VASCULAR PLANTS ON ACTIVE AND CLOSED RAILWAY STATIONS IN WOLSZTYN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. Introduction

Transkrypt

1 Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu CCCLXXVIII (2006) RENATA PISKORZ, ANETA CZARNA VASCULAR PLANTS ON ACTIVE AND CLOSED RAILWAY STATIONS IN WOLSZTYN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS From Department of Botany The August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań ABSTRACT. The paper contains 274 species recorded at the railway station in Wolsztyn and four active and four closed down stations in the surroundings of Wolsztyn. On the basis of floristic analysis and the coefficient of floristic similarities, the differentiation of flora has been described depending on the use or discontinuation of the use of railway stations and their size. Key words: flora, active railway stations, closed down railway stations, Wolsztyn, Poland Introduction Synanthropic flora on areas lying around railway stations remains under a distinct influence of the variability of reloaded and transported goods of plant origin. The local habitat s specificity of railway terrains favours the appearance and spread of many interesting species. Destruction of vegetation in the vicinity of railway lines and their sidings creates to the newcomers open localities devoid of any competition from the side of native flora. In spite of favourable habitat conditions, only a small part of brought in species is successful in becoming naturalized, the majority appear ephemerically and later they disappear. On the other hand, there exists a number of species which keep existing in the locality even after the discontinuation of the given traction use. In result there is a high diversity and variability of the floristic composition of the railway stations and the railway lines. The present studies aimed at the definition of the connection between the discontinuation of the active use of railway stations and the character of flora and the finding out whether a big active railway station differs floristically from smaller but still actively used objects. The actual studies on the synanthropic flora of railway stations are not numerous (Kornaś et al. 1959, Sowa 1966, Latowski 1972, 1977, 1979, Ćwikliński 1974), but they are continued (Janowska 2002). Rocz. AR Pozn. CCCLXXVIII, Bot.-Stec. 10: Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej im. Augusta Cieszkowskiego w Poznaniu, Poznań 2006 PL ISSN

2 138 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna Methods Studies were carried out on railway stations of the lines: Grodzisk Wielkopolski Wolsztyn Sulechów (Fig. 1). The section between Grodzisk Wielkopolski and Wolsztyn is an active traction, while the section between Wolsztyn and Sulechów has been closed since the beginning of the 1990-ies. Poznań Ruchocice Powodowo Zbąszyń Rostarzewo Rakoniewice Kopanica Żodyń Wolsztyn Tłoki Railway stations Stacje kolejowe Road Droga Sulechów Kargowa Leszno 1km Lake Jezioro Fig. 1. Location of investigated railway stations Ryc. 1. Lokalizacja badanych stacji kolejowych Floristic lists were made on four active and four closed railway stations lying the closest to the Wolsztyn junction station. These stations can be counted to small ones lying in small localities or in villages and their length ranges within km. The stations usually have one platform, exceptionally there may be two platforms. Observations were carried out on the railway subgrade and on the area at railway station buildings. No purposeful destructions or exterminations of plants were discovered on the railway subgrades. Spontaneous gramineous communities developing around railway station buildings are usually mown. In order to find whether the size of a used railway station has any effect on the floristic richness, a comparative inventory of flora on the Wolsztyn railway station was carried out. Species were listed starting from the railway crossing of the line leading to Zbąszyń as far as the railway crossing leading to Poznań. On that section, there are railway subgrades at the platform, side subgrades, subgrades for reloading of goods and an area at an active locomotive shed. Within the side subgrades, chemical methods of plant control are used. Plant lists were made in July Plant names have been given according to Mirek et al. (2002). A five-degree frequency scale of species was prepared: 1 single occurrence, 2 rather rare, 3 dispersed, 4 frequent, 5 mass occurrence. Coefficient of floristic similarity was derived from Kulczyński s formula (Pawłowski 1972). Classification of geographico-historical life forms and socio-ecological groups was accepted after Chmiel (1993). Herbary sheets have been deposited in the Herbary of the Department of Botany The August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań (POZNB).

