LiBRARY qf the UNIYERSITY OF TORONTO

Transkrypt

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2 Presented to the LiBRARY qf the UNIYERSITY OF TORONTO by PROFESSOR C. D. ROUILLARD

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4 POLSKIM I jzmo w Y w ANGIELSKIM JZYKU PRZEZ E. KASPROWICZA I J. CORNETA. WYDANIE DRUGIE, PRZEJRZANE I UZUPETNIONE. LEIPZIG. OTTO HOLTZE'S NACHFOLGER, 1898.

5 A MANUA OF POLIS II AND ENGLISH CONYERSATION BY E. KASPROWICZ AND J. CORNET. SECOND EDITION REYISED AND ENLARGED. LEIPZIG. OTTO HOLTZE'S NACHFOLGER

6 QI2S R3 issi

7 Spis rzeczy. Cz pierwsza. Rozmowy o przedmiotach codziennego ycia. Jzyk

8 II Spis

9 III Spis rzeczy. Pisa 202 Rachowanie 206 Rysunek, malarstwo 209 Muzyka i piew 213 Uniwersytet. 219 Nauka, sztuka, literatura 222 Religia, koció 230 Prawo 238 Pastwo 241 Wojna 252 Marynarka 263 Poczta, telegraf, telefon 268 Contents. Writing 202 To count, reckon 206 Drawing and painting 209 Musie and singing 213 The university 219 Sciences, arts, literatur 222 Religion, church 230 Justice 238 State 241 War 252 Navy 263 Post, Telegraph, Telephone 268 Czg druga. Second part. By Wyraenia potoczne. Mle, posiada Otrzyma Dosta, otrzyma, dostpi, docign, wygra "" 276 Zasuy, zyska 278 Straci Brakowa, nie dostawa, obywa si, potrzebowa 280 Everyday phrases. To be 269 To have, to possess 273 To get, to recelve 275 To obtain, to acuire, to win 276 To deserve, to gain 278 To lose 279 To want, to need, to miss 280 Zosta, sta si, zdarzy si 282 To become, to grow; to happen, to occur Powsta, nastpi 284 To arlse, to rosult 284 Zaczyna 285 Ro, zwiksza, rozsiewa 286 To begin, to commence 285 To grow, te extend, to increase 2S6

10 ,iv Spis rzeczy. Contents. Postpowa, trwa 287 To continue, to insist 287 Uda si, nie uda si 288 To succeed, to prosper; to miscarry 288 Wygodzie, przystoi. odpowia- To suit, to fit, to accomodate 290 da 290 Zosta, trwa, wcha si 292 To remain; to last; to delay 292 Odmieni si, zmienia 393 To change, to alter 393 Przej, przemin, znika 295 To pass away, to dlsappear 295 Zatrzyma, przerwa, ukróci. To stop, to interrupt, to cease 296 przesta 296 Ukoczy, dopeni 298 To finish, to end 298 Umrze, zgin 299 to die, to pcrish 299 y 301 To live 801 By przytomnym, pojawi si, To attend, to appear 802 znale si 302 Mieszka, przebywa 303 To dwell, to stay, tolive, to reside 803 Naj, wynaj, przeprowadza To hire, to let, to change si, urzdza si 304 one'8 lodgings, to fit up 304 Kupi, sprzeda, zapaci, ko- To buy, to sell, to pay, to sztowa 306 cost 806 Dunym by, zaduy si 310 To owe, to contract debts 810 Oszczdza, rozrzuca 311 To spare, to save; to spend, to waste 811 Poycza, wypoycza 313 To lend, to borrow 318 Rczy, porcza, zastawi 314 To give bali, to pledge, to answer for 814 Zakada si 315 To wager, to bet 315 eni, oeni si 316 To marry 816

11 V Spis rzeczy. Contents. Potrzebowa, uy 318 '^ ««' * ^PP^^' *<» emplojr, Pooy, si, postawi, lee 320 to avail 818 '^^ ^^^ *«s«t» *<* P"^*' *<» P^^^e, to settle; to lie 820 Si, siedzie 323 To set, to sit 323 Sta, wznie, zaoy 324 To stand; to erect, to found 824 Urzdza, porzdkowa, pomi- ^o direct; to put in order, n sza, zwraca 326 disorder 325 Przedstawia si, wprowadza 327 To present, to introduce, to wait opon; to represent 827 Wej, wsi, dosta si, zej 329 ^o enter; to step;, to ascend, to descend; to tread 329 Rasza, czoga, porwa, cofa, To move, to remore, to stir; oddali 831 to retire 831 Ztiiy, postpowa, spotka. To approach; to meet; to actowarzyszy 334 company 384 I, uda si, wyj, przej 836 To go, to pass 886 Wyj, i na spacer 341 To go out, to walk, to take a walk 341 Przyj, wróci 343 To come, to return 343 Zaprosi, odwiedza, obchodzi To invite; to visit, to pay a si 845 visit, to freuent 845 Bied, pieszy si, pospieszy 847 To run, to hasten, to dlspatch 847 Skaka, podskakiwa, wysadza 349 To spring, to leap, to burst 849 Lata, znika, omija, ubiedz 850 To flee, to fly; to avoid, to escape 850 Nastpi, przeladowa, nala- To follow; to pursne; to mldowa 851 tat 851

