Światowit Annual of the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw

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2 Editor-in-chief of the publications of the Institute of Archaeology UW: Kazimierz Lewartowski Światowit Annual of the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw Editor: Franciszek M. Stępniowski Managing editor: Andrzej Maciałowicz Editorial Council: Wojciech Nowakowski (Chairman) Elżbieta Jastrzębowska Kazimierz Lewartowski Tadeusz Sarnowski Tomasz Scholl Karol Szymczak All rights reserved 2011 Institute of Archaeology UW ISSN X ISBN Cover design: Joanna Kalita English language consultant: Grzegorz Żabiński Typesetting: Jan Żabko-Potopowicz Printed by: Janusz Bieszczad, Warszawa, ul. Moszczenicka 2 Editorial address: Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, Warsaw

3 Contents Spis treści Fascicle A MEdITErrANEAN ANd NoN-EUroPEAN ArChAEoLoGy Fascykuł A ArChEoLoGIA ŚrÓdZIEMNoMorSKA I PoZAEUroPEJSKA EdITorIAL...7 Studies and Materials Jerzy Żelazowski, Monika Rekowska-Ruszkowska, Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk, Krzysztof Chmielewski, Elżbieta Rosłaniec, Piotr Jaworski, Krzysztof Misiewicz, Kazimierz Lewartowski, George Yacoub, Miron Bogacki, Wiesław Małkowski, Zbigniew Polak PoLISh ArChAEoLoGICAL research IN PToLEMAIS (LIByA) IN PrELIMINAry report (PLS. 1 33)...9 Polskie badania archeologiczne w Ptolemais (Libia) raport wstępny...28 Krzysztof Misiewicz NoN-INvASIvE SUrvEy of ChrISTIAN BASILICAS AT PToLEMAIS GEoPhySICAL ProSPECTIoN (PLS )...31 Nieinwazyjne badania chrześcijańskich bazylik w Ptolemais prospekcja geofizyczna...37 Jakub Kaniszewski NoN-INvASIvE INvESTIGATIoN of ThE WESTErN BASILICA AT PToLEMAIS (PLS )...41 Nieinwazyjne badania Bazyliki Zachodniej w Ptolemais...44 Miron Bogacki, Wiesław Małkowski ToPoGrAPhICAL SUrvEy IN ThE ArEA of TWo ChrISTIAN BUILdINGS outside ThE CITy WALLS of PToLEMAIS (CyrENAICA, LIByA) (PLS )...45 Badania topograficzne w obrębie dwóch budowli chrześcijańskich położonych poza murami Ptolemais (Cyrenajka, Libia)...50 Ewa Wipszycka ThE BASILICAS AT PToLEMAIS: A historian S CoMMENTAry on ThE results of ArChAEoLoGICAL EXPLorATIoN...51 Kościoły w Ptolemais: komentarz historyka do wyników badań archeologicznych...67

4 Тaтяна М. Арсеньева, Томаш Шолль, Марцин Матера, Светлана А. Науменко, Александра Ровиньскa ИсследованИя в Западном городском районе ТанаИса в 2008 г. (раскоп XXv) (PLS )...69 Badania w zachodnim, miejskim rejonie Tanais w 2008 roku (wykop XXv)...85 Тaтяна М. Арсеньева, Томаш Шолль, Марцин Матера, Светлана А. Науменко, Александра Ровиньскa ИсследованИя в Западном городском районе ТанаИса в 2009 г. (раскоп XXv) (PLS )...87 Badania w zachodnim, miejskim rejonie Tanais w 2009 roku (wykop XXv) Arkadiusz Sołtysiak ShorT INTrodUCTIoN To ThE BIoArChAEoLoGICAL STUdIES AT TELL BArrI (PL. 165) Krótkie wprowadzenie do badań bioarcheologicznych na Tell Barri Dariusz Szeląg TWo ovens FroM ThE FIrST half of ThE 3 rd MILLENNIUM BC AT TELL ArBId. EvIdENCE For GrAIN ProCESSING? (PLS ) dwa piece z pierwszej połowy III tys. p.n.e. z Tell Arbid. Instalacje do prażenia ziarna? Nazar Buławka decorative MoTIFS of ThE EArLy IroN AGE (yaz I) PoTTEry IN SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN Motywy dekoracyjne ceramiki wczesnej epoki żelaza (yaz I) w południowym Turkmenistanie Arkadiusz Sołtysiak ThE GATES of dur-šarrukin Bramy dur-szarrukin Agnieszka Tomas reading GENdEr ANd SoCIAL LIFE IN MILITAry SPACES (PLS ) odczytywanie płci i życia społecznego w przestrzeni wojskowej Elżbieta Jastrzębowska NEW TESTAMENT ANGELS IN EArLy ChrISTIAN ArT : origin ANd SoUrCES (PLS ) Anioły z Nowego Testamentu w sztuce wczesnochrześcijańskiej: pochodzenie i źródła Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Arnold Lebeuf PohUALLI A CoMPUTEr SIMULATIoN of MESoAMErICAN CALENdAr SySTEMS Pohualli Komputerowa symulacja mezoamerykańskich kalendarzy...167

