2012

4 Editor-in-chief of the publications of the Institute of Archaeology UW: Wojciech Nowakowski Światowit annual of the institute of archaeology of the university of warsaw Editor: Franciszek M. Stępniowski Managing editor: Andrzej Maciałowicz Editorial Council: Włodzimierz Godlewski (Chairman) Elżbieta Jastrzębowska Wojciech Nowakowski Tadeusz Sarnowski Tomasz Scholl Karol Szymczak All rights reserved 2011 Institute of Archaeology UW ISSN X ISBN English language consultant: Grzegorz Żabiński Cover design & typesetting: Jan Żabko-Potopowicz Printed by: ARWIL s.c., Editorial address: Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, Warsaw

5 Contents Spis treści Fascicle A MEdITERRANEAN ANd NoN-EURoPEAN ARChAEoLoGy Fascykuł A ARChEoLoGIA ŚRÓdzIEMNoMoRSKA I PozAEURoPEJSKA EdIToRIAL...7 Studies and Materials Jerzy Żelazowski, Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk, Kazimierz Lewartowski, George Yacoub PoLISh ARChAEoLoGICAL RESEARCh IN PToLEMAIS (LIByA) IN PRELIMINARy REPoRT...9 Polskie badania archeologiczne w Ptolemais (Libia) Raport wstępny...33 Dorota Ławecka EARLy dynastic oval TEMPLES IN SoUThERN MESoPoTAMIA...35 Wczesnodynastyczne świątynie owalne w południowej Mezopotamii...47 Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Rafał Koliński PRELIMINARy REPoRT on human REMAINS FRoM TELL ARBId, SECToR P. EXCAvATIoN SEASoNS Szczątki ludzkie z Tell Arbid sektor P, sezony raport wstępny...66 Joanna Piątkowska-Małecka, Zuzanna Wygnańska ANIMAL REMAINS FRoM MIddLE BRoNzE AGE GRAvES AT TELL ARBId (SyRIA)...67 Szczątki zwierzęce z grobów ze środkowego okresu epoki brązu z Tell Arbid (północno-wschodnia Syria)...80

6 Sylwia Betcher ThE GoddESS WITh A vase FRoM MARI ANd PRoPoRTIoNS IN ThE ART of ThE ANCIENT NEAR EAST...81 Bogini z Wazą z Mari i proporcje w sztuce starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu...98 Dariusz Szeląg MIddLE ASSyRIAN PoTTERy FRoM PoLISh EXCAvATIoNS on ThE SITE of TELL RIJIM (IRAq). PRELIMINARy STUdy...99 Ceramika z okresu środkowoasyryjskiego z polskich wykopalisk na stanowisku Tell Rijim (Irak). opracowanie wstępne Maciej Grabowski ABdISSARES of AdIABENE ANd ThE BATAS-hERIR RELIEF Abdissares z Adiabene i relief z Batas-herir Marta Żuchowska SPACE organisation ANd house PLANNING AT hellenistic ANd RoMAN PALMyRA organizacja przestrzenna i architektura mieszkalna w hellenistycznej i rzymskiej Palmyrze Agnieszka Tomas Canabae legionis i italicae: STATE of RESEARCh on CIvIL SETTLEMENTS ACCoMPANyING ThE LEGIoNARy CAMP IN novae (LoWER MoESIA) CoMPAREd To RELEvANT LoWER danubian SITES Canabae legionis i italicae. Stan wiedzy na temat osadnictwa przyobozowego w novae (Mezja dolna) w świetle innych stanowisk z prowincji dolnodunajskich Chronicle of Excavations Roksana Chowaniec, Lorenzo Guzzardi PALAzzoLo ACREIdE, SICILy, ITALy. EXCAvATIoNS IN Palazzolo Acreide, Sycylia, Włochy. Wykopaliska sezonu Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, Oleg Â. Savelâ EXCAvATIoNS IN BALAKLAvA (SEvASToPoL, UKRAINE) SEASoN discovery of FoRTIFICATIoNS of A RoMAN FoRT Wykopaliska w Bałakławie (Sewastopol, Ukraina) sezon odkrycie umocnień rzymskiego fortu Расκопки в Балаклаве (Севастополь, Украина) в 2011 г. Открытие укреплений римского форта...182

