% 7YVZI] SJ (MWXVMFYXIH +EVFEKI 'SPPIGXMSR 8IGLRMUYIW

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1 !!!! % YVZI] SJ (MWXVMFYXIH +EVFEKI 'SPPIGXMSR 8IGLRMUYIW &VSEHGEWX 8IGLRMGEP 6ITSVX 12 3GXSFIV (EZMH 4PEMRJSWWq 1EVG LETMVS -26-% 4VSNIX 362 &4 16 6SUYIRGSYVX2 BC6D 0I 'LIWRE] 'IHI\2 *VERGI IQEMPK (EZMHN4PEMRJSWWq$MRVMENJV ;I TVIWIRX XLI WTIGXVYQ SJ HMWXVMFYXIH KEVFEKI GSPPIGXMSR XIGLRMUYIW5 ;I Á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ÁIW XLI TVSKVEQQMRK QSHIP2 XLIVIJSVI JVIIMRK ZEPYEFPI TVSKVEQQIV XMQI2 [LMPI EZSMHMRK FYKW ERH QIQSV] PIEOW [LMGL EVI RSXSVMSYWP] LEVH XS XVEGO ERH VITEMVN %W ER] '?/IVRMKLER ERH 6MXGLMI2 8BCA SV ']]?XVSYWXVYT2 88A TVSKVEQQIV GER [MXRIWW2 XLI QERYEP QEREKIQIRX SJ E H]REQMG LIET MW GSQTPI\ ERH IVVSVSTVSRIN -J XLI LIET MW WLEVIH F] QER] ETTPMGEXMSRW [VMXXIR F] HMJJIVIRX TVSKVEQQIVW2 MJ MX MW EGGIWWIH MR TEVEPPIP2 MJ MX EPWS MRGPYHIW HMWO WXSVEKI ^EW MR TIVWMWXIRX SFNIGX W]WXIQW_ ERH HMWXVMFYXIH EGGIWW ^EW MR HMWXVMFYXIH W]WXIQW_2 XLIR QERYEP VIWSYVGI QEREKIQIRX MW WMQTP] SYX SJ XLI UYIWXMSRN +EVFEKI GSPPIGXMSR LEW VIGIRXP] FIGSQI SJ MRGVIEWMRK MRXIVIWX MR HMWXVMFYXIH W]WXIQW?0ERK IX EP ,YKLIW2 8C6AN 8LI QSXMZEXMSRW JSV WYGL E WIVZMGI EVI RYQIVSYWN *MVWX2 XVERWTEVIRG]K.YWX EW QSHIVR HMWXVMFYXIH W]WXIQW WYTTSVX XVERWTEVIRX2 YRMJSVQ TPEGIQIRX ERH MRZSGEXMSR SJ FSXL PSGEP ERH VIQSXI SFNIGXW?LETMVS IX EP52 885A2 WS WLSYPH XLI] EPWS WYTTSVX XVERWTEVIRX SFNIGX QEREKIS QIRX2 MRGPYHMRK VIGPEQEXMSRN IGSRH2 WXSVEKI QEREKIQIRX MW E GSQTPI\ XEWO2 RSX XS FI LERHPIH F] YWIVWN (MWXVMFYXIH KEVFEKI GSPPIGXMSR MW IZIR LEVHIV XLER PSGEP KEVFEKI GSPPIGXMSR FIGEYWI XLI PSGEP GSPPIGXSVW QYWX FI GSSVHMREXIH2 XS GSRWMWXIRXP] OIIT XVEGO SJ GLERKMRK VIJIVIRGIW FIX[IIR EHHVIWW WTEGIWN 8LMW GSRWMWXIRG] TVSFPIQ MW JYVXLIV GSQTPMGEXIH F] XLI GSQQSR JEMPYVIW SJ HMWXVMFYXIH W]WXIQW WYGL EW PSWX2 HYTPMGEXIH2 SV PEXI QIWWEKIW2 ERH GVEWLIW SJ MRHMZMHYEP WTEGIWN 8LMW 4ETIV MW E VIZMWIH ERH I\XIRHIH ZIVWMSR SJ (EZMH 4PEMRJSWWq W VIPEXIH [SVO GLETXIV 8LIWMWN %YXLSV W RI[ EJÁPMEXMSRK -03+ N%N2 &4 C62 5 EZ +EPPMqRM 8956D +IRXMPP] 'IHI\2 *VERGIN IQEMPK (EZMHN4PEMRJSWWq$MPSKNJV

