RECHERCHES ARCHEOLOGIQUES

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1 L INSTITUT D ARCHEOLOGIE DE L UNIVERSITE JAGELLONNE DE CRACOVIE RECHERCHES ARCHEOLOGIQUES NOUVELLE SERIE 3 KRAKÓW 2011

2 L INSTITUT D ARCHEOLOGIE DE L UNIVERSITE JAGELLONNE DE CRACOVIE RECHERCHES ARCHEOLOGIQUES NOUVELLE SERIE 3 KRAKÓW 2011

3 Copyright by Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków 2011 RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF Marek Nowak SECRÉTAIRE DE LA RÉDACTION Marcin S. Przybyła COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION Jan Chochorowski, Krzysztof Ciałowicz, Piotr Kaczanowski, Janusz K. Kozłowski, Ulla Lund Hansen, Vjacheslav I. Molodin, Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka, Jacek Poleski, Pál Raczky, Paweł Valde-Nowak RÉDACTEURS DU SUJET Wojciech Blajer, Renata Madyda-Legutko, Janusz Ostrowski, Krzysztof Sobczyk, Joachim Śliwa COMITÉ DE LECTURE Renata Abłamowicz, Justyna Baron, Urszula Bugaj, Sylwester Czopek, Anna Gawlik, Jacek Górski, Morten Hegewisch, Stan Hendrickx, Sławomir Kadrow, Tobias Kienlin, Michał Kobusiewicz, Przemysław Makarowicz, Jerzy Piekalski, Marián Soják, Marcin Wołoszyn RÉDACTEUR STATISTIQUE Łukasz Kosiński ÉDITEURS DE LANGUE Aeddan Shaw, Piotr Godlewski MAQUETTE DE COUVERTURE Wydawnictwo i Pracownia Archeologiczna PROFIL-ARCHEO Magdalena Dzięgielewska MISE EN PAGES Wydawnictwo i Pracownia Archeologiczna PROFIL-ARCHEO Magdalena Dzięgielewska EN COUVERTURE Les types de statuettes en terre cuite mycéniennes de région au Bas-Danube (les répliques modernes), et la reconstruction du spécimen découvert sur l hameau fortifié de l Âge du Bronze à Maszkowice (Carpates occidentales extérieures) (Réalisation et photo par E. Przybyła et M. Przybyła) ADRESSE DE LA RÉDACTION Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, ul. Gołębia 11, PL Kraków mniauj@interia.pl mszprzybyla@gmail.com La version originale des Recherches Archéologique Nouvelle Serie est la version papier ISSN

4 CONTENU ÉTUDES Marcin S. Przybyła, Magdalena Skoneczna: The fortified settlement from the Early and Middle Bronze Age at Maszkowice, Nowy Sącz district (Western Carpathians). Preliminary results of studies conducted in the years Łukasz Mrówka: Development of pottery style on the Bronze and Early Iron Age cemetery at Kietrz, Głubczyce district, in the light of statistical analyses...67 Болтрик Юрий Викторович: Элитные курганы как маркеры территориальной структуры Cкифии Tobias L. Kienlin, Klaus Cappenberg, Marta M. Korczyńska, Jakob Ociepka: Vorläufiger Bericht über die Prospektionsarbeiten der Jahre 2010 und 2011 im Umfeld der Höhensiedlung von Janowice (AZP Nr. 61) im mittleren Dunajectal, Kleinpolen RAPPORTS Michał Wojenka, Jarosław Wilczyński, Dobrawa Sobieraj: Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave (Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków district) in Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz: Excavations in the Western Kom at Tell el-farkha Mariusz A. Jucha: The Polish archaeological survey in the north-eastern part of the Nile Delta (season 2010) the pottery from Tell el-murra and Tell Abu el-halyat Joanna Zagórska-Telega, Jan Bulas, Jacek Pikulski, Anita Szczepanek: Excavations of multicultural site 1 at Michałowice, Czarnocin commune, Świętokrzyskie province, in the years Ulana Gocman, Igor Pieńkos: Studies on the Lusatian culture settlement and animal husbandry on site 1 at Zagórzyce, Kazimierza Wielka district, based on the materials from seasons Dariusz Niemiec, Przemysław Nocuń, Kajetan Nowak, Agata Sztyber, Michał Wojenka: Stratigraphy of cultural deposits in the western part of the Jagiellonian University s Ogród Profesorski in Kraków...241