3 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Effect on flora exerted by discontinuation of railway line use During the studies, on four active and four closed railway stations, 237 vascular plant species were recorded (Table 1). Discontinuation of a railway station use causes an increase of floristic riches: on closed railway stations, totally 237 species were found, while at active objects, only 149 species were present. Analysis of the occurrence frequency of plants on active and closed railway stations showed that: 61 species occurred only on currently closed railway stations, 60 species occurred more frequently on currently closed railway stations, 34 species occurred only on active railway stations, 28 species occurred more frequently on active stations, 54 species were found on both types of objects with the same frequency. Table 1 Alphabetical list and characterization of species of the investigated railway stations Alfabetyczny wykaz i charakterystyka gatunków występujących na badanych stacjach kolejowych Species Gatunek Family Rodzina Geographic-historical group Grupa geograficzno-historyczna Life form Forma życiowa Socio-ecological group Grupa socjologiczno-ekologiczna Kargowa Kopanica Żodyń Powodowo Wolsztyn Tłoki Rostarzewo Rakoniewice Ruchocice Acer negundo L. Aceraceae Ken M Acer platanoides L. Aceraceae Ap M Acer pseudoplatanus L. Aceraceae Ap M Achillea millefolium L. Asteraceae Ap G Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy Lamiaceae Ap T Agrostis capillaris L. Poaceae Ap H 5 1 Allium scorodoprasum L. Liliaceae Ap G 3 1 Allium vineale L. Liliaceae Ap G Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Brassicaceae Ap T 5 1 Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson Amaranthaceae D T 15 1 Amaranthus retroflexus L. Amaranthaceae Ken T Anchusa officinalis L. Boraginaceae Arch T Anthemis arvensis L. Asteraceae Arch T

4 140 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna Table 1 cont Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Poaceae Ap H 2 1 Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Apiaceae Ap H 3 1 Anthyllis vulneraria L. Fabaceae Ap H Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Poaceae Arch T Brassicaceae Ap T 17 1 Arctium lappa L. Asteraceae Ap T 13 1 Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Caryophyllaceae Ap T Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl Plumbaginaceae Ap H Brassicaceae Arch H 13 1 Poaceae Ap H Artemisia absinthium L. Asteraceae Ap H Artemisia campestris L. Asteraceae Ap H Artemisia vulgaris L. Asteraceae Ap H Asparagus officinalis L. Liliaceae Ken G Asplenium ruta-muraria L. Aspleniaceae Ap H 18 1 Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Fabaceae Ap H 2 1 Atriplex patula L. Chenopodiaceae Ap T Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. Poaceae Ap H 9 2 Ballota nigra L. Lamiaceae Arch H Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Brassicaceae Ap H 10 1 Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Brassicaceae Ap T Betula pendula Roth Betulaceae Ap M Betula pubescens Ehrh. Betulaceae Sp M Brassica napus L. Brassicaceae D T 19 1 Bromus hordeaceus L. Poaceae Ap T Bromus inermis Leyss. Poaceae Ap G Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr Poaceae D T 14 2 Bromus sterilis L. Poaceae Arch T Bromus tectorum L. Poaceae Arch T Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth Poaceae Ap G Campanula carpatica Jacq. Campanulaceae D H 2 1 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik Brassicaceae Arch T

5 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Table 1 cont. Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek Brassicaceae Sp H Carduus acanthoides L. Asteraceae Arch T 14 1 Carex hirta L. Cyperaceae Ap G Carex ligerica J. Gay Cyperaceae Ap G 4 1 Carex spicata Huds. Cyperaceae Ap H 2 1 Centaurea cyanus L. Asteraceae Arch T Centaurea jacea L. Asteraceae Ap H 9 1 Centaurea scabiosa L. Asteraceae Ap H 4 1 Centaurea stoebe L. Asteraceae Ap H Cerastium arvense L. s. s. Caryophyllaceae Ap H Cerastium biebersteinii DC. Caryophyllaceae D H 19 1 Cerastium holosteoides Fr. em. Hyl. Caryophyllaceae Sp H Cerastium semidecandrum L. Caryophyllaceae Ap T Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill. Rosaceae D N Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb. Scrophulariaceae Ap T 16 1 Onagraceae Ap H Asteraceae Arch T 17 1 Asteraceae Ken T Chelidonium majus L. Papaveraceae Ap H Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae Ap T Chenopodium strictum Roth Chenopodiaceae Ken T 15 1 Chondrilla juncea L. Asteraceae Ap H Cichorium intybus L. Asteraceae Arch H Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop Asteraceae Ap G Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Asteraceae Ap T Clematis vitalba L. Ranunculaceae D N 19 1 Consolida regalis Gray Ranunculaceae Arch T Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulaceae Ap G Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Asteraceae Ken T Coronilla varia L. Fabaceae Ap H Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae Ap H 5 1 Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Rosaceae Ap N Crepis tectorum L. Asteraceae Ap T