2 (MWXVMFYXIH KEVFEKI GSPPIGXMSR TSWIW E GLEPPIRKMRK TVSFPIQK VIGPEMQMRK EPP OMRH SJ HEXE WXVYGXYVIW [LMPI EGLMIZMRK IJÁGMIRG]2 WGEPEFMPMX] ERH JEYPXS XSPIVERGIN % RYQFIV SJ TVSTSWEPW LEZI EXXIQTXIH XS HIWMKR E HMWXVMFYXIH +' XLEX JYPÁPPW EPP XLIWI VIUYMVIQIRXWN 8LI KVIEX RYQFIV SJ MRGSQTPIXI TVSTSWEPW VIÂIGXW LS[ HMJÁGYPX XLI GLEPPIRKI MWN 1SWX XIGLRMUYIW SRP] EHHVIWWI TEVX SJ XLI MWWYIWN 8LI OI] VIEWSR MW XLEX EHETXMRK YRMTVSGIWWSV EPKSVMXLQW XS E HMWXVMFYXIH IRZMVSRQIRX MW RSX WXVEMKLXS JSV[EVHN 8VEGMRK VIUYMVIW GSWXP] XIVQMREXMSR QIGLERMWQW2 [LIVIEW VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK MW HIJIEXIH F] GSQQSR QIWWEKI JEMPYVIWN 8LMW TETIV MW SVKERMWIH EW JSPPS[WN IGXMSR 5 HIWGVMFIW XLI VIJIVIRGI GSYRXS FEWIH ETTVSEGLN -R TEVXMGYPEV2 [I GSQTEVI XLSWI XIGLRMUYIW EGGSVHMRK XS XLIMV VIWMPMIRGI XS QIWWEKI JEMPYVIWN YGL GSYRXMRKSFEWIH XIGLRMUYIW EVI YREFPI XS GSPPIGX G]GPIW SJ KEVFEKI ERH QYWX EWWYQI XLEX XLI] EVI VEVI IRSYKL XS QMRMQM^I QIQSV] PIEOEKIN % RYQFIV SJ L]FVMH TVSTSWEPW EW I\TPEMRIH MR 9 [LMGL GSQFMRI GSYRXMRKSFEWIH XIGLRMUYIW [MXL E KPSFEP ^XVEGMRKSFEWIH_ XIGLRMUYIN IGXMSR ^I\TPEMRIH MR IGXMSR 6_ WYVZI]W WSQI IRLERGIH XIGLRMUYIW [IPP WYMXIH XS HMWXVMFYXIH WIXXMRKWN IGXMSR ^I\TPEMRIH MR IGXMSR e_ WYQW YT SYV GSRGPYWMSRW ERH TVSTSWIW XE\SRSQ] SJ XLI VIZMI[IH XIGLRMUYIWN >@> 1SHIP NN TEGIW ;I GSRWMHIV E HMWXVMFYXIH W]WXIQ TEVXMXMSRIH MRXS HMWNSMRX WTEGIWN ;I YWI XLI EFWXVEGX XIVQ µwtegi XS EZSMH GSQQMXXMRK XS E TEVXMGYPEV MQTPIQIRXEXMSRN *SV MRWXERGI2 EX XLI PS[IWX PIZIP E WTEGIW EVI EHHVIWW WTEGIW2 XLI WGSTI SJ WTEGI REQIW FIMRK XLI TVSGIWWSVh EX XLI RI\X PIZIP YT2 IEGL TVSGIWWSV ERH IEGL HMWO TEVXMXMSR MW E WTEGI2 ERH XLI WGSTI MW XLI PSGEP RIXh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h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ÁG XS E TEVXMGYPEV SFNIGXK XLI S[RIV SJ ER SFNIGX QE] [IPP FI XLI GPMIRX SJ ERSXLIV SRIN 'PMIRXW ERH S[RIV SJ ER SFNIGX VYR MR HMJJIVIRX EHHVIWW WTEGIW SR XLI WEQI QEGLMRI SV SR HMJJIVIRX QEGLMRIW2 ERH GSQQYRMGEXI WSPIP] F] QIWWEKI TEWWMRKN >@A 3TIVEXMSRW SR 6IJIVIRGIW %W E VIWYPX SJ TVSKVEQ EGXMZMX]2 XLI HMWXVMFYXIH VIJIVIRGI KVETL GLERKIW H]REQS MGEPP]N,IVI MW XLI PMWX SJ ZEPMH STIVEXMSRW SR VIJIVIRGIWK N 6IJIVIRGI GVIEXMSRK ER S[RIV WTEGI WIRHW XS E VIGIMZIV WTEGI E VIJIVIRGI XS ER SFNIGXN 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLI QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK XLEX VIJIVIRGI2 XLI VIGIMZIV WTEGI FIGSQIW E GPMIRX SJ XLI VIQSXI TYFPMG SFNIGXN -J XLI SFS NIGX [EW PSGEP MX FIGSQIW TYFPMGN % VIJIVIRGI GVIEXMSR MW RSX ER YRMUYI STIVEXMSRN -R SXLIV [SVHW2 E VIJIVIRGI GVIEXMSR QE] MRZSPZI ER EPVIEH] TYFPMG SFNIGXN 3FNIGX EPPSGEXMSR ERH VIJIVIRGI GVIEXMSR EVI MRHITIRHIRX STIVEXMSRWN *MKYVI MPPYWXVEXIW GVIEXMSR SJ E VIJIVIRGI XS E PSGEP SFNIGX 2 S[RIH F] WTEGI N 9TSR WIRHMRK XLI QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK XLEX VIJIVIRGI2 WTEGI GVIEXIW E PSGEP WGMSR XS TVIZIRX JVSQ FIMRK VIGPEMQIHN 9TSR VIGITXMSR SJ XLI QIWWEKI2 WTEGI MRWXEPPW E WXYF MRMXMEPMWIH [MXL XLI PSGEXSV JSYRH MR XLI QIWWEKIN 5N 6IJIVIRGI HYTPMGEXMSRK E WIRHIV WTEGI2 GPMIRX SJ E VIQSXI TYFPMG SFNIGX2 WIRHW XS E VIGIMZIV WTEGI E VIJIVIRGI XS XLEX SFNIGXN 8LI VIGIMZIV WTEGI FIGSQIW GPMIRX SJ XLI ^VIQSXI_ TYFPMG SFNIGX [LIR MX LEW TVSGIWWIH XLI QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK XLEX VIJIVIRGIN -R GSRXVEWX XS VIJIVIRGI GVIEXMSR2 XLI S[RIV ^WTEGI_ MW RSX MRZSPZIH MR XLI VIJIVIRGI HYTPMGEXMSR ERH XLIVIJSVI MW RSX E[EVI SJ MXN *MKYVI 5 MPPYWXVEXIW XLI HYTPMGEXMSR SJ E VIJIVIRGI XS TYFPMG SFNIGX 2 FIX[IIR WTEGIW ERH N 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLI QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK XLEX VIJIVIRGI2 XLI VIGIMZIV WTEGI MRWXEPPW E WXYF MRMXMEPMWIH [MXL XLI PSGEXSV XS WGMSR JSYRH MR XLI QIWWEKIN DN 6IJIVIRGI HIPIXMSRh PSGEPP] E GPMIRX WTEGI HIPIXIW E VIJIVIRGI MX S[RWN 8LMW STIVEXMSR GER FI QERYEP SV EYXSQEXMGN 9WYEPP]2 XLI PSGEP WXYF TEVX SJ XLEX VIJIVIRGI MW EYXSQEXMGEPP] GSPPIGXIH F] PSGEP KEVFEKI GSPPIGXSVN 6IJIVIRGI HIPIXMSR QE] TSXIRXMEPP] PIEHW XS GVIEXI KEVFEKIN 8LMW XLI V PI SJ XLI HMWXVMFYXIH KEVFEKI GSPPIGXSV XS SGGEWMSREPP] MRJSVQ XLI S[RIV [LMGL TYFPMG SFNIGXW EVI RS QSVI VIQSXIP] VIJIVIRGIHN *MKYVI D MPPYWXVEXIW XLI HIPIXMSR SJ XLI VIJIVIRGI MR XS TYFPMG SFNIGX PSGEXIH SR WTEGI N *MVWX2 WTEGI HIPIXIW MXW PSGEP WXYF ERH EJXIV[EVHW WIRHW E QIWWEKI XS S[RIV WTEGI N 9TSR TVSGIWWMRK XLEX QIWWEKI2 VIGPEMQW XLI KEVFEKI WGMSR N %JXIV[EVHW2 XVMKKIVW E PSGEP +' ERH VIGPEMQW SFNIGX N D

4 VIGIMZIV S[RIV VIGIMZIV S[RIV $ ^M_ WIRHW $ XS ERH GVIEXIW WGMSR ^MM_ GVIEXIW WXYF VIJIVVMRK XS WGMSR SFNIGX WXYF remote reference QYXEXSV QIWWEKI scion PSGEP VSSX PSGEP TSMRXIV *MKYVI >@ 6IQSXI VIJIVIRGI GVIEXMSR@ WIRHIV S[RIV VIGIMZIV WIRHIV S[RIV VIGIMZIV $ ^M_ HYTPMGEXIW VIJIVIRGI $ XS ' ^MM_ VIGIMZIW VIJIVIRGI $ ERH MRWXEPPW WXYF *MKYVI A@ 6IQSXI VIJIVIRGI HYTPMGEXMSR@ 9