7 Тадеуш Сарновски, Людмила А. Ковалевская СельСкая oкруга ХеРСОнеСа ТавРичеСкОгО (крым). УСадьБы в микрорегионе верхне-юхapиной Балки исследованиа 2011 г Wiejskie terytorium Chersonezu Taurydzkiego (Krym). Farmy w mikroregionie Wąwozu Jucharina badania sezonu Rural Territory of Tauric Chersonesos (Crimea). Farmhouses in the yukharine Ravine Researches in Tadeusz Sarnowski, Ludmiła A. Kovalevskaja, Agnieszka Tomas NovAE PrinCiPia et Munitiones CastroruM. headquarters BUILdING ANd LEGIoNARy defences Novae Principia et munitiones castrorum. Komendantura i umocnienia Martin Lemke FIELdWoRK AT NovAE Badania terenowe w Novae w 2011 r Tomasz Kowal RISAN, MoNTENEGRo. EXCAvATIoNS IN Risan, Czarnogóra. Wykopaliska w 2011 r Martin Lemke FIELdWoRK AT scodra Badania terenowe w scodra w 2011 r Tomasz Scholl TANAIS, RUSSIA. EXCAvATIoNS IN Tanais, Rosja. Wykopaliska w Włodzimierz Godlewski dongola, SUdAN. EXCAvATIoNS IN dongola, Sudan. Wykopaliska sezonu Włodzimierz Godlewski NAqLUN, EGyPT FAyUM oasis, SEASoN Naqlun, Egipt oaza Fajum, sezon Barbara Kaim ThE SECoNd SEASoN of EXCAvATIoNS AT GURUKLy depe, SoUThERN TURKMENISTAN drugi sezon prac archeologicznych na stanowisku Gurukly depe, w południowym Turkmenistanie

8 ŚWIAToWIT IX (L)/A 2011 RoKSANA ChoWANIEC, LoRENzo GUzzARdI PALAZZOLO ACReiDe, SiCiLY, italy. excavations in 2011 T he ancient town of akrai (Greek κραι, Latin acrae, agris, acrenses) is located to the west of the modern town of Palazzolo Acreide, in south-eastern Sicily, the province of Syracuse. on an agreement between the University of Warsaw and Parco Archeologico di Eloro e della villa del Tellaro e delle Aree Archeologiche di Noto e dei Comuni Limitrofi, after non-invasive investigations in 2009 and 2010 (ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICz 2010; ChoWANIEC, MAłKoWSKI, MISIEWICz 2010), the first season of excavations began. In this fieldwork, which lasted from 3 to 28 october, the following persons took part: dr. Monika Rekowska-Ruszkowska, Marta Fituła M.A., Marcin Matera M.A., Tomasz Więcek M.A., Piotr zakrzewski M.A., dr. Wiesław Więckowski, Agata Ulanowska M.A., Prof. Aleksander Bursche and eleven students of the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw. 1 The excavations in 2011 were possible thanks to the grant of the National Science Centre (N N ), as well as private sponsors. First of all, the area of the site was covered by an archaeological grid (divided into kilometres, hectares, ares and 5 5 m squares). Next, based on earlier geophysical survey (ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICz 2010), two trenches were marked out and opened: Trench No. I (20 5 m) and Trench No. II (10 5 m) Trench No. I (Fig. 1) was situated in the central part of the town, to the south of the main road (plateia), partly discovered in the excavation in the 1970s, which went from the west to the east (voza 1973). This place was chosen on the basis of careful studying of geomagnetic maps, which suggest the existence of ancient structures and some anomalies correspond to the remains of stenopoi and insulae. In this area a series of parallel linear anomalies aligned SE-NW was also noticed (ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICz 2010: ). Trench No. II is located as well in the central part of the town (Fig. 1), however at the end of the plateia. The location of the trench in this place is connected with irregularity in the urban plan and streets grids in this part of the town. here the main road sharply changed its course. It diverges from the E-W axis and turns to NW. Some additional modifications in the urban plan were also visible in the layout of partly discovered building structures, which are different in that area than in the eastern part of the town. Therefore we would like to investigate how and why it changed and in which functioning phase (Greek or Roman) of akrai. Because akrai as the town is known just only from public buildings (a theatre, a buleuterion, fragments of an agora and a temple, part of the plateia) till now, the excavations, started in both units in 2011, have to help to reconstruct the grid of town streets and buildings, as well as the organisation of the town in the living area in particular phases of the town s evolution. The first season of regular excavations yielded many artefacts and some important information about 1 I would like to thank all the mentioned members of the team for their excellent collaboration. 169

9 RoKSANA ChoWANIEC, LoRENzo GUzzARdI Fig. 1. The work in Trench No. I (Photo R. Chowaniec). Ryc. 1. Prace na wykopie nr I. archaeological structures in the Late Roman Period in akrai. The superficial stratum in Trench No. I was strongly mixed, therefore found relics have been dated to different chronological periods. A high concentration of clay finds could be observed: pottery, bricks, roof tiles (both tegulae and imbrices), and lamps. The pottery was represented by amphorae, tableware and kitchenware, e.g., from Greek black glaze pots, a Thasian amphora from the hellenistic Period, an amphora of Type dressel 20 dated to the first half of the 1 st c. Ad, to the terra sigillata ARSW f. 59 dated to Ad First of all, however, the following artefacts were found: red and orange wares with the light slip (the percentage of all pottery finds: 30.9%), brown kitchenware (17.1%), terra sigillata (7.2%), amphora of Type dressel 1B (0.6%), light amphorae (3.3%), black glaze pots (9.2%) and red glaze pots (1.3%). Besides that, numerous fragments of glass, mostly dated to the Late Roman Period, metal artefacts (41 coins, belt buckles, pins, lumps of lead used in construction) and other artefacts (spindles of bone, a fragment of a marble vessel, etc.), were found. The stratum was filled with stones (also with broken stones and fragments of architectural decorations), especially in the area of Are 65/Sq. 1 2, where under that debris the remains of the top part of Wall No. 2 were discovered. Stratigraphically and structurally, this upper uncovered part of the wall could be dated to the Late Roman Period, but surely with at least Middle Roman foundations. This construction went from NE to SW. The next layer was more homogeneous with regard to clay finds (red and orange wares with the light slip 25%; brown kitchenware 25%; terra sigillata 20.8%; and pink tableware 12.5%, and accumulations of amphorae), although also dissimilar fragments of pottery were found (black glaze pots 4.2%), and many fragments of bricks, roof tiles, and lamps. during the removal of the cluttered stones, the next stone wall (No. 3) was uncovered. This construction is perpendicular to Wall No. 2 and probably formed the corner of a house building (?). Among the most interesting finds in this layer two items could be mentioned: an incensory (inv. No. AKI/3-189), coloured 2 The whole pottery identification was carried out by Marcin Matera M.A., the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw. 170