6 142 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna Table 1 cont Dactylis glomerata L. Poaceae Ap H Daucus carota L. Apiaceae Ap T Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Brassicaceae Arch T Poaceae Arch T 15 2 Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. Brassicaceae Ken T 15 1 Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Aspidiaceae Sp H Poaceae Arch T 16 1 Echium vulgare L. Boraginaceae Ap T Elymus repens (L.) Poaceae Ap G Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. Onagraceae Ken H Epilobium adnatum Griseb. Onagraceae Ap H 19 1 Epilobium hirsutum L. Onagraceae Ap H 8 1 Equisetum arvense L. Equisetaceae Ap G Eragrostis minor Host Poaceae Ken T Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. Geraniaceae Ap T Eupatorium cannabinum L. Asteraceae Sp H 7 1 Euphorbia cyparissias L. Euphorbiaceae Ap H Euphorbia peplus L. Euphorbiaceae Arch T 16 1 Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. Apiaceae Ap H 4 1 Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve Polygonaceae Arch T Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Poaceae Ap H 10 1 Festuca rubra L. s. s. Poaceae Ap H Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina Poaceae Ap H Fragaria vesca L. Rosaceae 1 Fragaria viridis Duchesne Rosaceae Ap H 4 1 Fraxinus excelsior L. Oleaceae Ap M Galeopsis angustifolia (Ehrh.) Hoffm. Lamiaceae Ken T Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Asteraceae Ken T 16 2 Galium aparine L. Rubiaceae Ap T Galium mollugo L. Rubiaceae Ap H Galium spurium L. Rubiaceae Arch T Galium verum L. Rubiaceae Ap H Geranium molle L. Geraniaceae Ken T

7 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Table 1 cont. Geranium pusillum Burm. F. ex L Geraniaceae Arch T Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. Geraniaceae Ken H 14 1 Geranium robertianum L. Geraniaceae Sp T Geum urbanum L. Rosaceae Ap H 3 1 Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench Asteraceae Ap H Heracleum sibiricum L. Apiaceae Ap H Herniaria glabra L. Caryophyllaceae Ap H 5 1 Hieracium pilosella L. Asteraceae Ap H Holcus lanatus L. Poaceae Ap H Holosteum umbellatum L. Caryophyllaceae Ap T 5 1 Hordeum murinum L. Poaceae Arch T Humulus lupulus L. Cannabaceae Sp H 7 1 Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae Ap H Hypochoeris radicata L. Asteraceae Ap H Impatiens parviflora DC. Balsaminaceae Ken T Iris germanica L. Iridaceae D H Jasione montana L. Campanulaceae Ap T 5 2 Knautia arvensis (L.) J.M. Coult. Dipsacaceae Ap H Lactuca serriola L. Asteraceae Arch T Lamium album L. Lamiaceae Arch H 3 1 Lamium amplexicaule L. Lamiaceae Arch T 16 1 Lamium purpureum L. Lamiaceae Arch T Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. Boraginaceae Ap T 15 1 Lapsana communis L. s. s. Asteraceae Ap T 3 1 Lathyrus latifolius L. Fabaceae D G 19 1 Lathyrus tuberosus L. Fabaceae Arch G 17 1 Leontodon autumnalis L. Asteraceae Ap H Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Mérat Asteraceae Ap H Leonurus cardiaca L. Lamiaceae Arch H 14 1 Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Brassicaceae Arch T 15 1 Brassicaceae Ken T Lepidium ruderale L. Brassicaceae Arch T Linaria vulgaris Mill. Scrophulariaceae Ap G Lithospermum arvense L. Boraginaceae Arch T 17 1

8 144 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna Table 1 cont Lolium perenne L. Poaceae Ap H Lotus corniculatus L. Fabaceae Ap H Malus domestica Borkh. Rosaceae D M Malva neglecta Wallr. Malvaceae Arch T Matricaria maritima L. subsp. inodora (L.) Dostál Matteucia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. Asteraceae Arch T Athyriaceae D H 19 1 Medicago falcata L. Fabaceae Ap H Medicago lupulina L. Fabaceae Ap H Medicago minima (L.) L. Fabaceae Ap T Medicago sativa L. Fabaceae Ken H Medicago varia Martyn Fabaceae Ken H Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke Caryophyllaceae Ap H Melilotus alba Medik. Fabaceae Ap T Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. Fabaceae Ap T Morus alba L. Moraceae D M 19 1 Mycelis muralis L. Asteraceae Sp H 1 1 Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill Boraginaceae Arch T 17 1 Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult. Boraginaceae Ap T Oenothera biennis L. s. s. Onagraceae Ap T Oenothera sp. Onagraceae Ap T Ononis spinosa L. Fabaceae Ap Ch Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Liliaceae Ken G Padus avium Mill. Rosaceae Sp M 1 1 Padus serotina (Ehrh.) Borkh. Rosaceae Ken M Papaver argemone L. Papaveraceae Arch T Papaver dubium L. Papaveraceae Arch T Papaver rhoeas L. Papaveraceae Arch T Papaver strigosum (Boenn.) Schur Papaveraceae Arch T 17 1 Pastinaca sativa L. Apiaceae Ap H Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. Caryophyllaceae Ap T Poaceae Sp Hel 7 1 Rosaceae D N 19 1 Picris hieracioides L. Asteraceae Ap H