5 S[RIV WIRHIV S[RIV WIRHIV ^M_ HIPIXIW ERH WIRHW HIPIXI XS ^MM_ VIGPEMQW ERH PSGEP +' VIGPEMQW PSGEP +' GSRXVSP QIWWEKI SFNIGX HIPIXMSR *MKYVI 6IQSXI VIJIVIRGI A 8IGLRMUYIW &EWIH SR (MWXVMFYXIH 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK ;I RS[ PSSO EX XLI TVSFPIQW SJ VIJIVIRGISGSYRXMRK HMWXVMFYXIH +' ERH WSQI WSPYXMSRW JSYRH MR XLI PMXIVEXYVIN 'SQTEVIH XS YRMTVSGIWWSV +'2 RI[ TVSFPIQW ETTIEV FIGEYWI XLI YRMZIVWI MW TEVXMXMSRIH MRXS WITEVEXI WTEGIW GSQQYRMGEXMRK XLVSYKL QIWWEKIWN -J QIWWEKIW EVI RSX HIPMZIVIH VIPMEFP] MR XLIMV GEYWEP SVHIV XLIR QEMRXEMRMRK XLI VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK MRZEVMERX MW TVSFPIQEXMG EW I\TPEMRIH MR IGXMSR 5NN 8LI (MWXVMFYXIH 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK 4VSFPIQ 8LI RExZI I\XIRWMSR SJ VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK XS HMWXVMFYXIH W]WXIQW OIITW E VIJS IVIRGI GSYRX [MXL IEGL TYFPMG SFNIGXN 8LI GSVVIWTSRHMRK WGMSR GSRXEMRW XLEX VIJIVIRGI GSYRX2 [LMGL MW YTHEXIH SR IEGL VIJIVIRGI HYTPMGEXMSR SV GVIEXMSRN 9TSR HYTPMGEXMSR SV HIPIXMSR SJ E VIJIVIRGI2 E GPMIRX WTEGI MRJSVQW XLI S[RIV W WGMSR XS YTHEXI XLI GSYRXIV2 F] WIRHMRK ER I\XVE GSRXVSP QIWWEKI XS XLI S[RIVN IRHMRK E GSRXVSP QIWWEKI YTSR IEGL VIJIVIRGI STIVEXMSR MRGVIEWIW GSQS QYRMGEXMSR SZIVLIEH WMKRMÁGERXP]N *YVXLIVQSVI2 XLSWI GSRXVSP QIWWEKIW QYWX FI HIPMZIVIH VIPMEFP]2 [MXLSYX PSWW SV HYTPMGEXMSR XS TVIWIVZI XLI VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK MRZEVMERXN *MREPP]2 GSRXVSP QIWWEKIW WLSYPH FI HIPMZIVIH XS XLIMV HIWXMREXMSRW MR GEYWEP SVHIV ^EW HIÁRIH F] 0EQTSVX?8BCA_ XS TVIZIRX VEGI GSRHMXMSRWN *MKYVIW 9 ERH 6 WLS[ X[S I\EQTPIW SJ WYGL VEGI GSRHMXMSRW FIX[IIR MRGVIS QIRX ERH HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKIWN *MKYVI 9 WOIXGLIW E HIGVIQIRXmMRGVIQIRX VEGI2 ERH *MKYVI 6 ER MRGVIQIRXmHIGVIQIRX VEGIN 8LI JSVQIV GER LETTIR [LIR XLI VIGIMZIV SJ E VIJIVIRGI MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV WIRHMRK XLI GSRXVSP QIWWEKI2 [LIVIEW XLI PEXXIV GER SGGYV [LIR WIRHMRK XLI GSRXVSP QIWWEKI MW XLI XLI WIRHIV W VIS WTSRWMFMPMX]N 8LI HIGVIQIRXmMRGVIQIRX VEGI GER SGGYV [LIR E WIRHIV WTEGI HYTPMGEXIW E VIJIVIRGI ERH HIPIXIW MX MQQIHMEXIP] EJXIVN *SV MRWXERGI2 MR *MKYVI 92 WTEGI 6

6 $ $ S ] S ] ^M_ HIGVIQIRXmMRGVIQIRX VEGI GSRHMXMSR ^MM_ HIGVIQIRXmMRGVIQIRX VEGI WYTTVIWWMSR object scion stub QIWWEKI mutator message local root local pointer object deletion *MKYVI H@ 6EGI GSRHMXMSRW FIX[IIR HIGVIQIRX ERH MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKIW@ LSPHW E VIJIVIRGI XS SFNIGX PSGEXIH MR WTEGI N TEGI WIRHW XLEX VIJIVIRGI $ 2 XS ERH MQQIHMEXIP] HIPIXIW MXW S[R TSMRXIV XS N 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLI QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK XLI VIJIVIRGI $ 2 WTEGI MRWXEPPW MX ERH GSRWIUYIRXP] WIRHW ER MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKI XS N 9TSR HIPIXMRK MXW S[R VIJIVIRGI XS 2 WTEGI WIRHW HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKI XS N -J XLI HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKI JVSQ WTEGI EVVMZIW XS FIJSVI XLI MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKI JVSQ 2 XLIR XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK GSYRXIV SJ WXYF WXYF [MPP HVST XS ^IVSN MRGI XLI SFNIGX MW RSX VIEGLEFPI JVSQ XLI PSGEP VSSX 2 XLIR XLI SFNIGX [MPP FI VIGPEMQIH TVIQEXYVIP]N 8LI MRGVIQIRXmHIGVIQIRX VEGI GER XEOI TPEGI [LIR E WIRHIV WIRHW E VIJS IVIRGI XS E VIGIMZIV XLEX MQQIHMEXIP] HIPIXIW MXN -R *MKYVI 62 WTEGI WIRHW E VIJIVIRGI $ XS WTEGI ERH GSRWIUYIRXP] ER MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKI XS WTEGI N 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLI QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK XLI VIJIVIRGI $ 2 XLI XEVKIX WTEGI HSIW RSX MRWXEPP MX ERH XLIVIJSVI WIRHW E HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKI XS N -J XLEX HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKI EVVMZIW ÁVWX EX XLIR XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK GSYRXIV HVSTW XS ^IVS GEYWMRK XLI YRWEJI VIGPEQEXMSR SJ SFNIGX N 3RI [E] XS WYTTVIWW XLSWI TSXIRXMEP VEGI GSRHMXMSRW MW XS EGORS[PIHKI IEGL MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKI FIJSVI WIRHMRK E VIJIVIRGIN *SV MRWXERGI2 MR *MKYVI 6S ^MM_2 XLI MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKI MW ÁVWX WIRX XS S[RIV WTEGI N 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLMW MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKI2 WTEGI YTHEXIW XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK ERH XLIR WIRHW FEGO ER EGORS[PIHKIQIRX QIWWEKI XS WTEGI N TEGI [EMXW JSV XLMW QIWWEKI FIJSVI WIRHMRK XLI VIJIVIRGI $ XS N 8LI QIWWEKI EGORS[PIHKIW XLEX XLI MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKI LEW FIIR VIGIMZIH ERH GSQTYXIH SR WTEGI N 8LIVIJSVI2 XLMW ÁVWX MRGVIQIRX QIWWEKI WIRH GERRSX FI MRZSPZIH MR E VEGI [MXL ER] WYFWIUYIRX HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKI JVSQ WTEGI N -R WTMXI SJ EGORS[PIHKIH QIWWEKIW2 XLI RExZI I\XIRWMSR SJ VIJIVIRGI GSYRXS MRK MW WXMPP RSX VIWMPMIRX XS QIWWEKI JEMPYVIW FIGEYWI MRGVIQIRX ERH HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKIW EVI RSX MHIQTSXIRXN 6EGI GSRHMXMSRW GER FI IPMQMREXIH XLEROW XS EGORS[PIHKIQIRX QIWWEKIW EX XLI I\TIRWI SJ E WMKRMÁGERX SZIVLIEH MR QIWS e