10 PALAzzoLo ACREIdE, SICILy, ITALy. EXCAvATIoNS IN 2011 Fig. 2. Clay incensory with decoration, inv. No. AKI/3-189 (Photo M. Rekowska- -Ruszkowska). Ryc. 2. Kadzielnica gliniana z dekoracją, nr inw. AKI/ in white with red and yellow painted decoration (Fig. 2), and a fragment of terracotta with elements of triglyph, tenia and regula, which could be identified as a part of the cylindrical altar, very popular find in south-eastern Sicily. The layers in Trench No. II were completely different from the layers in Unit I. Irregular accumulations of stones were mainly discovered. A few fragments of clay finds were recorded there, mostly pottery and some pieces of lamps. In Layer No. 2 the pottery was represented by red and orange wares with the light slip (16.6%), orange tableware (50%) and light tableware (33.3%). Among remarkable finds in this trench are fragments of terracotta with stamped decoration in the form of circles and short slashes, as well as a terracotta female figurine dressed in gown (dress?) and remains of veil, probably a chthonic deity. This stratum could be interpreted as a secondary usage of previous constructions (probably Greek and Roman) in the period dated to 4 th 5 th c. Ad. This chronology could be also confirmed by 10 coins (out of 12 in Layer No. 2). dr Roksana Chowaniec Institute of Archaeology University of Warsaw roksanac@yahoo.com dr Lorenzo Guzzardi Parco Archeologico di Eloro e della villa del Tellaro e delle Aree Archeologiche di Noto e dei Comuni Limitrofi lorenzo.guzzardi@alice.it 171

11 RoKSANA ChoWANIEC, LoRENzo GUzzARdI Bibliography ChoWANIEC R Palazzolo acreide, ancient Acrae, sicily, italy, , Światowit viii (XLIX)/A ( ), , pls ChoWANIEC R., MAłKoWSKI W., MISIEWICz K acrae antica alla luce di indagini non invasive, Journal of Ancient Topography Rivista di Topografia Antica XIX (2009), ChoWANIEC R., MISIEWICz K akrai, sicily. non-destructive researches in season 2009, Archeologia (Warsaw) LIX (2008), voza G akrai, (in:) P. Pelagatti, G. voza (eds.), archeologia nella sicilia sud-orientale, Napoli, RoKSANA ChoWANIEC, LoRENzo GUzzARdI PALAZZOLO ACReiDe, SYCYLiA, WŁOChY. WYKOPALiSKA SeZOnu 2011 W 2011 roku przeprowadzono pierwsze badania wykopaliskowe na stanowisku archeologicznym akrai (obecnie Palazzolo Acreide, prov. Siracusa) na Sycylii, które poprzedzone zostały kompleksowymi badaniami nieinwazyjnymi. To właśnie na podstawie analiz wyników badań geomagnetycznych wytyczono wykopy archeologiczne i rozpoczęto prace badawcze, których zadaniem, w ciągu bieżącego i następnych sezonów, będzie rozpoznanie siatki ulic i domów na terenie antycznego miasta oraz ich rozwarstwienie chronologiczne. W sezonie 2011 badania prowadzono w obrębie dwóch sondaży: I oraz II. Wykop I (Ryc. 1) został wytyczony pomiędzy dwoma ulicami poprzecznymi w obrębie insuli. Podczas prac odkryto zwarte zawaliska kamieni oraz dwa mury (nr 2 i 3), które najprawdopodobniej tworzą narożnik pomieszczenia. Materiał zabytkowy wskazuje na przemieszanie górnej warstwy kulturowej oraz coraz większą jednolitość w obrębie niższych warstw (naczynia w kolorze czerwonym i pomarańczowym z jasną angobą 25%, naczynia kuchenne w kolorze brązowym 25%, terra sigillata 20,8%, naczynia stołowe w kolorze różowym 12,5%). do wyjątkowych znalezisk należą: kadzielnica gliniana z dekoracją malowaną (nr inw. AKI/3-189, Ryc. 2) czy ułamek terakoty z tryglifem, który jest być może fragmentem małego ołtarzyka. 172