12 VI Spis rzeczy. Trzyma 353 Miesza si, bra udzia 355 Odnosi, stosowa, zalee, zawsn, i 358 Nosi, posa, wie, naprowadzi 360 Zbiera, gromadzi 362 Cign, pclia, wlec 363 Wiza, przytwierdza, wiesza 864 Rzuca, bi 365 Rzn, ama, rwa 367 Rozcza, rozdziela, rozrónia 368 Zostawi, opuci, porzuci, odda odprawi 369 Uwolni si 370 Pada 371 Napenia, wyprónia 372 Przyrzdza, by gotowym 373 Otwiera, zamyka, zaprzy 374 Cza6, dotyka 874 Widzie patrze, uwaa 375 Contents. To hod, to keep 353 To mis, to meddle ; to pai take, to join 355 To concern, to regard; to depend upon; to consist 358 To carry, to bear, to wear; to bring, to fetch; to lead, to guide; to derve 360^ To gatlier, to meet, to assemble, to Join 362 To draw, to puli, to push 363 To bind, to tie, to fasten; to hang; to stick; to untie 364 To throw; to strike, to beat; to drive, to thrust 365 To cut, to break, to tear 367 To separate, to divide, to differ, to distinguish 368 To leave, to quit, to dismiss, to forsake; to forego 369 To free, to liberate, to deliver, to get rid of 370 To fali 371 To 6U, to suffice, to empty 372 To prepare; to be ready 373 To open; to shut, to close; to cover To feel; to touch To see, to look, to percelve, to observe etc 876

13 VII Spis rzeczy. Contents. Zdawa si 378 To appear, to seem 378 Sucha 379 To hear, to Isten 879 Mówi, powiada 380 To speak, to talk, to say, to tell 380 Pyta, odpowiada 383 To ask; to answer, to reply 383 Nazywa, woa, krzycze 384 To name, to cali; to ery 384 Zawiadomi 385 To inform, to advise, to adyertise 385 Objania 38' To esplain; to declare 386 Pokaza, dowodzi 387 To siow, to prove 387 Uczy, przestrzega, radzi 388 To teach ; to exhort ; to advlse 388 da, prosi 389 To ask, to demand; to beg, to pray 389 Twierdzi, przyzna, przeczy 390 To assert, to attest; to own; to deny, to contradict 390 Obieca, grozi 391 To promise; to threaten 391 Pokaza, porucza, rzdzi 392 To command, to bid; to rule 392 Porówna, by podobnym 393 To compare; to resemble 393 Przeciga, odznacza si, chwa- To excel ; to distinguish ; to li, gani, usprawiedliwia si 393 prefer; to approye; to blame; to excuse 393 Myli si, oszukiwa, kama 395 To mistake, to cheat, to deceive, to Ie 395 Milcze 396 To be silent 396 Przyzwyczai si, przywykn 397 To accustom; to be accustomed 397 Szuka, próbowa, znajdowa 397 To seek; to try, to endearour; to find 397 Zgadywa, podejrzywa, poj- To giiess; to suspect, to conmowa, rozumie, sdzi 398 ceive; to judge, to suppose 398 Myle, wtpi 400 To tiink, to consider; to doubt 400 Przypomnie, zapomnie 401 To remember; to forget 401

14 VIII Spis rzeczy. Zna, wiedzie 402 Wierzy, spuci si, spodziewa si, czelia 403 yczy, chcie, mddz, odway si, pozwoli 404 Sucha, wzbrania si, przeszkadza, zaliaza, musie 406 Postanowi, namyle si 407 Contents. To know 402 To believe; to trust; to hope, to expect 403 To wsh; to be able, to dare; to allow 404 To obey; to refuse, to prevent, to forbid; to compel; to be obliged 406 To appoint, to determine, to intend; to cause 407 Czyni, dziaa, robi Da, bra Pomaga, dzikowa O uczuciach Niektóre przysowia 4Qg To do, to make etc. '^^ 409 S^^6? to ta^e 41Q To assist; to thank 412 On sentiments 424 A few proverbs