5 Chronicle of Excavations Roksana Chowaniec PALAZZoLo ACrEIdE, ANCIENT ACRAE, SICILy, ITALy, (PLS ) Palazzolo Acreide, starożytne Acrae, Sycylia, Włochy, Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, Oleg Â. Savelâ IN ThE heart of A roman ForT IN CrIMEA. EXCAvATIoNS IN BALAKLAvA (SEvASToPoL, UKrAINE). SEASoN (PLS ) Wykopaliska fortu rzymskiego w Bałakławie-Kadykovce (Sewastopol, Ukraina). Sezon Тадеуш Сарновски, Людмила А. Ковалевская сельская округа Херсонеса ТаврИческого (крым). усадьба 343 (PLS ) Wiejskie terytorium Chersonezu Taurydzkiego (Krym). Farma Nr Людмила А. Ковалевская, Тадеуш Сарновски сельская округа Херсонеса ТаврИческого (крым). усадьба 363 (PLS ) Wiejskie terytorium Chersonezu Taurydzkiego (Krym). Farma Nr Tadeusz Sarnowski, Agnieszka Tomas NovAE. ThE roman LEGIoNAry defences. EXCAvATIoNS of 2009 ANd 2010 (PLS ) Novae. Fortyfikacje obozu. Wykopaliska 2009 i 2010 r Tadeusz Sarnowski, Ludmiła A. Kovalevskaja NovAE. headquarters BUILdING of ThE roman LEGIoNAry BASE. EXCAvATIoNS of 2010 (PLS ) Novae. Budowla komendantury w obozie rzymskiego legionu. Wykopaliska 2010 r Martin Lemke FIELdWorK AT NovAE (BULGArIA) IN 2009 ANd 2010 (PLS ) Badania wykopaliskowe w Novae (Bułgaria) w latach Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk, Kazimierz Lewartowski, Krzysztof Misiewicz PToLEMAIS, LIByA, 2010 (PLS ) Ptolemais, Libia,

6 Tomasz Kowal FIELdWorK AT risan, SEASoN (PLS ) Badania w risan, sezon Tomasz Scholl TANAIS EXCAvATIoNS IN 2010 (PLS ) Tanais wykopaliska sezonu Andrzej Niwiński INForMATIoN ABoUT ThE CLIFF MISSIoN AT deir EL-BAhArI, EGyPT, IN 2009 (PLS ) Informacja o pracach Misji Skalnej w deir el-bahari, Egipt, w 2009 r Barbara Kaim ThE FIrST SEASoN of EXCAvATIoN AT GUrUKLy depe, SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN, 2010 (PLS ) Pierwszy sezon wykopalisk na Gurukly depe w południowym Turkmenistanie, 2010 r Marcin Wagner ThE FIrST SEASoN of EXCAvATIoNS AT ToPAZ GALA depe IN ThE SArAKhS oasis, SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN (PLS ) Pierwszy sezon wykopalisk na Topaz Gala depe w oazie Sarakhs w południowym Turkmenistanie PLATES...211

