Tom 41 Warszawa, 30 V 1988 Nr 7. Eugeniusz K i e r y c h. [W itt 10 Text-figures]

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P O L S K A A K A D E M I A N A U K I N S T Y T U T Z O O L O G I I A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I Tom 41 Warszawa, 30 V 1988 Nr 7 Eugeniusz K i e r y c h Notes on the genus Saphonecrus DALLA TORRE

The attention to the erroneous designation of the lectotype and one of the paralectotypes of Synergus variabilis M a y r, 1872, by Q u i n la n (1978) is drawn.

The group-species of inquilines with open radial cell, which are included into the genus Saphonecrus D a l l a T o r r e et K i e f f e r, 1910, requires careful identification.

1 P O L S K A A K A D E M I A N A U K I N S T Y T U T Z O O L O G I I A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I Tom 41 Warszawa, 30 V 1988 Nr 7 Eugeniusz K i e r y c h Notes on the genus Saphonecrus DALLA TORRE et KIEFFER, 1910 ( Ilym en op tera, Cynipidae) [W itt 10 Text-figures] Abstract. The attention to the erroneous designation of the lectotype and one of the paralectotypes of Synergus variabilis M a y r, 1872, by Q u i n la n (1978) is drawn. The validity of the genus Saphonecrus D a l l a T o r r e et K i e f f e r, 1910, is questioned. The group-species of inquilines with open radial cell, which are included into the genus Saphonecrus D a l l a T o r r e et K i e f f e r, 1910, requires careful identification. Any inattention may lead to erroneous classifications, examples of which can be found in literature referring to the Cynipidae. One of them has to be urgently corrected because it could lead to some superfluous confusion in the taxonom y of Synerginae. Namely, the specimen designated as th e lectotype of Synergus variabilis M a y r, 1872, and one of the specimens selected as the paralectotypes of this species ( Q u in la n, 1978) belong with no doubt to Saphonecrus undulatus ( M a y r, 1872). They have open radial cell, mesoscutum without notaulices and 13 segmented antennae. The two other paralectotype- -specimens, $ and $ settled on one pin together, are determined correctly, they belong to Synergus variabilis M a y r. 1 1 The type-series of S. variabilis M a y r and lectotype as well as paralectotypes designated by J. Q u in l a n were seen in Naturhistorisches Museum in Wien and examined by the author in December, Lectotype-specimen with attached labels: 1. a purple edged circular label with printed word Lectotype, 2. a green piece of paper with words Synergus variabilis M a y r, Austr. p. 702, 3. a label with words In G. M a y r Bd. X X II. p. 702, 4. a white, little piece of cardboard with words Syn. variabilis (handle writing) det. G. M a y r (type writing), 5. a label with words Lectotype? Synergus variabilis M a y r

346 E. Kierycli Tlie redescription of 8.

Q u in l a n s redescription. As a m etter of fact, the description of 8.

W ith reference to above, the lectotype of S. variabilis M a y r m ust be designated once more.

Pronotum with parts of head and mesoscutum, 2 Saph. connatus ( H a r t ig ), 3 Saph.

2 346 E. Kierycli Tlie redescription of 8. variabilis M a y r, published b y Q u in l a n (1978) is incorrect in consequence of erroneous designation of the lectotype of this species. 8. variabilis M a y r does not possess the characters such as pronotum with strong lateral carinae and notaulices obsolete mentioned in Q u in l a n s redescription. As a m etter of fact, the description of 8. variabilis, given by Q u in l a n (1978), does not refer to any species described by M a y r (1872). W ith reference to above, the lectotype of S. variabilis M a y r m ust be designated once more. One should take into account th a t the type-series of this Figs Saphonecrus undulatus (M a y r ), right fore wing Pronotum with parts of head and mesoscutum, 2 Saph. connatus ( H a r t ig ), 3 Saph. undulatus (M a y r ), 4 Synergus variabilis M a y r. det. J. Qu in l a n Paralectotype-specimens: $, with attached labels: 1. G. M a y r, 2. In G. M a y r, lid. X X : p. 702, Synergus variabilis M a y r, det. G. M a y r, 3. a red piece of paper with word type, 4. a blue edged circular label with the printed word Paralectoty p e, 5. Paralectotype? Synergus variabilis M a y r det. J. Q u i n l a n 1977 (specimen determined wrongly). $ and settled on one pin together with labels as paralectotype above (determined rightly).

Notes on the genus Saphonecrus 347 species housed in Katurhistorisclies Museum in Wien, composed of 48 pins (one or a few specimens on each pin), is not conspecific. There are specimens of S.