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8 'SRZIVWIP]2 ER SFNIGX FIGSQIW PSGEP EKMER ^M5I5 MX MW YRVIEGLEFPI JVSQ ER] VIQSXI WTEGI_ [LIR XLI XSXEP [IMKLX ERH XLI TEVXMEP [IMKLX GSRXEMRIH MR E WMRKPI WGMSR EVI IUYEPN *MKYVI e VITVIWIRXW E TYFPMG SFNIGX PSGEXIH SR WTEGI N *MKYVI es^m_ MPPYWXVEXIW WIRHMRK E VIJIVIRGI $ XS WTEGI N 8LI GSVVIWTSRHMRK WGMSR MW MRMXMEPMWIH [MXL E XSXEP [IMKLX IUYEP XS e9n 8LMW XSXEP [IMKLX MW LEPZIH ERH SRI LEPJ MW WXSVIH MR XLI WGMSR ERH VIQEMRHIV LEPJ MW WIRX EPSRK [MXL QIWWEKIN 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLI QIWWEKI E RI[ WXYF MW GVIEXIH ERH MRMXMEPMWIH [MXL XLI [IMKLX JSYRH MR XLI QIWWEKI2 M5I5 D5N *MKYVI es^mm_ MPPYWXVEXIW HYTPMGEXMSR SJ E VIJIVIRGI XS FIX[IIR WTEGIW ERH N 9TSR WIRHMRK XLI VIJIVIRGI2 XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK WXYFW [IMKLX MW LEPZIH2 HS[R XS e2 ERH XLI SXLIV LEPJ MW WIRX EPSRK [MXL XLI QIWWEKIN 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLI QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK $ 2 WTEGI MRWXEPPW E WXYF [MXL E TEVXMEP [IMKLX MRMXMEPMWIH XS en *MKYVI es^mmm_ WLS[W XLI HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKI WIRX XS WTEGI [LIR E WXYF MW HMWGEVHIH SR WTEGI N 8LI HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKI GSRXEMRW XLI TEVXMEP [IMKLX JSYRH MR XLI HMWGEVHIH WXYF2 M5I5 en 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLEX HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKI XLI TEVXMEP [IMKLX JSYRH MR XLI QIWWEKI MW YWIH XS HIGVIEWI XLI XSXEP [IMKLX WXSVIH MR XLI WGMSRN -R ÁKYVIW es ^MMM_2 XLI XSXEP [IMKLX MW IUYEP XS 5C EJXIV FIMRK HVIGVIEWIH F] en *MKYVI BS^MZ_ WLS[W XLI WXEXI SJ XLI TEVXMEP [IMKLX ERH XSXEP [IMKLX EJXIV XLI PEWX VIJIVIRGI XS LEW FIIR HMWGEVHIHN 2SXMGI XLEX XLI TEVXMEP [IMKLX ERH XSXEP [IMKLX EVI RS[ IUYEP ERH SFNIGX MW RS[ KEVFEKIN &IZER?8CBA TVSTSWIW XS YWI TEVXMEP [IMKLXW XLEX EVI TS[IVW SJ X[S2 MR SVHIV XS WXSVI SRP] XLI I\TSRIRX MR WXYFWN *SV MRWXERGI2 MJ EPP MRMXMEP [IMKLXW EVI 5C2 XLIR SRP] D FMXW EVI RIGIWWEV] XS WXSVI TEVXMEP [IMKLXWN 8SXEP [IMKLXW VIS QEMR MR WXERHEVH FMREV] VITVIWIRXEXMSR MR SVHIV XS WYTTSVX EVFMXVEV] HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKIWN ^E_ A@F LSVXGSQMRKW SJ ;IMKLXIH 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK 8LI QEMR HVE[FEGO SJ ;IMKLXIH 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK MW XLEX ER MRMXMEP [IMKLX SJ 5 GER SRP] FI HYTPMGEXIH XMQIW FIJSVI MX JEPPW XS 5 1 ERH GERRSX FI WTPMX ER] JYVXLIVN IZIVEP XIGLRMUYIW LEZI FIIR TVSTSWIH XS SZIVGSQI XLMW TVSFPIQN % XVMZS MEP WSPYXMSR GSRWMWXW MR EHHMRK E WEQI EQSYRX XS XLI XSXEP [IMKLX ERH XLI TEVXMEP [IMKLXN 8LMW [E]2 E WIRHIV WIRHW E GSRXVSP QIWWEKI XS XLI S[RIV WTEGI GSRXEMRMRK XLEX EQSYRXN 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLMW QIWWEKI XLI S[RIV EHHW MXW EQSYRX XS XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK XSXEP [IMKLX ERH EGORS[PIHKIW XLI GSRXVSP QIWWEKI2 [LMGL EPPS[W XLI WIRHIV XS MRGVIEWI MXW TEVXMEP [IMKLX F] XLI WEQI EQSYRXN %RSXLIV WSPYXMSR2 WYKKIWXIH F] ;EXWSR ERH ;EXWSR?8CBA EZSMHW XLI GSRS XVSP QIWWEKI F] GVIEXMRK ER MRHMVIGX WGMSR MR XLI WIRHIV WTEGIN 8LMW EPPS[W XS PSGEPP] HYTPMGEXI RI[ VIJIVIRGIW [MXL E TEVXMEP [IMKLX XLEX QEXGLIW XLI MRHMVIGX WGMSR W XSXEP [IMKLXN YGL VIJIVIRGIW HS RSX VIJIV HMVIGXP] XLI SFNIGX FYX XS XLI MRHMVIGX WGMSRN *MKYVI B WLS[W WYGL E WMXYEXMSR2 [LIVI XLI TEVXMEP [IMKLX SR WTEGI LEW HVSTTIH XS SRIN -R SVHIV XS HYTPMGEXI E VIJIVIRGI XS FIX[IIR WTEGIW ERH 2 ER MRHMVIGX WGMSR MW GVIEXIH SR WTEGI 2 MRMXMEPMWIH XS E XSXEP [IMKLX SJ e9n 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLI VIJIVIRGI E WXYF SR WTEGI MW EPPSGEXIH ERH MRMXMEPMWIH XS VIJIV MRHMVIGXP] XS SFNIGX XLVSYKL WTEGI N,IRGI2 IEGL EGGIWW XS JVSQ [MPP RIGIWWMXEXI X[S LSTW2 HSYFPMRK XLI RYQFIV SJ QIWWEKIW WIRXN *YVXLIVQSVI2 ER] JEMPYVI SJ WTEGI [MPP TVIZIRX EGGIWW XS SFNIGX JVSQ WTEGI N C