7 ŚWIAToWIT viii (XLIX)/A roksana ChoWANIEC PALAZZOLO ACREiDE, ANCiENT ACRAE, SiCiLY, italy, (PLS ) I n 2009 the team from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw in cooperation with Soprintendenza dei Beni Culturali e Ambientali di Siracusa, began the archaeological investigation at the site of Akrai. This first season lasted from September 28 till october 30. The ancient town of Akrai (Greek κραι, Latin Acrae, Agris, Acrenses) is located to the west of the modern town of Palazzolo Acreide, in south-eastern Sicily, the province of Siracusa. Prof. Aleksander Bursche, Miron Bogacki MA, Marta Fituła MA, Jakub Kaniszewski MA, Wiesław Małkowski MA, Marcin Matera MA, Prof. Krzysztof Misiewicz, Tomasz Więcek MA, Piotr Zakrzewski and eight students of the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw participated in the research. The partnership between the University of Warsaw and Soprintendenza dei Beni Culturali e Ambientali di Siracusa has been initiated by A. Bursche and r. Chowaniec, with the strong support from M. Fituła (member of the Society Sicilia Antica in Noto). The first seasons of research have been possible thanks to the grant of the rectors of the University of Warsaw, Prof. Katarzyna Chałasińska- -Macukow and Prof. Włodzimierz Lengauer, as well as private sponsors. Akrai was founded in 664/663 BC, on Acremonte, one of the hilltops of the hyblean Mountains, 770 m a.s.l., located between the rivers: Anapo (Anapus) and Tellaro (Helorus). The town developed mostly during the 3 rd c. BC. Later, after the conquest of Sicily by the romans in 241 BC, the foundation of the first province in 227 BC, and the defeat of hiero II and the fall of the kingdom of Syracuse in 211 BC, Acrae is counted on the list of stipendiariae civitates. This suggests that the town was inhabited and functioned in the new roman political situation. The archaeological site was discovered in 1558 and research has taken place there since the 1 st half of the 19 th c. In 2009, the University of Warsaw carried out the first series of non-destructive fieldwork: measurements with the use of the Total Station and GPS rtk systems, a master topographic map of the site, aerial photography, geophysical survey, photographic documentation and measurements to create 3d models and analyses of satellite images. Based on these data it was possible to create a numerical model/geospatial base of the archaeological site. Planigraphic documentation was prepared in several stages. Archaeological squares were laid out and a grid was created to record archaeological plans and sections. Next, visible features and structures were documented. Moreover, a GPS rtk was used to create the master topographic map of the site and its surrounding area. The use of this equipment allowed to correlate measurements with the aerial photographs and satellite photography, and thus made it easier to interpret measurements, compare the surfaces of buildings, the angles and distances between archaeological structures (MAłKoWSKI 2008: ). The second step was to take a series of kite photos. The result of this work was a sequence of vertical and oblique photographs, which were calibrated through the so-called photo-points, and then transformed into 3d models of the terrain of the site and visible archaeological relics (BoGACKI, MAłKoWSKI, MISIEWICZ 2008: ) (Fig. 1). The most important point was the geophysical survey, made in the area of c. 3.5 ha in the central part of 1 For the complete history of the town and the history of researches see: ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICZ

8 roksana ChoWANIEC the plateau (Fig. 2). The whole area of investigation was divided by former field frontiers (marked by walls of stones), in most cases overgrown by natural hedges. In the eastern and central parts of the explored area traces of previous archaeological trenches were visible (also with remains of architecture). Unfortunately, during the survey period, part of the area was under tall vegetation which disturbed the proper work of magnetometers. Finally, during the geophysical survey numerous ancient structures were registered (ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICZ 2010). The collected data from all kinds of mentioned research were used as input to create a 3d visualisation of the site dtm (digital Terrain Model) containing maps, photographs and databases with information about the structures and their chronological phases (BoGACKI, MAłKoWSKI, MISIEWICZ 2008: ). The numerical model is a set of data, which has been calibrated and properly interlinked. This allows to analyse the collected data at different levels and helps to interpret them. Also a preliminary 3d reconstruction of the theatre at Akrai has been done. Traditional methods of reconstruction (drawings, plans, models) give a possibility to present only a general, artistic view of a building. on the other hand, 3d techniques give an opportunity to present different variants of reconstruction of ancient architecture. This is an important technical aspect of interpretation of archaeological and architectural evidence (for more information cf. ChoWANIEC, MAłKoWSKI, MISIEWICZ 2010). It is well known that in the Greek period the town of Akrai fulfilled political and commercial functions, and protected the access to Syracuse and to the south-eastern part of the island as well. The archaeological evidence which confirms the functioning of Acrae during the time of the roman republic and the roman Empire is limited. To improve the information about the town in these periods, in october 2010 a field survey in the territory of the town of Acrae, between the Anapo, Tellaro and Cassibille rivers was done (Fig. 3). This research was aimed at locating new archaeological sites in territorio acrense. The range of the survey became much wider than only the urban and rural territory of Akrai (so called Greek χώρα). A complete survey of this territory should help answer questions related to the chora of Akrai, as well to describe the relations of this ancient town with other settlements in the region. during the survey 48 new archaeological sites were located. New sites were marked on the satellite map of this region with the use of GPS. Preliminary dating of pottery finds allowed to date eleven of them to the 1st c. BC the 1 st c. Ad, the next eight to the 1 st the 3 rd c. Ad and eight to the late roman period. other sites could be dated to the hellenistic period or to medieval and modern times. dr roksana Chowaniec Institute of Archaeology University of Warsaw roksanac@yahoo.com Bibliography BoGACKI, M., MAłKoWSKI, W., MISIEWICZ, K Kite Aerial Photography (KAP) as a tool for completing GIS models. Ptolemais (Libya) case study, (in:) r. Lasaponara, N. Masini (eds.), Advances in Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Management, Proceedings of I st International EARSeL Workshop, Rome 30 September 4 October, 2008, roma, ChoWANIEC, r., MISIEWICZ, K Akrai, Sicily. Non-destructive Researches in Season 2009, Archeologia (Warsaw) LIX (2008), ChoWANIEC, r., MAłKoWSKI, W., MISIEWICZ, K Acrae antica alla luce di indagini non invasive, Journal of Ancient Topography rivista di Topografia Antica XIX (2009), MAłKoWSKI, W Listing Archaeological Sites with a Total Station Tachometer. Data Processing Opportunities for Surveyed Sites, Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean XvIII (2006),

9 PALAZZoLo ACrEIdE, ANCIENT ACrAE, SICILy, ITALy, 2009 roksana ChoWANIEC Palazzolo acreide, starożytne ACRAE, sycylia, Włochy, W 2009 roku ekspedycja Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego rozpoczęła pierwsze, wstępne badania na stanowisku archeologicznym Akrai (obecnie Palazzolo Acreide, prov. Siracusa), na Sycylii. W trakcie sezonu przeprowadzono wstępne badania nieinwazyjne (m.in. pomiary total station oraz GPS rtk, fotografia lotnicza, badania geofizyczne). Zebrane dane posłużyły do stworzenia wielowarstwowej mapy numerycznej stanowiska, która może być uzupełniana na bieżąco. W 2010 roku przeprowadzono badania powierzchniowe na obszarze pomiędzy dolinami rzek Anapo, Tellaro and Cassibille. Efektem prac było odkrycie 48 nowych stanowisk archeologicznych, dokładne namierzenie ich za pomocą GPS oraz zaznaczenie na mapie satelitarnej regionu. 171

10 roksana ChoWANIEC PLATE 186 Fig. 1. 3d model of archaeological relics and topography (by M. Bogacki). ryc. 1. Trójwymiarowy model terenu i pozostałości archeologicznych.

11 roksana ChoWANIEC PLATE 187 Fig. 2. Geophysical survey (Photo J. Kaniszewski). ryc. 2. Badania geofizyczne. Fig. 3. Field survey in 2010 (Photo K. Belicki). ryc. 3. Badania powierzchniowe w 2010 r.