9 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Table 1 cont Pimpinella major (L.) Huds. Apiaceae Sp H 8 1 Pimpinella nigra Mill. Apiaceae Ap H Pimpinella saxifraga L. Apiaceae Ap H Pinus sylvestris L. Pinaceae Ap M Plantago lanceolata L. Plantaginaceae Ap H Plantago major L. Plantaginaceae Ap H Poa annua L. Poaceae Ap T Poa bulbosa L. Poaceae Arch H 5 1 Poa compressa L. Poaceae Ap H Poa pratensis L. Poaceae Ap H Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonaceae Ap T Polygonum persicaria L. Polygonaceae Ap T 16 1 Populus tremula L. Salicaceae Ap M Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae D T 19 1 Potentilla argentea L. s. s. Rosaceae Ap H Potentilla recta L. Rosaceae Ap H Potentilla reptans L. Rosaceae Ap H Prunus domestica ssp. institia (L.) Bonnier & Layens Rosaceae D M Prunus insititia L. Rosaceae 1 1 Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. Rosaceae Ap M 1 1 Quercus robur L. Fagaceae Sp M Ranunculus acris L. s. s. Ranunculaceae Ap H Reseda lutea L. Resedaceae Ken H Rhamnus catharticus L. Rhamnaceae Sp N 1 1 Ribes spicatum E. Robson Grossulariaceae Sp N 1 1 Ribes uva-crispa L. Grossulariaceae Sp N Robinia pseudacacia L. Fabaceae Ken M Rosa canina L. Rosaceae Ap N Rubus caesius L. Rosaceae Ap Ch Rubus idaeus L. Rosaceae Sp Ch 2 1 Rumex acetosella L. Polygonaceae Ap G Rumex crispus L. Polygonaceae Ap H Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. Polygonaceae Ap H Salsola kali L. subsp. ruthenica (Iljin) Soó Chenopodiaceae Ken T 15 2 Sambucus nigra L. Caprifoliaceae Ap N Saponaria officinalis L. Caryophyllaceae Ap G Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm. Fabaceae Ken Ch 5 1

10 146 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna Table 1 cont Saxifraga tridactylites L. Saxifragaceae Ap T Scleranthus annuus L. Caryophyllaceae Arch T 17 1 Secale cereale L. Poaceae D T 19 1 Sedum acre L. Crassulaceae Ap H Sedum album L. Crassulaceae D H 19 1 Sedum maximum (L.) Hoffm. Crassulaceae Sp G Sedum reflexum L. Crassulaceae Sp H Sedum sexangulare L. Crassulaceae Sp H Senecio jacobaea L. Asteraceae Ap H Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit. Asteraceae Ken T Senecio viscosus L. Asteraceae Ap T Senecio vulgaris L. Asteraceae Arch T Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Poaceae Arch T Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae Arch T Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Caryophyllaceae Ap H Sisymbrium altissimum L. Brassicaceae Ken T 15 1 Sisymbrium loeselii L. Brassicaceae Ken T Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Brassicaceae Arch T 16 1 Solidago canadensis L. Asteraceae Ken G 13 1 Solidago gigantea Aiton Asteraceae Ken G 13 1 Sonchus arvensis L. Asteraceae Ap G Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Asteraceae Arch T 16 1 Sonchus oleraceus L. Asteraceae Arch T 16 2 Sorbus aucuparia L. em. Hedl. Rosaceae Sp M Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Caryophyllaceae Ap T 16 1 Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Piré Caryophyllaceae Ap T 16 1 Syringa vulgaris L. Oleaceae D N Tanacetum vulgare L. Asteraceae Ap H Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg Asteraceae Ap H Thelypteris palustris Schott Thelypteridaceae Sp G 6 1 Tilia cordata Mill. Tiliaceae Ap M Tilia platyphyllos Scop. Tiliaceae Ap M Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Apiaceae Ap T 3 1 Tragopogon dubius Scop. Asteraceae Ap T