5 Recherches Archéologiques NS 3, 2011, ISSN Michał Wojenka 1, Jarosław Wilczyński 2, Dobrawa Sobieraj Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave (Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków district) in 2011 Abstract: Archaeological excavations in the Żarska Cave, carried out in 2011 yielded artefacts dated to the Eneolithic (Baden culture), the Roman Period (Przeworsk culture), the Middle Ages and the post-medieval period. The fieldworks were focused on the terrace situated in front of the cave entrance (trench 1/2011), but some works were also conducted in the main chamber of the cave, where recent piles of earth were sifted. Both of the two stages of the survey led to the revealing of artefacts including fragments of pottery single flint artefacts and faunal remains. It is worth noting the discovery of human remains, which suggests the presence of a burial site, probably located primarily in the cave s interior. The results of works conducted in 2011 indicate that the earlier opinions which assumed the lack of archaeological artefacts in the Żarska Cave should be revised. The excavations will be continued Key-words: Żarska Cave, Baden culture, Przeworsk culture, Middle Ages, animal bones, human bones 1. Introduction In 1 August a small archaeological excavation was carried out in Żarska Cave in Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków province. These fieldworks were the very first archaeological investigation of the cave since 1879, when the famous Polish scholar, Gotfryd Ossowski, had verified its archaeological significance with negative results (Ossowski 1880, 44). Since then, the cave in Żary was considered to be perspectiveless for over 130 years (Kowalski 1951, 219). 1 Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Gołębia St. 11, Kraków, Poland; michal.wojenka@uj.edu.pl. 2 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences; Kraków, Poland. In recent years, the cave has frequently been explored by groups of spealeologists. Their activity have brought about an important change in the potential of the site, revealing a lot of information about the presence of artefacts in the cave s Main Room (Szelerewicz, Górny 2008), giving an impulse to resume archaeological excavations. The fieldwork, led by the authors of this paper in 2011, were concentrated mostly on researching an open terrace, situated before the entrance, where the trench T1/2011 was explored. 2. Location and description of the site Żarska Cave is situated in the middle part of the Żary Gorge, south-east of the village of Żary, between the valleys of the

6 144 Michał Wojenka, Jarosław Wilczyński, Dobrawa Sobieraj small Racławka and Szklarka rivers, about 10 km north of Kraków (Fig. 1). The area of the cave lies in the Jurassic Kraków- Częstochowa Upland, abundant both in caves and rockshelters. The cave is located on the eastern slope of the Żary Gorge, at an elevation of 370 metres above sea level, about 20 metres above the gorge s bottom (Kowalski 1951, 218; compare: Ossowski 1880, 41). The entrance to the cave, about 20 metres wide, is on the outer side and lined with big boulders that have fallen down from the cave roof. The entrance aspect is western. Describing the entrance, it is worth noting that it was practically invisible not only from the bottom of the gorge, but also from its opposite slope (Fig. 2). Thus, taking into account the possible use of the site as a place of refuge, the cave had an additional value for its explorers in the past. The cave consists of a wide room of about 18 metres in length and maximally 30 metres in width. Its height in some places exceeds 2 metres. The walls and the roof of the cave, relatively rich in speleothems, in some parts are dark-brownish or black, which is usually connected with soot coming from fireplaces or torches (Bennington et al. 1962, 238; Gradziński et al. 1998). In present times, the cave level is bumpy and irregular and the sediments evidently slope down eastwards. Inside the cave, a large number of illegal fieldworks are visible. 3. State of research The very first archaeological dig in Żarska Cave was carried out by Gotfryd Ossowski during a wide-ranging campaign of 1879 when a total number of 32 caves were explored (Ossowski 1880, 39 40). Although soon reported (Ossowski 1880), the range of the excavations in Żarska Cave is unknown. According to the somewhat later publication of Czarnowski (1911, 35) the research of Żarska Cave led by Ossowski was very precise, but this information probably means that the spatial range of fieldwork was broad. It must be emphasized that in Fig. 1. Location of Żarska Cave.