15 Cz pierwsza. First Part. Rozmowy o przedmiotach codziennego ycia. Conversation on daily subjects. Jgzyk. Mdwisz pan po polsku? Mówi cokolwiek. Rozumiesz pan po polsku? Rozumie cokolwiek, jel nie m<5wi prdko. Prosz, nie m(5w pan tak prdko. The Language. Do you speak Polish? I speak it a Ittle. Do you understand Polish? I understand it a litte, if it be not spoken too fast. Pray, do not speak so fast. Prosz mówi troch wolniej. A little slower, ifyouplease. Rozumiesz mi pan; Nie zrozumiaem jeszcze dobrze. Czy pan Francuz? Pan mówi bardzo dobrze. Pan mówi pynnie. Do you understand me? I did not quite understand you. Are you a Frenchman? You speak perfectly well. You speak pretty fluently. Pan si wyraa jasno. You express yourself clearly. Daruj pan, ale ja mówi le po polsku. Brak mi praktyki. Pan musisz mówi czsto po polsku. Po polsku nie mówiem nigdy. Trudno ml by zrozumiaym. Boj si robi bdów przy mówieniu I beg your pardon, I speak Polish I very badly. want practice. You ought to speak Polish freuently. I never spoke Polish. I take much pain to make myself undersiood. I am afraid of making blunders in speaking.

16 2 Jzyk. To pochodzi z braku wiczenia The Language. That is for want of practice. Mdw pan ze mn po polsku. Lepiej by pan ze mn po polsko mdwi. Ja rozumie lepiej aniieli mdwi. Speak Polish with me. You had better speak Polish with me. I understand better than I speak. Jak si panu moja wymowa podoba? Pan wymawiasz dosy dobrze. Jest kilka liter, których wymawianie trudne dla cudzoziemca. Cudzoziemcy wymawiaj, najczciej na ko<icu sowa niedokadnie. Wymdw pan by, mydo, mio. How do you find my pronunciation? You pronounce tolerably well. There are some letters, the pronunciation of whlch is rather difficult to foreigners, in the beginning. Most foreigners do not pronounce correctly the at the end of words. Pronounce: by, mydo, mio. Nie mieszaj pan y z i. Polska litera eh jest dla cudzoziemcdw trudn do wymówienia. Do not confound y with i. Foreigners take much pain in pronouncing the Polish letter eh. Wymdw pan sowo chudy. Pronounce the word chudy. Tak nie jest dobrze. To suchowi niemie. Suchaj mi pan: tak trzeba wymawia. Warszawskiej czy krakowskiej wymowie dajesz pan pierwszestwo? That is not well (That won't do), That ofifends (grates on) the ear. Listeu to me, you must pronounce in thls manner. Do you prcfer the pronunciation of Warsaw or that of Cracow. Wymow warszawsk chwal dla joj mikkoci, a krakowsk dla jej czystoty. The pronunciation of Warsaw is praised for its softness and that of Cracow for its purencss. Polakom fran6nzka wymowa jest atwa. The Polanders have much facllity to pronounce French well.

17 3 Jzyk. Wymowa francuzka nie jest wcale trudn (bardzo atwa.) Uczy si pan po francnzkn? ine uanguage. Tiio French pronunciation is very easy Do you learn French? Tak jest, ncz si. Jak si paski nauczyciel nazywa? Nazywa si N. N. On uczy mi po francuzku. Yes I learn it. What is the name of your master? It is Mr. N. N. He teaches me French. Umie on dobrze po francuzku? Does he know French well? On zna ten jzyk gruntownie. Jest rodowitym Francuzem; znasz go pan? Znam go z wzitoci. Jest to bardzo zasuony czowiek. He knows the language thoroughly. He is a native of France; do you know him? I know him by reputation. Ile is a man of great merit. Jego metoda jest bardzo prosta. Jak dugo pan si po francuzku uczy? Nauk t przed trzema miesicami zaczem. Wiele godzin pan odby? Mam co tydzie dwie godziny. Pan postpie daleko. Bardzo pan postpi w francuzkim jzyku. Talent paski w jzykach jest zadziwiajcy Mój nauczyciel zna dobrze wiele jzyków. On mówi po angielsku jak rodzony Anglik. His method is very simple. How long have you been ' French? 1 began to le«ago. How ma I have You You profic You langi My rr ver8 He t Ma te ogólne pojcie jzyka niemieckiego. Hp (