11 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Table 1 cont Tragopogon orientalis L. Asteraceae Ap T 4 1 Tragopogon pratensis L. s. s. Asteraceae Ap T Trifolium arvense L. Fabaceae Ap T Trifolium campestre Schreb. Fabaceae Ap T Trifolium pratense L. Fabaceae Ap H Trifolium repens L. Fabaceae Ap H Triticum aestivum L. Poaceae D T 19 1 Tussilago farfara L. Asteraceae Ap G Urtica dioica L. Urticaceae Ap H Valerianella locusta Laterr. em. Betcke Valerianaceae Ap T 17 1 Verbascum lychnitis L. Scrophulariaceae Ap T Verbascum phlomoides L. Scrophulariaceae Ap T 14 1 Veronica arvensis L. Scrophulariaceae Ap T Veronica chamaedrys L. Scrophulariaceae Ap H Veronica hederifolia L. s. s. Scrophulariaceae Ap T 17 1 Veronica sublobata M.A. Fisch. Scrophulariaceae Ap T 3 1 Veronica triphyllos L. Scrophulariaceae Arch T 17 1 Vicia angustifolia L. Fabaceae Ap T Vicia cracca L. Fabaceae Ap G Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray Fabaceae Arch T Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb Fabaceae Arch T Vicia villosa Roth Fabaceae Arch T 17 2 Viola arvensis Murray Violaceae Arch T Viola canina L. Violaceae Ap H 2 1 Viola odorata L. Violaceae Arch H 3 1 Coefficients of floristic similarity for closed stations amounted to 50-63%, while for currently used ones they were slightly higher: 59-71% (Fig. 2). The flora of the studied railway stations included 54 families, whereby at active and closed stations, 48 identical families were found. The most numerously represented families included: Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae (Table 2). Species from Asteraceae were more numerously grouped on active stations. Picris hieracioides, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora and Chamomilla suaveolens showed the strongest association with these types of objects. Five species from that family were found only on active stations. No species from that family were found to occur exclusively on closed stations. Also species from Fabaceae were more numerously represented on active stations. Lotus corniculatus and Anthyllis vulenaria were recorded only on active stations.

12 Kopanica Wolsztyn 148 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna Kargowa Closed down railway stations Zamknięte stacje kolejowe Kopanica Żodyń Active railway stations Czynne stacje kolejowe Powodowo Wolsztyn Tłoki Rostarzewo Rakoniewice Ruchocice Kargowa Żodyń Powodowo Tłoki Rostarzewo Rakoniewice Ruchocice Fig. 2. Diagram of floristic similarities of railway stations Ryc. 2. Diagram podobieństwa florystycznego badanych stacji kolejowych Table 2 Participation of families (expressed by species number) in the flora of the investigated types of railway stations Udział rodzin (wyrażony liczbą gatunków) we florze badanych typów stacji kolejowych Family Rodzina Closed stations Stacje zamknięte Wolsztyn Active stations Stacje czynne Aceraceae Amaranthaceae Apiaceae Aspidiaceae Aspleniaceae Asteraceae Athyriaceae Balsaminaceae Betulaceae Boraginaceae Brassicaceae Campanulaceae 1 0 1

13 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Cannabaceae Caprifoliaceae Caryophyllaceae Chenopodiaceae Convolvulaceae Crassulaceae Cyperaceae Dipsacaceae Equisetaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Fagaceae Geraniaceae Grossulariaceae Hypericaceae Iridaceae Lamiaceae Liliaceae Malvaceae Moraceae Oleaceae Onagraceae Papaveraceae Pinaceae Plantaginaceae Plumbaginaceae Poaceae Polygonaceae Portulacaceae Ranunculaceae Resedaceae Rhamnaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Salicaceae Saxifragaceae Table 2 cont.

14 150 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna Scrophulariaceae Thelypteridaceae Tiliaceae Urticaceae Valerianaceae Violaceae Sum Suma Table 2 cont. Areas of railway stations are overgrown by common grass species, among them the most typical for such objects are: Arrenatherum elatius, Bromus sterilis, Bromus tectorum, Calamagrostis epigejos, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca trachyphylla and Poa compressa. One-year old species of Poa annua and Eragrostis minor, as well as Holcus lanatus were present only on active stations. Poa pratensis was rather numerous on all closed railway stations. On the other hand, on the Kargowa station, two species of cultivated cereals originating from neighbouring fields were found. The inventory of flora indicated that the discontinuation of the use of railway objects favours the settlement of species from Rosaceae family. They include mainly singly growing young specimens of trees, shrubs and small shrubs of the genera: Cerasus, Padus and Malus. On the closed stations, there was a rather great number of species of Crassulaceae family. More frequently encountered species occurring on closed stations were from Sedum genus; only here one can find Sedum album, Sedum sexangulare and Sedum reflexum. Sedum album and Sedum reflexum deserve attention because they originate from flower-beds decorating previously the railway stations. When their maintenance was discontinued, the plants spread along the railway traction to insolated localities. No distinct differences were found in the participation of species from different geographic-historical groups on both types of stations (Table 3). In both cases, the greatest participation was shown by apophytes from 66 to 77%, the remaining groups were definitely smaller, i.e. up to about ten percent or more. At active railway stations, slightly more frequent was the occurrence of kenophytes, Galeopsis angustifolia and Chamomilla suaveolens distinctly preferred such places. Spectra of life forms are very similar in reference to the objects of both types (Table 4). There dominate therophytes (37-50%). On all studied stations, Bromus sterilis and Lactuca serriola were found, and on the majority of stations, the following species were present: Acinos arvensis, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Berteroa incana, Bromus tectorum, Echium vulgare, Lepidium densiflorum and Melilotus officinalis. Discontinuation of railway traction use contributes to an insignificant increase of megaphanerophytes participation (more frequent are here young individuals of Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur and cultivable species: Prunus domestica and Malus domestica). Less numerous are megaphanerophytes and nanophanerophytes which were growing on active railway stations; most frequently they were still in the form of seedlings. Closed railway stations assemble more species from pine woods and turf growing on sand as well as weed communities from creal cultivations (Table 5).