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h EW I\TPEMRIH JSV ;IMKLX 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK2 XLMW EZSMHW VEGI GSRHMXMSRWN 9TSR ÁVWX HYTPMGEXMSR SJ E VIQSXI VIJIVIRGI E RI[ WGMSR MW GVIEXIH [MXL E GSYRXIV MRMXMEPMWIH XS SRIN *YVXLIV HYTPMGEXMSR MRGVIQIRXW XLI GSYRXIV EWWSGMEXIH [MXL XLI WXYFN 8LMW WXYF MW GSRRIGXIH XS XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK WGMSR [LMGL VIJIVW XS XLI XEVKIX SFNIGXN 8LI [IEO PSGEXMSR JSYRH MR XLEX WXYF MW WIRX EPSRK [MXL XLI QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK XLI VIJIVIRGIN 9TSR VIGIMZMRK XLMW QIWWEKI2 XLI WTEGI EPPSGEXIW E WXYF ERH MRMXMEPMWIH MX [MXL XLI WXVSRK ERH XLI [IEO PSGES XSV JSYRH MR XLI QIWWEKIN *MKYVI C MPPYWXVEXIW HYTPMGEXMSR SJ XLI VIJIVIRGI $ FIX[IIR WTEGI ERH N $ m WXVSRK PSGEXSV [IEO PSGEXSV PSGEP TSMRXIV QYXEXSV QIWWEKI *MKYVI N@ 6IJIVIRGI HYTPMGEXMSR MR -RHMVIGX 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK@ 8LI HYTPMGEXMSR TVSXSGSP QMKLX GVIEXI ER MRHMVIGX VIJIVIRGI XLEX PSSTW FEGO XS E WTEGI [LIVI XLI SFNIGX MW PSGEXIH ^WII IGXMSR 9N5_N 8LMW YRHIWMVEFPI IJJIGX MW 5

13 EZSMHIH F] EPPSGEXMRK E YRMUYI MHIRXMÁIV ^9-(_ JSVIEGL SFNIGXN 8LMW 9-( MW WIRX EPSRK [MXL XLI VIJIVIRGI2 EPPS[MRK XLI XEVKIX WTEGI XS ÁKYVI SYX MJ MX EPVIEH] LSPHW E VIJIVIRGI XS XLEX TEVXMGYPEV SFNIGXN 8LMW MW RSX E TVSFPIQ MR WQEPP WGEPI RIX[SVOW FYX2 OIITMRK 9-(W YRMUYI SR E PEVKI WGEPI MW E GLEPPIRKIN 0MOI ;IMKLXIH 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK2 4MUYIV W XIGLRMUYI VIXEMRW E PSX SJ ÂSEXS MRK KEVFEKI HYI XS XLI GLEMRW SJ MRHMVIGX VIJIVIRGIWN +SPHFIVK?8C8A TEVXMEPP] MQTVSZIW XLMW EWTIGX F] OIITMRK E WMRKPI WGMSR GSRXEMRMRK E GSYRXIV TIV GPMIRX WTEGI VEXLIV XLER SRI JSV EPP GPMIRX WTEGIWN 8LMW EPPS[W XS VIGPEMQ JEWXIV TEVX SJ XLI WXVSRK GLEMR FYX EX XLI I\TIRWI SJ E WMKRMÁGERX QIQSV] SZIVLIEHN.YWX PMOI XLI SXLIV TVSTSWEPW FEWIH SR VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK2 4MUYIV W EPKSS VMXLQ MW RSX VIWMPMIRX XS QIWWEKI JEMPYVIWK PMZIRIWW MW RSX QIWWEKI PSWW ERH WEJIX] MW RSX TVIWIVZIH [MXL HYTPMGEXIH QIWWEKIWN F 6IJIVIRGI 0MWXMRK 6IJIVIRGI PMWXMRK HMJJIVW JVSQ VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK MR XLI [E] WGMSRW EVI QERS EKIHN -RWXIEH SJ WMRKPI WGMSR JSV EPP GPMIRXW2 GSRXEMRMRK E WMRKPI GSYRXIV2 E WTEGI EPPSGEXIW E PMWX SJ WITEVEXI WGMSRW2 SRI IEGL GPMIRX WTEGI XLEX S[RW E VIJIVIRGI XS E WEQI SFNIGXN )EGL WGMSR GSRXEMRW XLI MHIRXMX] SJ MXW TVIHIGIWWSV WTEGIN ^8LI RYQFIV SJ WGMSRW XLEX TSMRX XS WSQI SFNIGX MW IUYEP XS XLI GSYRX OITX MR XLI WMRKPI WGMSR MR VIJIVIRGISGSYRXMRK XIGLRMUYIW_N )EGL WXYF VIJIVVMRK XS ER SFS NIGX LEW E GSVVIWTSRHMRK WYGGIWWSV WGMSR JSV XLEX TEVXMGYPEV SFNIGXN -RGVIQIRX ERH HIGVIQIRX QIWWEKIW EVI VITPEGIH2 VIWTIGXMZIP]2 F] MRWIVX ERH HIPIXI GSRXVSP QIWWEKIWN % HIPIXI QIWWEKI MRJSVQW E WGMSR XLEX MX MW RS QSVI VIJIVIRGIHN 6IJIVIRGI PMWXMRK MQTVSZIW VIWMPMIRGI XS QIWWEKI ERH WTEGI JEMPYVIW SZIV VIJIVIRGISGSYRXMRK XIGLRMUYIW2 EX XLI I\TIRWI SJ E WSQI QIQSV] SZIVLIEHN 8LI QENSV EHZERXEKI SJ VIJIVIRGI PMWXMRK SZIV VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK MW XLEX QIWWEKIW EVI MHIQTSXIRX LIRGI VIWMPMIRX XS QIWWEKI JEMPYVIW ^HYTPMGEXMSR ERH PSWW_N *SV MRWXERGI2 E WEQI HIPIXI QIWWEKI QE] FI WIRX WIZIVEP XMQIW [MXLSYX GSRWIUYIRGIW SR XLI MRZEVMERXW TVIWIVZIH F] XLI TEVXMGYPEV XIGLRMUYIN -J E TVIZMSYW HIPIXI QIWWEKI LEW EPVIEH] FIIR VIGIMZIH XLI JSPPS[MRK SRI MW WMQTP] MKRSVIHh MJ XLI TVIZMSYW HIPIXI LEW FIIR PSWX XLIR XLI JSPPS[MRK SRI MW TVSGIWWIHN,S[IZIV2 QIWWEKI HIPMZIV] PEXIRG] QE] PIEH XS VIGPEMQ YRWEJIP] E TYFPMG SFNIGXN -J E HIPIXI QIWWEKI MW HIPMZIVIH PEXI2 XLI VIWYPX QE] PIEH XS VIGPEMQ E WGMSR [LMGL LEW NYWX FIIR GVIEXIHN 'SRZIVWIP]2 E QYXEXSV QIWWEKI GSRXEMRMRK E VIJIVIRGI QE] FI HIPMZIVIH XSS PEXI XS E WTEGIN -J XLMW VIJIVIRGI LEW FIIR EPVIEH] VIGPEMQIH SR XLI XEVKIX WTEGI XLIR XLI QIWWEKI WLSYPH FI MKRSVIHN 8LIWI X[S VEGI GSRHMXMSRW QE] FI EZSMHIH F] YWMRK XMQIWXEQTW EW HSRI MR LETMVS?881AN 6IWMPMIRGI XS WTEGI JEMPYVIW VIPMIW SR XLI EFMPMX] JSV IEGL ^S[RIV_ WTEGI XS GSQTYXI XLI WIX SJ MXW GPMIRXW F] PSSOMRK XLVSYKL XLI WGMSR PMWXWN 2 MX GER TVSQTX SRI SJ XLIWI XS WIRH E PMZI ^SV HIPIXI_ QIWWEKIN %HHMXMSREPP]2 XLI S[RIV QE] I\TPMGMXP] UYIV] EFSYX E TEVXMGYPEV VIJIVIRGI XLEX MW WYWTIGXW XS FIPSRK XS E KEVFEKI HMWXVMFYXIH G]GPIN *YVXLIVQSVI2 MJ SRI SJ XLIWI GPMIRXW MW HS[R XLIR XLI S[RIV WTEGI GER XEOI XLI TVSTIV HIGMWMSR FIX[IIR X[S EPXIVREXMZIWK N XS OIIT XLI SFNIGXW VIJIVVIH XS F] XLI GVEWLIH WTEGI YRXMP MX VIGSZIVWN 5N XS VIGPEMQ EX SRGI SFNIGXW XLEX XLI GVEWLIH WTEGI VIJIVW XSN 8LI JSVQIV TSPMG] EWWYQIW XLEX WGMSRW ERH WXYFW PMWXW [MPP FI VIGSZIVIH2 INKN FIGEYWI XLI] EVI FEGOIH YT SR WXEFPI WXSVEKIN 8LI PEXXIV TSPMG] EWWYQIW XLEX E GVEWLIH WTEGI [MPP RSX VIGSZIVN D