18 4 Jeyk. Uczyem si po angielskn pi kwartadw. To bardzo niedugo (krdtko). Dopiero zaczem si uczy. Jest to najpoyteczniejszy jzyk do nauki. Po angielsku mówi wszdzie. Gramatyka jest prostsza i lejsza ni wymowa. Nasz organ nieprzyzwyczajony do tych dwikdw. Cd pan powiesz o niemieckim j- zyku? Nie znajdujesz go pan trudnym? I The Language. have learned English a year and tliree months. That is a very sliort time. I am only beginning. This is the most useful language one can leam. Englisli is spoken every where. The Euglish grammar is simpler and easier than the pronunciatlon. Our organs are not accustomed to these sounds. What do you think of tlie German language? Do you not find it rather difficult? Postpuje brat paski w niemieckim '"'zyku? '" jzyk niemiecki. ' ^statecznie, aby by 'Za do ii- bez «:na. rzyakter 7 1 lie Does your brother make any progress in the German language? He speaks broken German. He speaks it sufficiently to make hlmself understood. German literatur has arrived at so high a degree of perfection that one can hardly do without this language, The French language is very agreeable. Vivacity and sweetness are the character of the French langunge. Tlie Russian language is well sounding aud expressive. It is a very rich language and very fit for poetry and elouence. It belongs to the idioms of Sla- Yonian orlgin.

19 5 Jzyk. Czytaem kilka polskich ksiek. I The Lan^uage. have read some Russian books. Czytae pan bajki Krasickiego? Tak jest, a teraz czytam dziea Mickiewicza. Rozumiesz pan to, co czytasz? Za pomoc sownika. Mog tomaczy kad ksik bez pomocy sownika. Pisz po polsku, i tomacz z francnzkiego na polskie. Jak si to wyrazi po polsku? Did you read the fables of Krylów? Yes, sir, and now I am reading the works of Pushkin. Do you nnderstand what you read? With the assistance of a dictionary. I translate at sight. I can write Russian and translate from French into Russian. What do you cali that in Russian? Jak pan powiesz po polsku...? To wyraz przestarzay. To sowo nie jestwaciwejzykowi. Kady jzyk ma swe odrbnoci. What is the Russian word for...? This word is obsolete. This word is not proper to the language. Every language hus its idiotisms (peculiarities). Pogoda i pory roku. TheWeather and the Seasons. Jaka pogoda? Pogoda jest pikna. Przeliczna, doskonaa, cudowna pogoda! Brzydka pogoda. Szkaradna pogoda. Czas jest pochmurny. Czas jasny, wietrzny. So/ico wieci. Niebo jest jasne (wypogodzone). How is the weather? It is fine weather. It is beautiful, charming weather. It is bad weather The weather is shocking. It is gloomy, duli weather. It is elear weather. The sun shines, it is sunshine. The sky is serene.

20 6 Pogoda i pory roku. Powietrze jest umiarkowane. Jest przyjemnie. Jest ciepo. Jest zimno. Ani za ciepo, ani za zimno. TheWeather and the Seasons. The air is temperate. It is mild weather. It is warm, hot It ts cold. It is neither too hot nor too cold. Pogodajest niepewna i zmienna. Pogoda pochmurna. Powietrze pochmurne; niebo si chmurzy. Na niebo zachodz chmury. Pogoda si zmienia. Czas jest mokry i ddysty. The weather is unsettled and changeable. The weather (sky) gets cloudy. It is cloudy weather (the sky is OTcrcast). Some clonds are gathering on the horizon. The weather has changed. It is damp and rainy weather. Teraz jest mga. Teraz mga gsta. Czas jest mglisty. Okolica niknie we mgle mtnej 1 ijtej. Niebo zlewa si z ziemia. It is foggy, misty. There is a thick fog. It is foggy weather. The environs are darkened by a thick yellow fog. The sky mingles with the earth. Nie mona nic widzie. Jak si soce pokae, rozpdzi mg. Niebo si wyjania. It is quite impossible to see any thing. As soon as the sun breaks forth, he will disperse the fog. The weather is clearing up again. Bdziemy znów mieli pogod. Czy pogoda wytrzyma? Zdaje si e pogoda nie wytrzyma. Niebo pokryte w caoci chmurami. Cae niebo jest oboone. The weather incllnes to fair, settles. Will tlie weather continue, will it keep fair? There is no appearance of fine weather. The sky is uite covered with clouds. The sky is uite oyercast.