The labels with name Synergus variabilis M a y r and ty p e were not attached by G. M a y r himself but, probably, by somebody else.

Unfortunately, the type-speeies, Synergus apicalis H a r t i g, 1841, of his monobasic genus, Sapholytus, proved to be one of the Synergus-species.

The conception, however, of separate taxon of generic level was retained.

3 Notes on the genus Saphonecrus 347 species housed in Katurhistorisclies Museum in Wien, composed of 48 pins (one or a few specimens on each pin), is not conspecific. There are specimens of S. variabilis M a y r and Saphonecrus undulatus (M a y r). It is reasonable to suppose th at these two inquilines had been reared from galls of Aphelonyx cerricola ( G ir a u d ) and not separated. The labels with name Synergus variabilis M a y r and ty p e were not attached by G. M a y r himself but, probably, by somebody else. F o r s t e r (1869) was the first to separate the taxon of inquilines with open radial cell. Unfortunately, the type-speeies, Synergus apicalis H a r t i g, 1841, of his monobasic genus, Sapholytus, proved to be one of the Synergus-species. Because of that, Sapholytus F o r s t e r, 1869, was synonymized with Synergus H a r t i g, 1840, by D a l l a T o r r e and K i e f f e r (1910). The conception, however, of separate taxon of generic level was retained. D a l l a T o r r e and K i e f f e r (1910) introduced a new name of genus, Saphonecrus, with the type-species, Synergus connatus I I a r t i g, This conception has been accepted by all later cynipidologists ( T a v a r e s 1920, W e l d 1952, I o n e s c u 1957, E a d y and Q u in l a n 1963, K i e r y c h 1979, and others) but I am not certain if it is well-founded. The problem was mentioned long time ago by E a d y and Q u i n l a n (1963), too. The two genera may be separated only on the combination of characters. Each Figs Pronotum in anterior view, 5 Saph. connatus (Hartig), 6 Saph. undulatus (Mayr), 7 Synergus variabilis Mayr Mesonotum in dorsal view, 8 Saph. undulatus (Mayr), 9 Saph. connatus (Hartig), 10 Synergus variabilis Mayr.

348 E. Kiery eh character th at we use at present, except number of segments of the females antennae, is not a distinctive feature of the species of Synergus or S'aphonecrus. 1. Radial cell.

The reduction of marginal vein takes place in many groups of Cynipoidea independently and paralelly so th at the feature, open or closed radial cell, has a reasonable taxonom ic value. 2.

3, 6). The species of Synergus, e.g. 8. variabilis Mayr (Figs. 4, 7) has the pronotum without lateral carinae, too. 3. Structure of mesonotum.

4 348 E. Kiery eh character th at we use at present, except number of segments of the females antennae, is not a distinctive feature of the species of Synergus or S'aphonecrus. 1. Radial cell. Open in the species of Saphonecrus (Fig. 1), closed in Synergusspecies, except 8. apicalis H artig, the radial cell of which is in most p art open. The reduction of marginal vein takes place in many groups of Cynipoidea independently and paralelly so th at the feature, open or closed radial cell, has a reasonable taxonom ic value. 2. Structure of pronotum. The pronotum of Saph. connatus (Hartig) has no lateral carinae (Figs. 2,5) but they are well develox>ed on pronotum of 8aph. undulatus (Mayr) and 8aph. haimi (Mayr) (Figs. 3, 6). The species of Synergus, e.g. 8. variabilis Mayr (Figs. 4, 7) has the pronotum without lateral carinae, too. 3. Structure of mesonotum. The notaulices on mesoscutum of Saphonem^s-species are reduced either completely, e.g. of 8aph. undulatus (M a y r ) (Fig. 8) or in its anterior part, e.g. of Saph. connatus (H artig) (Fig. 9). The reduction of notaulices in the p art of mesoscutum appears also in some Synergus- -species, e.g. S. variabilis M a y r (Fig. 10). 4. Number of segments of antennae. The female of Synergus-species has antennae with 14 segments, male with 15. The number of segments of antennae of Saphonecrus-species is reduced, as a rule, to 13 in the female, and 14 in the male. However, this character is not invariable, e.g. the males of Saph. connatus ( H a r t i g ) have antennae with 15 segments. Taking into account the characters mentioned above, Saphonecrus should be rather regarded as a subgenus of the genus Synergus, but decision may be taken after detailed study of a num ber of species, especially from America. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Prof. M. F is c h e r (Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien) for providing me with the opportunities to examine the type-material of Saph. undulatus (M a y r ) and S. variabilis M a y r. I would like to thank Dr. Erich D il l e r (Zoologische Staatssammlung, Miinchen) for providing the types of Saph. connatus (H a r t ig ) on loan. REFERENCES Dalla Torre K. W., Kieffer J. J Cynipidae. Das Tierreich, 24. Berlin, X XXV pp., 422 ff. E a d y R. D., Q u in la n J Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea. In: Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol. V III, P art I (a). London, 81 pp., 371 ff. F o r st e r A Ueber die Gallwespen. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver., Wien, 19: H artig T Ueber die Gallwespen. Z. Ent., Leipzig, 2: I o n e sc u M. A Cynipinae. Fauna Republicii Populare Romine, Insecta, 9 (fasc. 2). Bucureęti, 246 pp., 151 ff.