14 XYFPGMSR 4EMV 'LEMRW 4 'LEMRW?LETMVS IX EP PEMRJSWWq2 889A GSQFMRI HMWXVMFYXIH GSPPIGXMSR [MXL E VIJIVIRGI QIGLERMWQ XS PSGEXI VIQSXI SFNIGXWN -X MW HIWMKRIH JSV E GPEWWMGEP HMWXVMFYXIH W]WXIQ GSQTSWIH SJ WTEGIW 2 M5I5 [MXL RS WLEVIH QIQSV]2 TEVXMEP JEMPYVIW2 ERH YRVIPMEFPI ERH GSWXP] QIWWEKIWN 4 'LEMRW EVI ER IJÁGMIRX ERH JEYPXSXSPIVERX ZEVMERX SJ JSV[EVHIVW?*S[PIV2 8CeA2 QIERMRK XLEX E VIJIVIRGI MW MQTPIQIRXIH F] E GLEMR SJ TSMRXSXSSTSMRX PMROW ^VEXLIV XLER F] E KPSFEP MHIRXMÁ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h MRHMGEXMRK WSQI FIXXIV TEXL XS XLI XEVKIX2 MJ SRI GER FI ORS[R2 [MXLSYX I\GLERKMRK I\XVE QIWWEKIWN ;IEO PSGEXSVW EVI YWIH XS MRZSOI VIQSXI SFNIGXW EPPS[MRK XS EGGIWW ER SFNIGX MR E WMRKPI LST 5 N IRHMRK XLI VIJIVIRGI XS WSQI SFNIGX JVSQ E WTEGI XS WSQI SXLIV WTEGI GVIEXIW E VIJIVIRGI GSQTSWIH SJ E WGMSR MRXS ERH E WXYF JVSQ N 8LI WGMSR EWWSGMEXIH XS µi\tsvxih SFNIGX MW EHHIH XS XLI VSSX WIX SJ h LIRGI TVSXIGXMRK SFNIGX JVSQ FIMRK TVIQEXYVIP] VIGPEMQIHN 8LI HMWXVMFYXIH KEVFEKI TVSXSGSP EGXYEPP] YWIW E GSRWIVZEXMZI2 JEYPXSXSPIVERX ZEVMERX SJ VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRKN ;LIR WIRHMRK E VIJIVIRGI2 XLI ETTPMGEXMSRSPIZIP TVSXSGSP JSV QEVWLEPPMRK EVKYQIRXW MRXS QIWWEKIW2 GVIEXIW E WGMSRh [LIR VIGIMZMRK MX GVIEXIW E WXYFN ;LIR E WXYF FIGSQIW PSGEPP] YRVIEGLEFPI2 XLI PSGEP GSPPIGXSV VIGPEMQW MXN 4IVMSHMGEPP]2 WTEGIW I\GLERKI MHIQTSXIRX PMZI QIWWEKIW XLEX PMWX XLI WIX SJ WXYFW XLEX EVI WXMPP VIEGLEFPIh XLI VIGIMZIV HIPIXIW XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK WGMSRW XLEX EVI RSX MR XLI PMZI PMWXN 1IWWEKI JEMPYVIW EVI XSPIVEXIH F] E GSRWIVZEXMZI SVHIVMRK SJ EGXMSRW ERH F] MHIQTSXIRX QIWWEKIWh VEGI GSRHMXMSRW EVI EZSMHIH F] XMQIWXEQTMRK EPP QIWWEKIW ERH HEXE WXVYGXYVIW2 ERH MKRSVMRK QIWWEKIW XLEX EVI MRGSRWMWXIRX [MXL XLI HEXE WXVYGXYVIWN 'VEWLIW EVI XSPIVEXIH F] QEOMRK WTEGI XIVQMREXMSR ETTIEV EXSQMG [MXL VIWTIGX XS VIJIVIRGI I\TSVXWN ;LIR WIRHMRK E VIJIVIRGI2 XLI ETTPMGEXMSRSPIZIP TVSXSGSP JSV QEVWLEPPMRK EVKYQIRXW MRXS QIWWEKIW2 GVIEXIW E WGMSRh [LIR VIGIMZMRK MX GVIEXIW E WXYFN ;LIR E WXYF FIGSQIW PSGEPP] YRVIEGLEFPI2 XLI PSGEP GSPPIGXSV VIGPEMQW MXN 4IVMSHMGEPP]2 WTEGIW I\GLERKI MHIQTSXIRX PMZI QIWWEKIW XLEX PMWX XLI WIX SJ WXYFW XLEX EVI WXMPP VIEGLEFPIh XLI VIGIMZIV HIPIXIW XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK WGMSRW XLEX EVI RSX MR XLI PMZI PMWXN F@A +EVFEKI 'SPPIGXSV JSV 2IX[SVO 3FNIGXW &MVVIPP IX EP5?88DA HIWGVMFI E VIJIVIRGI PMWXMRK XIGLRMUYI JSV VIGPEMQ 2IX[SVO 3F: NIGXW?&MVVIPP IX EP52 889AN 2IX[SVO 3FNIGXW EVI ÁRIHSKVEMRIH2 RSRSQSFMPI SFNIGXW2 [LMGL GER FI VIJIVIRGIH JVSQ E VIQSXI WTEGIN 6IJIVIRGIW XS 2IX[SVO 3FNIGXW EVI GVIEXIH EW E WMHISIJJIGX SJ QEVWLEPPMRK VIJIVIRGIW MR VIQSXI MRZSGEXMSRWN % WTEGI HIWMKREXI IMXLIV E TVSGIWW2 E [SVOWXEXMSR SV ER EHHVIWW WTEGIN 5 -R EFWIRGI SJ QMKVEXMSR [IEO PSGEXSVW EVI I\EGX MR XLEX XLI] EP[E]W VIJIVW XS XLI GYVVIRX PSGEXMSR 9 SJ XLI SFNIGXN