7 Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave (Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków district) in Fig. 2. The entrance to the cave (marked with an arrow) seen from north-western part of the terrace (photo by M. Wojenka) Ossowski s paper from 1880, a profile of the whole cave was published (Ossowski 1880, Plate V) reflecting, probably, the scale of the archaeological dig. Due to the cited report, the expedition in the Żarska Cave did not find any artefacts (Ossowski 1880, 44). In the late 1990 s, a small, illegal trench was opened in the southern part of the cave. Due to the information published by M. Szelerewicz and A. Górny the trench was 1,5 metres in diameter and about 2 metres deep. In its profiles, charcoal and pottery sherds were clearly visible (Szelerewicz, Górny 2008, 30). On the basis of this information, the authors of the presented paper decided to carry out an archaeological dig. The first season of excavations, realized in 2011, was dedicated to researching the area of the terrace before the cave s entrance, where the small TI/2011 trench was opened. 4. The excavations at Żarska Cave in 2011 The excavations were realised from the 1st to the 16th of August During the fieldwork, a 2 3 metre trench was examined. The trench was located on the flat terrace, about 3 metres from the cave s entrance (Fig. 3). The orientation of the trench was NE-SW. Apart from regular fieldwork, some works were carried out in the Main Room of the cave, where the loose, recently heaped-dirt was occasionally examined with a sieve. These works revealed a lot of artefacts, faunal remains and in one case a human vertebra. 5. Stratigraphy The trench TI/2011 revealed a relatively uncomplicated stratigraphy of the terrace in front of the cave s entrance (Fig. 4; 5), consisting of only four layers:

8 146 Michał Wojenka, Jarosław Wilczyński, Dobrawa Sobieraj Fig. 3. The plan of the cave with location of trench TI/2011. On the basis of: Szelerewicz, Górny 2008, 29. Layer 1 Recent dark-brownish humus on the top of the trench, about 15 centimetres deep. The layer contained several flint artefacts, pottery fragments dated from the Iron Age to the Post-Medieval period, faunal remains and one human phalanx. Sporadically, limestone rubble was observed. Layer 2 Dark grey layer, about centimetres deep, discovered just below layer 1. The archaeological and paleontological assemblage, although poorer, is similar to the layer described above. The admixture of limestone rubble was small. The rubble was both sharp-edged and of a smooth surface.

9 Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave (Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków district) in Fig. 4. North-western profile of the trench TI/2011 Fig. 5. North-eastern profile of the trench TI/2001

10 148 Michał Wojenka, Jarosław Wilczyński, Dobrawa Sobieraj Layer 3a Clayey, yellow loess about centimetres deep, discovered just below layer 2, without artefacts and faunal remains. The limestone rubble appeared only incidentally, the main characteristics of the layer remained sterile. Layer 3b Dark-yellow, clayey loess mixed with a huge amount of sharp-edged limestone rubble and big blocks of limestone. The upper part of this layer evidently sloped downwards due to landsliding processes, in the direction of the valley bottom. Its lower part lay on the limestone bedrock, interpreted as the collapsed ceiling of cave s entrance area. Layer 3b did not contain any traces of human activity or faunal remains. The analysis of stratigraphy in trench TI/2011 leads to the conclusion that layers no. 1 and 2 should be considered as the filling of an old trench. This hypothesis is the most probable when taking into account the characteristic shape of layer 1 at the level of 40 centimetres (Fig. 6) and the appearance of speleothem fragments, found in the recent humus, which are originally connected with the cave s room. The formation of layers 3a and 3b shall be connected with loess sedimentation in the Pleistocene period and landsliding processes. 6. Analysis of the material Pottery Archaeological fieldwork of 2011 in Żarska Cave resulted in finding 139 pottery fragments, 6 flint artefacts, 138 faunal remains and 2 human bones. In most cases, the archaeological material was found during explorations carried out in trench TI/2011 (Table 1) 3 For a complete analysis of excavated material see: Wojenka et al Fig. 6. Żarska Cave, trench TI/2011. View from SW (photo by M. Wojenka)