Notes on the genus Saphonecrus 349 K ierycii E. 1979. Galasówkowate, Cynipoidea. Katalog fauny Polski, Część XXVI, zeszyt 2. Warszawa, 103 pp. M a y r G. L. 1972.

Xystus testaceus H a r t i g, 1841 and Synergus variabilis M a y r, 1873 redefined and redescrihed (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Z. osterr. Ent.-Ver. Wien, 30: 71-74, 6 ff. T a v a r e s J.

1952. Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950. Ann Arbor (Michigan), 351 pp., 224 ff.

5 Notes on the genus Saphonecrus 349 K ierycii E Galasówkowate, Cynipoidea. Katalog fauny Polski, Część XXVI, zeszyt 2. Warszawa, 103 pp. M a y r G. L Die Einm ietkler der mitteleuropaischen Eickengallen. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 22: Q u e n la n J Xystus testaceus H a r t i g, 1841 and Synergus variabilis M a y r, 1873 redefined and redescrihed (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Z. osterr. Ent.-Ver. Wien, 30: 71-74, 6 ff. T a v a r e s J. (S i l v a d a ) Synergariae ou Les Cynipides commensaux d autres Cynipides dans la Peninsule Iberique. Mem. Soc. Portug. Sci. Nat., Ser. Zool., Lisbonne, 4, VIII-)- 75 pp., 2 tt. W e l d L. H Cynipoidea (Hym.) Ann Arbor (Michigan), 351 pp., 224 ff. Instytut Zoologii PAN W arszawa, Wilcza 64 STRESZCZENIE [Tytuł: Uwagi o rodzaju Saphonecrus Daela T o r r e et K i e f f e r, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)] Dwa okazy Saphonecrus undulatus (M a y r) przechowywane w M iturhistorisches Museum w Wiedniu błędnie przyjęto za okazy typowe, lektotyp i paralektotyp, gatunku Synergus variabilis M a y r. W konsekwencji redeskrypcja gatunku S. variabilis M a y u, zamieszczona w pracy Q u i n l a n a (1978), jest również błędna. M e odnosi się ona do żadnego gatunku opisanego przez M a y r a (1872). Zdaniem autora takson komornic z o tw artą kom órką radialną, Saphonecrus D. T. et K i e f f e r, powinien być uznany tylko za podrodzaj rodzaju Synergus I I a r t i g. Zagadnienie wymaga jednak szczegółowych badań, zwłaszcza gatunków am erykańskich. PE3HDME [3arjiaB ue: 3aMeMaHHfl OTHOCHTejibHo poga Saphonecrus D a l l a T o r r e et K ie f f e r, 1910 {Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)] B EcTecTBeHHO-HCTopimecKOM My3ee b BeHe xpamrrcji a sa 3K3eMnjwpa Saphonecrus undulatus ( M a y r ), o u i h ó o h h o o6o3haaehhbie Kax TunoBbie 3K3eMnji5ipbi jiektoran n napajiektotun, Bima Synergus variabilis M a y r. B pe3yjibtate perecrpumiua Bima S. variabilis M a y r ), ymemeimajr b paóote KBHHjnma ( Q u in la n 1978) Taioice onmóohha. H e KacaexcR OHa h h ofluoro H 3 b h a o b, onucamibix MaiiepoM ( M a y r 1872).

6 350 E. Kiery cli n o MHeHHK) abtopa TaKCOH OpeXOTBOpOK COTKptlTOH paflhajlbhoh BBeiłKOH, Saphonecrus D. T. et Kieffer, flojdkeh 6bitl nph3hah tojilko JiHuib 3a noflpo/j b po^e Synergus H artig. 3 to t Bonpoc TpeSyeT, o/ntaico, noppo6m>ix HccjieflOBamiił, ocoóehho amepracahckhx b h p o b. R edaktor pracy prof. dr J. Nast

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