15 $ ^M_ WIRHW XS E VIJIVIRGI XS nil ^MM_ WIRHW MRWIVX QIWWEKI XS YTSR VIGIMZMRK $ nil ^MMM_ GVIEXIW WGMSR ERH EGORS[PIHKIW MX XS $ ^MZ_ EGORS[PHKIW XS VIGITXMSR SJ $ *MKYVI T@ (YTPMGEXMSR SJ E VIJIVIRGI XS E RIX[SVO SFNIGX@ 6

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ÁVWX EPPSGEXIW E MRMS XMEPMWIH WXYF ERH WIRHW ER QIWWEKI XS WTEGI N ^MMM_ 9TSR VIGITXMSR SJ XLI QIWWEKI2 GVIEXIW E WGMSR JSV WTEGI ERH EGORS[PIHKIW GVIEXMSR SJ WGMSR N ^MZ_ 9TSR VIGITXMSR SJ XLI QIWWEKI2 WTEGI MRMXMEPMWIH XLI WXYF [MXL PSGEXSV SJ XLI WGMSR JSYRH MR XLI QIWWEKIN 2S[ XLEX I\GLERKI MW GSQTPIXIH2 WTEGI EGORS[PIHKIW XS WTEGI VIGITXMSR SJ XLI VIJIVIRGI $ N YFWIUYIRXP]2 WTEGI VIQSZIW VSSX TSMRXIV JVSQ VSSX XS WXYF N 8LMW IEVP] WLSVXGYX TSPMG] LEW WIZIVEP EHZERXEKIW GSQTEVIH XS E PE^MIV TSPMG] XLEX [SYPH HIJIV JSV MRWXERGI WLSVXGYX XS XLI TVIZMSYW MRZSGEXMSRN *MVWX2 RS XLMVH TEVX] HITIRHIRG] SGGYVN 8LMW LEW XLI RMGI IJJIGX XLEX E JEMPIH WTEGI RIZIV TVIZIRXW E VYRRMRK WTEGI JVSQ EGGIWWMRK ER SFNIGX PSGEXIH SR E XLMVH SRIN -R XLMW WGLIQI2 E WGMSR GER SRP] FI VIJIVVIH JVSQ SRI WTEGIN 8LMW WMQTPMÁ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e

17 EVI VEVI IRSYKL XS FI RIKPIGXIHN *SV MRWXERGI2 XLMW ETTVSEGL MW EGGITXEFPI MJ WIVZIVW EVI WLSVXSPMZIH2 MJ WYJÁGMIRX QIQSV] MW EZEMPEFPI XS WYTTSVX XLI WXSVEKI PIEOW ERH ER] EHHMXMSREP TEKMRK GSWX HYI XS QIQSV] JVEKQIRXEXMSR MW FIEVEFPIN -R GSRXVEWX2 WYTTSVX SJ PSRK PMZIHSWIVZIVW GSYPH WYJJIV JVSQ GYQYPEXMZI WXSVS EKI PIEOEKI PIEHMRK XS QIQSV] WLSVXEKIN IZIVEP MQTVSZIQIRXW XS VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK XIGLRMUYIW LEZI FIIR TVSTSWIHN IGXMSR 9N HIWGVMFIW GSQTPIQIRXEV] XVEGMRK XIGLRMUYI [LMGL FEWMGEPP] GSQFMRIW VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK FEWIH XIGLRMUYIW [MXL HMWXVMFYXIH XVEGMRKN 8VMEP HIPIXMSR EXXIQTXW XS Á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ÁGMIRX WYGL GSQFMREXMSR VIPMIW SR XLI EWWYQTXMSR XLEX KPSFEP XVEGMRK JVIUYIRG] MW PS[ GSQTEVIH XS XLI EG]GPMG GSPPIGXSVN (MGOQER?88A GSQFMRIW LMW 3TXMQMWIH ;IMKLXIH 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK [MXL ER ^YRWTIGMÁIH_ G]GPMG KPSFEP KEVFEKI GSPPIGXSVN 8LMW G]GPMG GSPPIGXSV MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV FSXL VIGPEMQMRK HMWXVMFYXIH G]GPIW ERH SFNIGXW 3TXMQMWIH ;IMKLXIH 6IJIVIRGI 'SYRXMRK GER X GSPPIGX ^I\TPEMRIH MR IGXMSR 5N9_ N 8VMKKIVS MRK XLI G]GPMG KEVFEKI GSPPIGXSV MW LIYVMWXMG FEWIH SR QIEWYVIQIRXW KEXLIVIH HYVMRK GSQTYXEXMSRN 8LMW GVMXIVMSR QYWX FI GEVIJYPP] GLSWIR MR SVHIV XS STXMS QMWI XLI G]GPMG GSPPIGXMSR JVIUYIRG]N MRGI XLI G]GPMG GSPPIGXSV MW RSX WTIGMÁ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ÁVWX TVSTSWIH F] &MWLST?8BBA_2 MW XS QSZI EPP SFNIGXW SJ E KEVFEKI G]GPI MRXS E WMRKPI WTEGI2 TVSZMHIH XLEX E PSGEP XVEGMRK GSPPIGXSV VIGPEMQW MRXVESWTEGI G]GPIWN *MKYVI 1 MPPYWXVEXIW XLI GSRWSPMHEXMSR SJ E KEVFEKI G]GPI GSQTSWIHN -RMXMEPP] ^M_2 SFNIGXW 2 ERH EVI HMWXVMFYXIH VIWTIGXMZIP] SR WTEGIW 2 ERH N XIT ^MM_ QMKVEXIW SFNIGX ERH XS WTEGI 2 WLSVXGYXXMRK XLI VIJIVIRGI JVSQ XS XS E PSGEP TSMRXIVN XIT ^MMM_ GSRWSPMHEXIW XLI G]GPI F] QMKVEXMRK WYFKVETL VSSXIH F] SFNIGX XS XLI WTEGI N 8LI G]GPI GSRWSPMHEXIH MR [MPP FI VIGPEMQIH EX RI\X GSPPIGXMSR SR WTEGI TVSZMHIH XLEX XLI PSGEP +' MW G]GPMGN %X IEGL WXIT2 XLI WYFKVETL VSSXIH F] XLI WYTIGX SFNIGX MW QMKVEXIHN *SV MRWXERGI2 XIT ^MMM_ MRZSPZIW QMKVEXMSR SJ FSXL SFNIGXW ERH EPXLSYKL QMKVEXMRK B