21 7 Pogoda i pory roku. Deszcz pada. Bdzie deszcz. Deszcz pada mocny. Deszcz pada ulewny. To tylko chwilowy deszcz. To tylko szybko przebiegajca chmura. Drobny deszcz pada. Widzisz pan tcz? To przepowiada pogod. Deszcz kropi. Na dworze jest botno. Ulice s bardzo zabocone. Nie mona wychodzi. Ja wyjd pomimo deszczu. Prosz, poycz mi pan parasola. Przysomy si gdziekolwiek. Zabociem si cakowicie. W czas podobny nie trzeba wychodzi. Tutaj jestemy skryci przed deszczem. To ulewa. Chmura si oberwaa. Trba wodna. Zmokem. Przemokem zupenie. Zmokem do nitki (do koci). Deszcz usta. Deszcz przyniós przyjemniejsz pogod. Chmury si rozdzielaj. The Weuther and the Seasons. It rains. We shall have rain. It rains fast. It rains downright, it pours. It is merely a shower. It is merely a (cloud) shower which will pass away. It is drizzling. Do you see the rainbow? That is a token of (promises) fiue weather. The rain is falling hi drops. It is very dirty out of doors. The streets are rather dirty. I am aite bespattered. One should not go out in such weather as this. There is no stirring abroad. Notwithstanding the rain I will go ottt. Be 80 kind as to leiid nie your umbrella. Let us look for shelter. Ilere we are sheltered froiu tlie raiu. This is a lieavy shower. A water-spout. 1 am uite wet. I am completely drenched, uite I soaked. ara wet to the skin. It has left off raining. The air has grown uite mild by the rain. The clouds separate (and yanisli. by degrees (run away).

22 8 Pogoda, i pory roku. Sodce pokazuje si znowu. The Weather and the Seasons. The sun i.s breaking forth again. Sodcc wieci. Niebojest niebieskie, soce ogniste. Niebo pene oboczków To przepowiada bnrz. Jest wietrzno. Wiatr si podnosi. Silny wiatr wieje. Wieje wiatr swie^.y, zimny, ostry, przejmujcy. Wiatr si odmieni. Wiatr przeskoczy na poudnie. The sun shines brightly. We have a dark-blue sky and bright sunshine. There is a mackerel sky. That portends a strong wind. It is windy. The wind is getting up. The wind blows high. A brisk gale of wind, a sharp, bleak wind is blowing. The wind ias changed, veered about. The wind has shifted to the south. Z której strony wiatr wieje? Spojrzyj pan na chorgiewk. Gówne wiatry s: pónocny, poudniowy, wschodni i zachodni. Wiatr boczny. Zamkn^ pan drzwi; boj si przeciga. Wiatr lodowaty. From which uarter does the wind blow? Look at the weathercock. The cardinal winds are: the north-, south-, east-, westwind. A side-wind. Shut the door, I am afraid of the draught. A chiuing blast. Wiatr ostry, knjcy. Spokojny, miy wietrzyk. Przyjazny, przeciwny wiatr. Wicher. Uragan. Burze w porównanie dnia z noc. Wicher wyje. A sharp, bleak north-wind. A gentle breeze. A fair, a contrary wind. A suall, a blast of wind. Hurricane The euinoctial gales. The wind hnrls.

23 9 Pogoda i pory roku. Okropna zawieja. Zawierncha, nieyca. Wiatr 8i ucisza. Cisza nastpia. Cisza nie zostanie na dugo. Wiatr wzbi py w powietrze. TheWeathcr and the Scasons. A dreadful snow-storm. Snow-drift. The wind fixlls, abates, drops. It grew uite calm. The calm will not last for a long time. The wind bas driven up the dust. Peno karzu. Deszcz py rozpdzi. The dust is flying very much. The rain haa laid down the dust. My. Rosa pada. It drzzles. Dew is falling. Przeszej nocy upad szron. There was a hoar-frost last night. Grad pada. Grad krupi. Grad zbi zboe. It hails. Sleet is falling. The hail has laid down the corn. Grad uszkodzi drzewa. The hail has injured the trees. nieg pada. nieg pada wielkiemi patami. It snows. Large flakes of snów are falling. nieg bardzo gboki: nieg taje. Mamy gooled. Bruk jest bardzo gadki. Niebezpiecznie teraz chodzi. Dzi bardzo zimno. Mnie zimno ; ja marzn. Wczoraj by mrdz tgi. Mrdz chwyci znowu. Bdziemy silne zimno mieli. Moje palce skostniay od zimna. The snów is very high. Tlie snów is melting away. It is a glazed Cslippery) frost. The pavement is very slippery. It is slippery walking. It is bitterly cold to-day. I am cold. There was a sharp frost yesterday. Tlie cold has set in again. The cold will be severe. My fingers are benumbed witli cold (frost -bitten).