11 Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave (Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków district) in Table 1. Pottery fragments discovered in Żarska Cave during the fieldwork in 2011 Trench TI/2011 Main Room of the cave Pile of earth from trench TI/2011 Baden Culture Przeworsk Culture Middle Ages Middle Ages/ Post mediaeval period Post-mediaeval period TOTAL TOTAL The pottery fragments represent the various chronological horizons of the cave s exploitation. Due to the archaeological evidence, the oldest traces of human activity belong to the Eneolithic Baden culture (1 pottery fragment). The source material dated to the Iron Age (Przeworsk culture) is more evident and better represented (a total number of 20 sherds). The most frequent are pieces of ceramics dated to the Middle Ages and Post-Medieval period (118 pottery sherds). The Baden culture is represented by only one piece of pottery 4, found during the process of sieving the piles of excavated earth in the Main Room of the cave (Fig 7.1, 8.1). Formally, this artefact belongs to a bowl with a round bottom and an attached handle, well represented in the Baden culture assemblage (Rook 1980, 31; Kozłowski 1989, 215; Soják 2010, 87, Fig. 24). The diameter of its upper part is about 11 centimetres. The bowl was made of iron clay mixed with medium and small grains of stone (about 1 3 mm of diameter) and mica (0,2 0,5 mm), fired in an oxidative atmosphere. The bowl from Żarska Cave was decorated with a typical fluted 4 The authors would like to thank Albert Zastawny, MA from the Archaeological Museum in Krakow for his interesting consultations. ornament (Rook 1980, Plate XI.5 8), following the ornamentation of contemporary, Anatolian vessels made of metal (Sochacki 1980, 32; Zastawny 2006, 442). The pottery sherd from Żarska Cave represents the so-called late classic horizon of Baden culture, well known from the caves of the southern part of Kraków- Częstochowa Upland (Zastawny 2006, 453; see also: Rook 1995, 66). Similar artefacts had been found in the neighbourhood of Żary, in Podskalany (Wilczy Stok Cave), Wierzchowie (Mamutowa Cave) and in Ojców (Ciemna Cave-Oborzysko Wielkie) (Rook 1980, Plate XI.5 8). It is noteworthy that the find from Żarska Cave now sets the western border of the penetration of Baden culture societies, reaching now the valley of the Racławka river. So far, the westernmost discoveries were the artefacts from Zdaminowa Cave and Pod Słupami Cave in Kobylany, Krakow district (Rook 1980, 88; Zastawny 2006, 441) The next horizon of the exploitation of Żarska Cave can be dated to the Younger or Late Roman Period 5, represented by the 5 The authors would like to thank Dr Judyta Rodzińska-Nowak from the Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University for consultations on the source material.

12 150 Michał Wojenka, Jarosław Wilczyński, Dobrawa Sobieraj Fig. 7. Żarska Cave. The selection of pottery fragments sherds from the inner part of the cave (1: Baden culture; 2 10: Middle Ages); sherds from the trench TI/2011 (11 12: Przeworsk culture; 13 28: Middle Ages; 29 30: post-medieval period)

13 Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave (Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków district) in Fig. 8. Żarska Cave. The selection of pottery fragments. 1: Baden culture; 2 4: Przeworsk culture; 5 9: Middle Ages (photo by M. Wojenka)