18 XLI JSVQIV SFNIGX [SYPH FI IRSYKLN,S[IZIV2 SFNIGX GSYPH FI TEVX SJ XLI HMWXVMFYXIH G]GPI MJ EW MRHMGEXIH F] XLI HEWLIH EVVS[ MR *MKYVI 1S^M_N 1MKVEXMRK XLI [LSPI WYFKVETL MRWTIGXMRK IEGL SFNIGX SR MX MR SVHIV XS Á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Á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ÁKYVIW SYX XLEX WXYF EGXYEPP] VIJIVW XS PSGEP SFNIGX N 'SRWIUYIRXP]2 XLI VIJIVIRGI JVSQ XS MW WLSVXGYX EX SRGI MRXS E PSGEP TSMRXIVN,S[IZIV2 MJ 9-(W EVI YWIJYP XS EZSMH PSST GVIEXMSR2 XLI] LEZI WIZIVI WLSVXGSQMRKW [MXL PEVKI WGEPI W]WXIQN 4EVXMGYPEVP]2 MX MW HMJÁGYPX XS KIRIVEXI YRMUYI MHIRXMÁIVW MR E ZIV] PEVKI RIX[SVO JSV PSRKSPMZIH SFNIGXWN &MWLST W XIGLRMUYI LEW SXLIV HVE[FEGOWN *SV MRWXERGIW2 LIXIVSKIRISYW RIX[SVO TSWIW E WIVMSYW TVSFPIQ WMRGI MX MW GYQFIVWSQI XS QMKVEXI SFNIGXW FIS X[IIR HMJJIVIRX EVGLMXIGXYVIWN 1SVISZIV2 WMRGI QMKVEXMSR MW FEWIH SR LIYVMWXMG2 RSRSKEVFEKI SFNIGXW QMKLX FI QMKVEXIHN 1SZMRK RSR KEVFEKISSFNIGXW GSYPH GSRÂMGX WSQI[LEX [MXL SXLIV W]WXIQ GSQTSRIRXW WYGL EW PSEH FEPERGMRK SV GPYWXIVMRKN C

19 ^M_ % KEVFEKI G]GPI HMWXVMFYXIH EQSRK WTEGIW ERH ^MM_8LI KEVFEKI G]GPI EJXIV ERH LEZI QMKVEXIH XS ^MMM_ 8LI KEVFEKI G]GPI MW GSRWSPMHEXIH SR WTEGI EJXIV QMKVEXMSR SJ 2 ERH *MKYVI >V@ &MWLST W SFNIGX QMKVEXMSR XIGLRMUYI@ 8

20 ^M_ FIJSVI QMKVEXMSR SJ SFNIGX JVSQ XS *MKYVI &MWLST W QMKVEXMSR XIGLRMUYIW GSRÂMGXW [MXL MRHMVIGXMSRW@ ^MM_ EJXIV QMKVEXMSR SJ SFNIGX JVSQ XS H@F 8VMEP (IPIXMSR 8VMEP HIPIXMSR XIGLRMUYI EW ÁVWX TVSTSWIH F] :IWXEP?8CBA MW FEWIH SR LIYVMWXMGW XS ÁKYVI SYX MJ E G]GPI SJ KEVFEKI I\MWXWK SFNIGXW WYWTIGXIH XS FIPSRK XS E KEVFEKI G]GPI EVI YWIH EW E WIIH JSV E G]GPISHIXIGXMSR TVSXSGSPN 8LMW XIGLRMUYI IWWIRXMEPP] GSRWMWXW SJ E XVMEP HIPIXMSR SJ XLI SFNIGX WIIHIH MR SVHIV XS GLIGO MJ HIWGIRHERX W GSYRXW HVST XS ^IVSN *SV XLMW VIEWSR2 XVMEP HIPIXMSR EWWYQIW XLEX XLI QEMR GSPPIGXSV MW VIJIVIRGI GSYRXMRKSFEWIHN 8LI QEMR HMJÁ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ÁIPHW XS QEREKI E GSYRXIV TIV XVEGMRKN -J XLI KVETL SJ SFNIGXW MW HMWXVMFYXIH XLIR XLI EPKSVMXLQ VIUYMVIW WSQI JSVQ SJ KPSFEP W]RGLVSRMWEXMSR XS TVIZIRX E WTEGI JVSQ XVMKKIVMRK E G]GPMG GSPPIGXMSR YRXMP EPP TVIZMSYW SRIW LEZI GSQTPIXIHN ;I WYWTIGX IMXLIV WSPYXMSRW XS FI TVSFEFP] XSS GSWXP] MR XMQI SV WTEGI VIWTIGXMZIP]N 51

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ÁIPHW2 ERH GERRSX VYR GSRGYVVIRXP] [MXL SXLIV GSPS PIGXMSR TVSGIWWMRKN &MWLST W QMKVEXMSR XIGLRMUYI WIIQW FIXXIV EHETXIH XS HMWS XVMFYXIH W]WXIQW2 FYX VIUYMVIW XS WLSVXGYX MRHMVIGX VIJIVIRGIW2 [LMGL IMXLIV GSWXW I\XVE QIWWEKIW SV VIUYMVIW YRMUYI MHIRXMÁIVWN J 8VEGMRKPFEWIH (MWXVMFYXIH +EVFEKI 'SPPIGXSVW 6IJIVIRGI GSYRXMRK QE] FI QEHI JEYPXSXSPIVERX ERH IJÁGMIRX2 FYX WXMPP WYJJIV JVSQ MRGSQTPIXI PMZIRIWW HYI XS ER MREFMPMX] XS HIXIGX HMWXVMFYXIH G]GPIWN,]FVMH XIGLRMUYIW EVI EFPI XS GSPPIGX KEVFEKI G]GPIW FYX WYJJIV JVSQ WIVMSYW HVE[FEGOWN -R GSRXVEWX2 JYPP] XVEGMRKSFEWIH TVSTSWEPW EVI MRXVMRWMGEPP] G]GPMGN ;I ÁVWX I\TPEMR [L] XVEGMRK GERRSX FI HMVIGXP] EHETXIH XS E HMWXVMFYXIH W]WXIQ ^I\TPEMRIH MR IGXMSR 6N_ N ;I HIWGVMFI XLIR XLVII QEMR XVEGMRKSFEWIH KEVFEKI GSPPIGXMSR XIGLRMUYIWN 0MWOSZ ERH 0EHMR GSQTYXI SR E GIRXVEP WTEGI XLI KPSFEP KVETL SJ VIQSXI VIJIVIRGIW ^I\TPEMRIH MR IGXMSR 6ND_ h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

22 Acknowledgement message Marking Running Idle Marking message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h ERH WIRHW XLMW MRJSVQEXMSR XS N ^MMM_ TEGI WIRHW XLI VIJIVIRGI $ FEGO XS 2 XLIR HMWGEVHW MXW S[R VIJIVIRGI XS N ^MZ_ TEGI TIVJSVQW E PSGEP +'h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h W VIJIVIRGI XS MW HMWGEVHIHN ^MM_ TIVJSVQW E PSGEP +'h GSRGPYHIW XLEX MW RS PSRKIV VIEGLEFPI JVSQ h ERH WIRHW XLMW MRJSVQEXMSR XS N ^MMM_ 8LI GSSVHMREXSV MRJIVW XLEX MW RSX VIQSXIP] VIEGLEFPI JVSQ ERH WIRHW E QIWWEKI XS N ^MZ_ ;LMPI XLI QIWWEKI MW MR XVERWMX2 WIRHW XLMW VIJIVIRGI $ XS 2 XLIR QEOIW PSGEPP] YRVIEGLEFPI ^MNIN JVSQ W PSGEP VSSX_N 55