24 10 Pogoda i pory roku. Dr od zimna. Termometr, barometr spada, podnosi si. Jest ciepo, gorco. Mnie gorco. Parno, uciiiiwie gorco. Sodce pali, piecze. Upajest nciliwy. Upa jest nieznony. Umieram z gorca (ze znuenia). Ach, co za gorco Przepotniaem cay. Pot si ze mnie leje. Idmy w cieniu. Cie jest wielce przyjemny. Powietrze pene parnoci. Bdziemy mieli burz. Burza si zbiera. Czas jest burzliwy. Byska si. Grzmi Co za trzask gromu Piorun uderzy. Piorun w dom uderzy. Nic nie wida pr<5cz bysku pioruna. Burza przesza. Gdzie pan bye podczas burzy? Czy piornn zrzdzi gdzie szkod? TheWeather and the Seasons. I am 8hivering with cold. The thermometer, barometer is falling, It is hot. I feel warm, rising. It is sultry hot (The heat is oppre8sive). The sun is bumiug, scorching. The heat is very annoying. The heat is insupportable. I am dying with heat; I am almost suffocated with heat. Oh, how hot it I am all is. in a perspiration. The perspiration runs down my face. Let us go into tlie shade. The shade is very agreeable. The atmosphere is very hazy. We shall have a thunderstorm. A thunderstorm ia approaching. The weather is stormy. It lightens (The lightning flashes). It thunders. The tliunder roua. What a dreadful clap of thunder that was. A thunderbolt has fallen. A house has been struck by lightning. Nothing is to be seen besides tho flashing of lightning. The thunderstorm has ceased. Where have you been during the tliimderstorm? Has tlie lightning done any damagft?

25 11 Pogoda i pory roku. Dziaania pioruna g czasem zadziwiajce. A teraz co za przyjemne I wicie powietrze! The Weather and the easons. The efifects of lightning are sometimes surprising. And now what a dellghtful temperatur. Wiosna, lato, jesie, zima. Spring, summer, autunin, Winter. Zima mina, wiosna nastpi w jej Tbe wluter is over and gives way miejsce. to spring. Dnie przybieraj, s coraz duisze. The days begin to lengtlien. Promienie soca grzej wicej Wszystlco zmienia si w naturze, zdaje si oywia. fck poczynaj zielenie. Drzewa pczkuj. Drzewa pokrywaj si liciem i kwiatem. Ogrody pachn woniejcym kwiatem. Wiatr osypuje ziemi, biaym kwiatem czereni. Ptaki wracaj znowu i zaczynaj si gniedzi. Sowiki piewaj w ciszy nocnej. Wieniak! poczynaj znowu okoo pola pracowa. Zaczynaj jui kosi. Ciepo si powiksza. Zboe dojrzewa zaczyna. Tlie sim begins to acuire mor force. Every thing changes, seems to revive. The meadows are growing green, The trees begin to bud. The trees begin to be decked with leaves and blossoms. Tlie gardens are perfumed with tlie fragrancy of flowers. A breeze scatters the whte fragmentsof cherry-blossoms over the ground. The birds are flying back and hegin to build. The nghtingales are singing in the calmness of the night. Tlie country-people are going again about their agricultural labours. They are already beginning to mow. The heat is increasing. The corn begins to ripen.

26 12 Tory roku. Otrzymamy wiele yta a mao pszenicy. Czas zbiorów (cia) si zblia. Niedugo zaczn zboe. niwo bdzie bardzo obfite. The Seasons. We shall have plenty of rye and but liltle wheat. The harvest-time is approaching. They will soon begin to cut the wheat. The crop will be plentiful. Zwo zboe do spichlerza. Jestemy w porze kanikuy. Soce wszystko wysusza. Nadzwyczajna posucha. Mamy bardzo gorce lato. Pora roku bardzo si opónia. Bdzie nieurodzaj. Wiosny wcale nie byo. Pory roku si pomieszay. Pikne dni letnie wkrótce si skocz. W jesieni powietrze jest chodne, czsto zimne i mokre. Jesie bywa czsto milsz od lata. W pikny dzie jesienny chtnie spaceruj. W jesieni obieraj si ogrodowe owoce. Drzewa s pene owoców. Drzewa wiele spodziy. W okolicach poudniowych Rossyi zbiór winogron ju si rozpocz. They are iuuing the coru. We are in the dog-days now. The 8un dries op evory thing. Tliere is a terrible drought this year. We have a very hot summer. Tlie season s very backward. We shall have a bad growth this year. We had no spring this year. The seasons are uite turned. We shall soon be at the end of the fine summer-days. In autumn the air is cool, often cold and damp. Antumn is sometimes even mor agreeable than summer. I am very fond of taking a walk in the fine days of autumn. In autumn the fruit is gathered. The trees bend with the weight of fruit. The trees have borne much fruit. They are already beginning to gather the grapes in the South of Russia.