14 152 Michał Wojenka, Jarosław Wilczyński, Dobrawa Sobieraj 20 pottery sherds of Przeworsk culture, found both in the TI/2011 trench (12 fragments) and in the Main Room of the cave (8 pieces of pottery). The analysed material was fragmented, resulting in difficulties in attempting to describe its forms (Fig 7.11; 8.2 4). All of these shards represent vessels made of iron clay, mixed with grains of stone (grain size up to 1 mm: 2 fragments; up to 3 mm: 10 fragments; up to 5 mm: 7 fragments). The firing of the Przeworsk culture vessels from Żarska Cave was made both in oxidative (4 shards) and a reducing atmosphere (12 fragments). In 4 cases, the inner surfaces of pottery shards were dark grey, while their outer parts revealed an oxidative atmosphere of firing. The most probable explanation for this heterogeneity is that the vessels were placed upside down in firing. The Medieval phase of exploitation of Żarska Cave is represented by a total number of 65 pottery fragments 6. The majority of shards were found during the regular exploration of the TI/2011 trench (42 fragments), while the examination of piles of excavated earth in the Main Room of the cave revealed 23 pieces of ceramics. Due to the source material, it is impossible to determine whether the collection of medieval pottery fragments represents an isolated episode of cave s exploitation or more frequent use. The determining of its more precise chronology seems to be problematic. Generally, it can be confined to between the 13 th and the beginnings of 16 th century. It should be emphasized, however, that in the case of several fragments a slightly earlier chronology can be presumed (13 th 1 st half of 14 th century.). These remarks should be 6 Due to the fragmentation of the next 18 fragments, the determining of their chronology was impossible. These shards may be both Medieval and early post-medieval. added particularly to the small group of 5 rims of the pots, representing 3 different vessels (Fig 7.2, 7.3, 7.17, 8.5, 8.6, 8.8). The morphology of these rims, when compared with their technical features (pots made of iron clay mixed with fine sand, ca. 0,5 1 mm, fired in oxidative atmosphere) seems to have some analogies in other, medieval sites, particularly in Kraków, where similar rims had been found in layers generally dated to the 13 th century. (rims no. 54 and 55, see: Radwański 1975, 360; see also: Wałowy 1979, 121). Other sites provide less precise analogies, like Villa Decius in Krakow (Zaitz 1980, Table I.5), the fortress in Szaflary, Nowy Targ district (Wałowy 1960, Table VII.7), and in the layers of the stronghold in Biśnik (in Strzegowa village, Zawiercie district; Muzolf 1996, 125, Fig. 11). It is worth noting that the chronology of the latter site was determined as the 2 nd half of 13 th 1 st half of 14 th century (Muzolf 1996). The rest of the analyzed Medieval material cannot be regarded as diagnostic as the rims described above 7. It is worth noting, however, the presence of 3 shards covered with an olive-green glaze, found during the process of sieving the piles of excavated earth in the Main Room of the cave. All of these glazed shards were made of iron clay containing an admixture of fine sand (c.a. 1 mm) and then fired in an oxidative atmosphere. In one case, the decoration of horizontal stripes was noticed (Fig. 7.7, 8.7). The fragmentation of the rest of medieval pottery fragments from Żarska Cave has caused problems in determining the forms 7 Just like the already described sherds, the rest of the medieval pottery fragments (60 sherds) were made of iron clay, mixed generally with fine sand (about 0,1 0,5 mm of granulation). Sporadically, during the analysis of source material, the admixture of crushed stone was revealed (c.a. 0,5 mm). In the case of 17 fragments the decoration of horizontal stripes was noticed.

15 Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave (Żary, Krzeszowice commune, Kraków district) in of the vessels. Probably in most cases these shards represent pots. The only exception should be 7 fragments of lids (Fig. 7.10). The post-medieval episode (episodes?) of the cave s exploitation is reflected by 35 pottery fragments, practically in all cases so fragmented that the determining of forms was impossible. One of the sherds was determined as a lid fragment. Technologically, the post-medieval pottery fragments were made mostly of iron clay mixed with an admixture of fine sand (30 fragments), with the addition of crushed stone (12 fragments) and in one case chamotte. The granulation of stone admixture was about 0,1 0,5 mm, just like the average size of the grains of crushed stone. Three fragments of post-medieval pottery represent vessels prepared of white, kaolinite clay (Czopek, Lubelczyk 1993, 45; Buko, Kajzer 2005), fired in an oxidative atmosphere. The fractures of post-medieval shards were both red or reddish (22 fragments) and two-coloured (red outer surface, dark grey in the inner part of shard). In 11 cases, glazed fragments were distinguished. The colour of the glaze was brown (2 fragments), olive (4 shards), green (2 shards), reddish-orange (2 shards of one vessel; Fig. 7.29) and dark yellow (1 fragment of the vessel made of kaolinite clay). The decoration of the post-medieval vessels was noticed only sporadically (5 sherds from 4 different vessels). Apart from the decoration of horizontal stripes, a punched ornament was noticed (2 fragments of 1 vessel; Fig. 7.29). Due to the fragmentation of the post- Medieval pottery, the safest chronology should be determined as 16 th 18 th century. It must be emphasized however, that the presence of the vessels of two-coloured fractures theoretically may indicate a little more precise chronology (16 th 17 th century.) Flint inventory Besides pottery fragments, six flint artefacts were found. Among them we can describe five blades and a single oblique truncated blade (Fig. 9). These artefacts are well preserved, all made from local Jurassic flint. The blades are slender, all having been obtained from a single-platform core. Only one of them is a large, massive specimen, partially covered by a cortex. The truncated blade is slightly curved without signs of utilization (Fig. 9.1). The technology and morphology of this material indicates its Neolithic chronology (Kaczanowska 1982; Balcer 1983). Fragments of a Baden culture cup discovered inside the cave, may indicate that this flint inventory could be associated with this culture. 7. Bone assemblage During excavations, 138 bone and teeth fragments were found. Among them, the remains of swine and birds predominated. Also present were single remains Fig. 9. Żarska Cave. Selection of flint artifacts. 1 truncated blade; 2, 3 blades. The scale is 3 cm. Drawing J. Wilczyński