15 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Table 3 Percentage participation of geographic-historical group in the flora of the investigated railway stations Procentowy udział grup geograficzno-historycznych we florze badanych stacji kolejowych Geographic- -historical group Grupa geograficzno- -historyczna Kargowa Kopanica Żodyń Powodowo Wolsztyn Tłoki Rostarzewo Rakoniewice Ruchocice Ap Sp Arch Ken D Ap apophytes, Sp spontaneophytes, Arch archaeophytes, Ken kenophytes, D diaphytes. Ap apofity, Sp spontaneofity, Arch archeofity, Ken kenofity, D diafity. Table 4 Percentage participation of life forms groups in the flora of the investigated railway stations Procentowy udział form życiowych we florze badanych stacji kolejowych Life form Forma życiowa Kargowa Kopanica Żodyń Powodowo Wolsztyn Tłoki Rostarzewo Rakoniewice Ruchocice M N Ch H G Hel T M megaphanerophytes, N nanophanerophytes, Ch chamaephytes, H hemikryptophytes, G geophytes, Hel helophytes, T terophytes. M megafanerofity, N nanofanerofity, Ch chamefity, H hemikryptofity, G geofity, Hel helofity, T terofity.

16 152 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna Table 5 Percentage participation of socio-ecological groups in the flora of the investigated railway stations Procentowy udział grup socjologiczno-ekologicznych we florze badanych stacji kolejowych Socio- -ecological group Grupa socjologiczno- -ekologiczna Kargowa Kopanica Żodyń Powodowo Wolsztyn Tłoki Rostarzewo Rakoniewice Ruchocice Fagetalia, Prunetalia, 2 Quercion robori-peraeae, Quercion petraeae, Epilobion, Nardetalia, 3 Sambuco-Salicion, Alliarion, 4 Trifolio-Geranietea, Festuco-Brometea, 5 Dicrano-Pinion, Sedo-Scleranthetea, Corynephoretea, 6 Alnion, Magnocaricion, Caricetalia fuscae, Sphagnion fusci, 7 Salicion, Phragmition, Glycerio-Sparganion, Potamogetonetea, Lemnetea, Utricularietea, 8 Molinietalia, 9 Arrenatheretalia, 10 Plantaginetea, 11 Thero- -Salicornietea, Asteretea tripolium, 12 Bidentetea, Nanocyperion, 13 Arction, 14 Onopordion, 15 Sisymbrion, Eragrostion, 16 Polygono-Chenopodietalia, 17 Aperetalia, 18 Asplenietea, 19 native species or naturalized antropophytes of undetermined phytosociological status and ephemerophytes gatunki o nieokreślonej bliżej przynależności fitosocjologicznej.

17 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Short-lasting species of pioneer ruderal communities, nitrophilous scrub and species of skirt communities appear less frequently on active stations than on the closed ones. Effect of railway station size on the flora On junction station in Wolsztyn, 175 species of vascular plants were found making over 15% more species than on all active stations included in these studies. Among the species found on the station in Wolsztyn, 37 species were not encountered on the area of smaller active and closed stations. They included among others such railway species as Chenopodium strictum, Lappula squarrosa, Salsola kali subsp. ruthenica and Tragopogon orientalis. These species usually occur on railway sidings where reloading of goods takes place. Coefficients of floristic similarity which are similar both on small active stations and on the closed ones (amounting to 50-60%) confirm that the floristic composition of stations depends on the object size. A greater richness of species on the station in Wolsztyn is not connected with a greater richness of families. Species are grouped only in 25 families, whereby the most abundant in species are the same families which dominate on smaller active and closed railway stations. Particularly numerous is the Asteraceae family (39 species) including as many as nine species not encountered anywhere else (among others Galinsoga parviflora, Sonchus oleraceus, Chamomilla recutita and the mentioned earlier Tragopogon orientalis). Similarly, among the representatives of grass family, only here one can find Agrostis capillaris, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli and Festuca arundinacea. On the other hand, noteworthy is the great poverty of Rosaceae family caused by the fact that this family includes mainly phanerophytes and chamaephytes. Spectrum of life forms indicates that therophytes show here a distinctly greater participation. Spectrum of geographic-historical groups indicates that on the junction station, native species have a smaller importance, on the other hand, the participation of archeophytes and kenophytes increases significantly. The railway station in Wolsztyn is poorer in stenothermal species, long-term ruderal communities stenothermal skirt communities and xerothermal turf communities, as well as acid oak forests, luminous oak woods, mixed woods and communities replacing them. A greater participation is shown by species of garden weed communities and field root crop cultivations. Recapitulation Statistical analyses of flora indicate that both observed parameters, i.e. the use of railway stations and the size of the given station exert an effect on the flora, but the size of the object exerts a slightly stronger modifying influence. The size of the station favours the increase of taxonomic riches, however, it does not increase the riches of families where the taxa are grouped, but just to the contrary, the number of families is there exceptionally low. Discontinuation of the object s active use also generates the increase of the species number whereby the number of families remains still high.