27 13 Pory roku. Zbiory wina byy bogate. Wino nie porodzio (nie udao s). Wino bdzie drogie, tanie. The Seasons. The Tintago has bcen plentim, there are plenty of grapet. The grapes hare failed. The win will be dear, cheap. Dnie ubywaj, staj si krdtsze. The days are gettlng shorter. Dni s bardzo krótkie. O pitej ju nic nie wida, zupenie ciemno. O pitej trzeba ju zapali wiec. The days are very short. It is hardly daylight at fiye In th«erening. A Ught is neccssary at five o'clock. Ranki i wieczory s ju bardzo zimne. Drzewa pokryte szronem. Licie widn, ókniej i opadaj. Za tydzie drzewa bd ju bea lici. Zima si zblia. Marznie. Przeszej nocy by silny mrtfz. The mornings and erenings are rather cold aiready, The trees are covered with rimc. By dogrces the leavc8 wither, grow yellow and begin to fali. In a week the trees will be leafless. Winter draws near, is at hand. It freczes. There was a hard frost last night. Dzi taje cokolwiek. Na dworze pomarzo wszystko. Mrdz trzeszczcy. Przy dachach wisz lodowe sople. Rzeka stana, zamarza. L<5d rzeczny jest dosy mocny. Mona miao si lizga. Umiesz pan goni na ywach? It thaws a little to-day. Erery thing is frozen out of doori. It freezes very hard. Icicles are hanging from the roofs. The river is frozen over. The Ice of the river ia pretty thick aiready; it is strong enongh to bear. One can slide withont danger. Can yon skate?

28 14 Pory roku. The Seasons. Nie, wol jedzi saniami. No, I muci prefer driving in a sledge. Jestem wielkim lubownilciem jazdy saniami. I am very fond of sledge-parties. Kazaem do sanek zaprzdz konie. I liaye ordered the horses to be put to the sledge. Bardzo lubf zabawy zimowe. I am very partial to winter amnsements. Ja nie lubi wcale zimy. I don't like winter at all. Dugie wieczory zimowe s bardzo The long winter -evemngs are nudne. rather tedious. Jestemy teraz w samym rodku We are in the midst of winter. zimy. Pamitasz pan ow dug zim? Do you remember the great Winter? Tak dugiej zimy nie widziaem I never saw so cold a winter. nigdzie. Zimno dochodzio dwadziecia sto- pni. We had twenty degrees of cold. Tak jest, lecz zima tegoroczna Yes, but this winter is very sharp take tga. too. Ja skostniaem cay od zimna. i am uite stiflf, benumbed with cold. Nos sobie odmroziem. My nose is frost-bitten. Naley go natychmiast trze nie- You must rub it with snów giem. immediately. Drogi s zasypane. The roads are encumbered with snów. Na drogach tylko gtfry niegu i The roads are all heaps of snów wydoy. and ravines. My po pas w nlegn ^e are up to the girdle in snów. Chodmy do tej izby na ogrzanie. l^j g go to warm ourselres in this cottage. Ogrzej si pan Warm yourself.

29 15 Pory roku. Naley natychmiast zrobi ognia. Pal pan w piecu. Przy ognia przyjemnie. Chod pan bliej do ognia, ko piecu. Pan siedzi nie odchodzi od pieca. cay dzie przy piecu, The Scasons. Cause a fire to be lighted instantly. Llght the fire. It is well sittiiig near the flreside Come near the fire, the stove. You are sitting near the fireside the whole day. Ja nadzwyczajny zmarlak. W Rossyi nie mona obej si bez futra. Czas zdaje si ociepia. Rzeka pucia. L<Jd pynie po rzece (kra idzie). Rzeki wylay. I am extremely sensible to cold. In Russia one can scarcely do without a fur-cloajk. It will be thawlug-weather. The ice dissolres, breaks up, thaws. The riter is fuli of floating ice. Tlie riyers have overflvwed their Obawiaj si wylewów. Aa inundatlon is apprehended Czas. wite. Zorza si pokazuje. Soce wschodzi. Dnieje, dzie nastpi. Ciemnieje, dzie zachodzi. Time. Tlie day breaks, it dawns. Tie moming-twilight is already appearing. Tie son rises. It is day-ught. The day begins to decline. Ju zmrok. Przy nadejciu nocy. Mroczy si, noc nadchodzi. It is getting dark already. At night-fall. It grows dark, night is comfng. Noc zaraz nastpi. Soce zachodzi. It will soon be night. The sun is setting.