16 154 Michał Wojenka, Jarosław Wilczyński, Dobrawa Sobieraj of a badger, rabbit, sheep/goat and cattle. Noteworthy is the discovery of a beaver humerus. Among the bone material obtained during excavations, both in the trench TI/2011 and from the old heap inside the cave, two human remains were described: cervical vertebra and a phalanx. Unfortunately, the chronology of these bones is unclear. They could be connected with both Neolithic or even post-medieval episode(s) of occupation. 8. Conclusions The results of the excavations carried out in Żarska Cave in 2011 undoubtedly change the earlier opinions about the limited archaeological potential of the site (Ossowski 1880). Due to the excavated material, some hypothesis may be proposed the penetration of the cave by the Baden and Przeworsk cultures, and its intensification (?) in the Middle Ages and post-medieval period. It cannot be excluded that the medieval shards reflect a faction of the material culture of the inhabitants of medieval villages in the vicinity of the cave using the site as place of refuge or for economic issues. The founding of the nearby village of Szklary took place in 1329 (Laberschek 1995, 168), while the village of Żary was mentioned for the first time in 1388 (Laberschek 1995, 168). The problem of the presence of human bones definitely needs to be solved by further excavations. So far their chronology cannot be confirmed in any way. The excavations in Żarska Cave will be continued. Badania archeologiczne w Jaskinii Żarskiej (Żary, gm. Krzeszowice, pow. krakowski) w roku Artykuł omawia wyniki prac wykopaliskowych, przeprowadzonych w Jaskini Żarskiej w Żarach, pow. Kraków latem 2011 roku. Były to pierwsze badania tego stanowiska od 1879 roku, a zatem od czasu prac badawczych Gotfryda Ossowskiego. Badania wykopaliskowe prowadzono w obrębie tarasu przedjaskiniowego (wykop I/2011), równolegle podejmując dorywcze prace zmierzające do przesiania licznych hałd ziemi, zalegających we wnętrzu jaskini. Oba etapy badań doprowadziły do ujawnienia artefaktów, zarówno ułamków naczyń ceramicznych, jak również pojedynczych zabytków krzemiennych oraz pozostałości fauny. Na uwagę zasługuje fakt odkrycia szczątków ludzkich, co pośrednio wydaje się wskazywać na obecność pochówku, zapewne pierwotnie znajdującego się we wnętrzu jaskini. Pozyskany w trakcie badań w 2011 roku inwentarz zabytkowy reprezentowany jest przez 1 ułamek naczynia kultury badeńskiej, 6 zabytków krzemiennych (być może związanych z osadnictwem badeńskim), 20 ułamków naczyń z młodszego lub późnego okresu wpływów rzymskich, 65 ułamków naczyń z okresu średniowiecza, 35 fragmentów naczyń nowożytnych oraz 18 fragmentów ceramiki o późnośredniowiecznej lub wczesnonowożytnej chronologii. Dodać należy, iż cechy technologiczne diagnostycznych ułamków naczyń średniowiecznych wskazują na wykorzystanie jaskini w okresie XIII 1. połowy XIV wieku. Przeprowadzone w 2011 roku badania sprawiają, że należy dokonać rewizji wcześniejszych poglądów, zakładających brak zabytków archeologicznych w Jaskini Żarskiej. Badania będą kontynuowane.

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