18 154 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna In all three types of objects, it was found that apophytes dominated over the other geographic-historical groups. Furthermore, junction stations assemble more kenophytes. One-year old plants are the dominating life form on railway stations. Inventory taking and the comparison of the results with historical data (Table 6) indicate that the majority of species appear on railway stations ephemerally. Comparison of current flora state with historical dates Porównanie stanu obecnego flory z danymi historycznymi Table 6 Species Gatunek Locality Stanowisko Retiring species Gatunki ustępujące Source of historic information Źródło informacji historycznej Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson Wolsztyn B 0 Artemisia austriaca Jacq. Wolsztyn B 0 Bromus squarrosus L. Wolsztyn A 0 Cannabis ruderalis Janisch. Wolsztyn A, B 0 Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Wolsztyn A 0 Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Jusl.) DC. Wolsztyn B 0 Polycnemum arvense L. Wolsztyn B 0 Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser Wolsztyn A 0 Salsola kali L. Wolsztyn A 2 Salsola kali L. Kopanica C 0 Remained species Gatunki trwałe Eragrostis minor Host Wolsztyn B 2 Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. Wolsztyn A 1 Hordeum murinum L. Wolsztyn A 2 Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Wolsztyn B 2 Reseda lutea L. Wolsztyn A, B 2 Sisymbrium altissimum L. Wolsztyn A, B 1 Others Inne Impatiens parviflora DC. Wolsztyn B Source of historic information: A Fabiszewski and Faliński 1963, B Trojnar 1963, C Czekalski Numerical values represent frequency scale used in this study. Źródło informacji historycznej: A Fabiszewski i Faliński 1963, B Trojnar 1963, C Czekalski Wartości liczbowe oznaczają skalę ilościowości przyjętą w niniejszych badaniach.

19 Vascular plants on active and closed railway stations Among others, the following species remain long on active railway tractions: Eragrostis minor, Galeopis angustifolia and Sisymbrium altissimum. Typical for active stations are definitely the following ones: Epilobium ciliatum, Diplotaxis muralis, Chenopodium strictum, Lappula squarrosa, Salsola kali subsp. ruthenica and Tragopogon orientalis, whereby the four latter taxa in the light of our observations accompany bigger railway stations. In turn, particularly durable species which occur on stations even after discontinuation of their use include the following species: Bromus japonicus, Hordeum murinum, Lepidium densiflorum, Senecio viscosus, Sisymbrium loeseli and Reseda lutea. Among rare and interesting species on active railway stations, the following ones were found: Campanula carpatica, Epilobium adnatum, Geranium pyrenaicum, Lathyrus latifolius, Leontodon taraxacoides and Stellaria pallida. To interesting species of closed railway stations, one can include: Allium scorodoprasum, Medicago minima, Poa bulbosa, Potentilla recta and Carex ligerica. The latter was found in Powodowo while it already had been regarded as threatened by extinction in Wielkopolska (Żukowski 1995). References Chmiel J. (1993): Flora roślin naczyniowych wschodniej części Pojezierza Gnieźnieńskiego i jej antropogeniczne przeobrażenia w XIX i XX wieku. Pr. Zakł. Takson. Rośl. UAM 1, 2. Czekalski M. (1979): Spostrzeżenia florystyczne z ziemi wolsztyńskiej. Bad. Fizjogr. Pol. Zach. 31: Ćwikliński E. (1974): Flora i zbiorowiska roślinne terenów kolejowych województwa szczecińskiego. Akad. Roln. w Szczecinie, Rozpr. 40. Fabiszewski J., Faliński B.J. (1963): Rzadsze rośliny synantropijne Wolsztyna i Leszna Wielkopolskiego. Przyr. Pol. Zach : Janowska J. (2002): Flora naczyniowa terenów kolejowych Kalisza. Bad. Fizjogr. Pol. Zach. 51: Kornaś J., Leśniewska J., Skrzywanek A. (1959): Obserwacje nad florą linii kolejowych i dworców kolejowych w Krakowie. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 5, 2: Latowski K. (1972): Rzadziej spotykane rośliny naczyniowe linii kolejowej Poznań-Krzyż- -Kostrzyn n. Odrą. Bad. Fizjogr. Pol. Zach. 25: Latowski K. (1977): Materiały florystyczne z dworców kolejowych Wielkopolski. Bad. Fizjogr. Pol. Zach. 30: Latowski K. (1979): Dalsze materiały florystyczne z terenów kolejowych Wielkopolski. Bad. Fizjogr. Pol. Zach. 32: Mirek Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa H., Zając A., Zając M. (2002): Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A checklist. Vol. 1. Biodiversity of Poland. Krytyczna lista roślin naczyniowych Polski. T. 1. Różnorodność biologiczna Polski. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. Pawłowski B. (1972): Skład i budowa zbiorowisk roślinnych oraz metody ich badania. In: Szata Roślinna Polski. Ed. W. Szafer. Vol. 1. PWN, Warszawa: Sowa R. (1966): Bardziej interesujące gatunki synantropijne występujące na terenach kolejowych województwa łódzkiego. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 12, 1: 3-8. Trojnar B. (1969): Rzadsze rośliny synantropijne Nowej Soli, Sulechowa i Wolsztyna. Bad. Fizjogr. Pol. Zach. 23: Żukowski W., Jackowiak B. (1995): Ginące i zagrożone rośliny naczyniowe Pomorza Zachodniego i Wielkopolski. Pr. Zakł. Takson. Rośl. UAM 3.