30 16 Czas. Zorza wieczorna zoci oboki. Teraz ju noc. Zupenie ciemno. Ju bya noc pdna. Wszed ksiyc. Ksiyc wieci. W wietle ksiyca. Na niebie niezliczone gwiazdy. Pierwsza kwadra, penia, ostatnia kwadra, nów. P<5-ksiyc. Ksiyc przybiera, ubywa. Wschód soca, zachód soca, zamienie soca, zamienie ksiyca. Która godzina? Prosz mi powiedzie, która godzina. Nie wiem która godzina. Póno, wczenie. Jeszcze nie póno. Jeszcze bardzo rano. Bdzie póno. Mylaem e póniej. Nie mylaem, aby tak póno byo. Póniej, nielim myla. Która godzina u pana? Pierwsza. Trzy kwadranse na drug. Time. The setting sun gilds tho clouds It is night. It is quite dark. The night was already far advanced. The moon ros. The moon shines. At moonshine. The sky is covered vfith stars. First uarter (prime of the moon), fuli moon, last uarter (wane of the moon), new moon. Halftnoon. The moon increases, decreases (or wanes). Sunrise, sunset, an eclipse of the sim, of the moon. What o'clock is it? Pray, tell me what o^clock it is. I don't know, what o'clock it is. It is late, early. It is not yet late, It is still too early In the moniing. It is growing late. I thought it was later. I did not think it was so lute. It is later tlian I thought. What o'clock is it by your watch? It is one o'clock. It is (wants) a (juarter to two.

31 17 Czas. Jest wpó do trzeciej. Jest kwadrans na trzeci. Dziesi minut po drugiej. Dziesi minut do drugiej. Time. It is hftlf past two, It is a uarter past two. Ten mlnutes past two. It wants ten minutes to two. Okoo czwartej. About four o'clock. Natychmiast bdzie trzecia. It is very near tjiree o'clock. Trzecia co tylko nie udey. Brakuje tylko dziesi minut. It is almost (nearly) tiiree. It wants but ten minutes to... Wanie siddma. Trzecia mina. At seven o'clock precisely. Upou tiie stroke of seven. It is past three. Jeszcze nie ma jedenastej Jest po dziesitej. Dopiero trzecia. Dwunasta, poudnie. Pónoc. Zaraz uderzy trzecia. Trzecia jeszcze nie mina. It is not yet (uite) eleven. It is rather mor than ten. It is but three. It is twelf o'clock, noon. It is midniglit. It is goinj,' to strlke three. It has not yet struck three. Najwicej ósma godzina. Zobacz pan na swoim zegarku. Mój zegarek stan. It is but eight at most. Look at your watch. My watch has stopped, is down. Nie jest nacignity. Musz go nacign. Mój zegarek postawiem podug miejskiego zegaru. Zobacz pan zegar soneczny. Podug soiica jest szósta. Mój zegarek kieszonkowy nie idzie równo ze ciennym. It is not wound up. 1 must wind it up, I have set min by the towuclock. Look at the sun-dial. It is six o'clock by tho suu. My watch does not go by the pcnduluin.

32 18 Czas. Idzie za wolno (opónia si). Idzie za prdlio (pospiesza). Pospiesza o kwadrans codziennie. Opdnia si codzic o dziesi minut. Nie idzie wcale. Nie idzie regularnie. Tiinc. It goes too slowly. It goes too fast. It gains a uarter of au hour every day. It loses ten minutes cvery day. It does not go. It does not go wcu. Syszysz pan, zegary bij. On tu bdzie o dziewitej. Hark, the town-clock is striking now. He will be here at nine o'cloc«. Niestosowna to godzina. That is an unseasonable hour. Przeszo pó godziny od czasu.... It is half an hour sice... Dopiero od kwadransa (nie ma nad kwadrans temu). It is but a uarter of an hour Since. Dzi. Wczoraj. Przedwczoraj. Jutro. Jutro rano. Pojutrze. Jutro przed poudniem. Wczoraj po poudniu. Dzi rano, dzi w wieczór. To-day. Yesterday. The day before yesterday. To-morrow. To-morrow morning. The day after to-morrow. To-morrow forenoon. Yesterday afternoon. This morning, this evening. Wieczorem, w nocy. W wili. Za tydzie. Za dwa tygodnie. Wczoraj przed trzema tygodniami. In the evening, in tho nigiit. On the eve. This day sennight. In a fortnight. Yesterday tliree woeks