20 156 R. Piskorz, A. Czarna FLORA NACZYNIOWA CZYNNYCH I NIECZYNNYCH STACJI KOLEJOWYCH W WOLSZTYNIE I JEGO OKOLICACH Streszczenie Celem pracy było przedstawienie zróżnicowania flory synantropijnej stacji kolejowych i jego związku z użytkowaniem bądź zaprzestaniem użytkowania stacji oraz z jej wielkością. Badania prowadzono na dużej stacji węzłowej w Wolsztynie oraz na czterech czynnych i czterech zamkniętych stacjach położonych w okolicach Wolsztyna. Podczas badań zinwentaryzowano 274 gatunki roślin naczyniowych: 175 gatunków rosło na stacji węzłowej, 198 na czterech stacjach lokalnych zamkniętych, 148 na czterech stacjach lokalnych czynnych. Badania wykazały, że oba badane parametry wpływają na florę stacji kolejowych, przy czym wielkość stacji wpływa silniej. Wiąże się to z dodatkowymi funkcjami, jakie pełni duża stacja (np. przeładunek towarów). W porównaniu z małymi stacjami czynnymi roślinność stacji węzłowej w Wolsztynie odznacza się między innymi większym bogactwem gatunkowym, mniejszym bogactwem rodzin, większym udziałem terofitów, archeofitów i kenofitów. Jej flora wyraźnie się różni od flory zarówno czynnych, jak i zamkniętych stacji. Ciekawymi gatunkami odszukanymi w Wolsztynie są Chenopodium strictum, Lappula squarrosa, Salsola kali subsp. ruthenica oraz Tragopogon orientalis. Zaprzestanie użytkowania stacji kolejowych przyczynia się między innymi do wzrostu bogactwa gatunkowego flory, wzrostu udziału megafanerofitów oraz nieznacznego spadku udziału kenofitów. Istotną rolę w pojawianiu się nowych gatunków odgrywa otoczenie stacji dawne rabaty, pola uprawne. Gatunkami typowymi dla czynnych stacji są Epilobium adenocaulon, Eragrostis minor, Galeopsis angustifolia, Sisymbrium altissimum, Diplotaxis muralis, Chenopodium strictum. Na obszarze zamkniętych stacji długo utrzymują się takie gatunki obszarów kolejowych, jak Bromus japonicus, Hordeum murinum, Lepidium densiflorum, Senecio viscosus, Sisymbrium loeselii i Reseda lutea. Spośród gatunków rzadkich na szczególną uwagę zasługuje Carex ligerica odnaleziony na nieczynnej stacji w Powodowie. Authors address: Renata Piskorz 1, Aneta Czarna 2, Katedra Botaniki, Akademia Rolnicza im. Augusta Cieszkowskiego w Poznaniu, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71 C, Poznań, Poland, reniapis@ au.poznan.pl 1, czarna@au.poznan.pl 2