acculturation, 11, 207 Agudat Israel, 224, 226 AJC (American Jewish Committee), 56, 76, 93, 110, 213, 223, 227 akcja pociagowa, 42 3 Akcja Wisła, see Operation Vistula alcoholism, 51 2 Aleksiun, Natalia, 209 American Federation for Polish Jews, 56 American Jewish Committee, see AJC American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, see JOINT anti-jewish violence, 4 7, 10 11, 29, 42, 54, 87, 105, 112 13, 115, 139 45, 199, 229 anti-jewish violence in Poland, 114 17 anti-jewish violence in Slovakia, 117 22 see also pogroms; antisemitism antisemitism, 5, 7, 10, 12, 60, 71, 75, 80, 90, 101, 105, 109, 130, 132 9, 142, 144, 149, 155, 165, 182 7, 193 4, 196 7, 199 200, 202, 205, 221 2, 228 see also Judeo-communism aryanization, 66, 90 3, 126, 140 aryanizers, 47, 93, 137 assimilation, 4, 11, 153 4, 169 70, 200, 202, 204 5, 207 Association of Jewish Artisans, 80 Australian Federation for Polish Jews, 70 banditry, 48 9 Bank for Jewish Economic Rehabilitation (Bank dla Produktywizacji Żydów), 187 Bánovce, 26, 108, 117, 119 Banská Bystrica, 21, 31, 36, 38, 40, 117, 135 Bardejov, 120 Barkan, Elazar, 74, 112 Barnovský, Michal, 24 Bein, William, 182, 198 Beluša, 119 Beneš, Edvard, 21, 24, 96, 98, 147, 165 Beneš decrees, 94, 96, 98, 100, 165 Beth Jacob homes, 224 Białystok, 30 1, 206, 211 Bielsko, 82 Bierut, Bolesław, 50, 72 see also Dekrety Bieruta Birenbaum, Halina, 36, 40, 54 black market, 57 9 Black, Richard, 180 Blau, Bruno, 169 Borejsza, Jerzy, 133 Borwicz, Michał, 36, 65 Borysław, 34, 45 Bratislava, 11, 12, 22, 31, 39, 54 5, 60, 64, 93 4, 96, 98, 100 1, 103 4, 108 9, 111, 118, 120 1, 126 7, 129, 135 8, 149, 167, 171 2, 175, 213, 217 9, 224, 226 7, 229 Bricha, 209 see also emigration Büchler, Robert Y., 3, 44, 127 Bureau for Matters Concerning Aid to the Jewish Population of Poland, see Referat do Spraw Pomocy Ludności Żydowskiej w Polsce Burstein, Malvina, 58, 63 4 Bydgoszcz, 116 Čadca, 119 Cała, Alina, 155 Čas, 134 5 Catholic Church, 28, 90, 95, 138 9 census, 10, 91, 126, 166 7, 169, 172, 173, 177, 203 Central Committee for Polish Jews, see CKŻP Central Jewish Historical Commission (Centralna Żydowska Komisja Historyczna), 208 280
281 Central Union of Jewish Communities in Slovakia, see ÚSŽNO Centralny Komitet Żydów w Polsce, see CKŻP Chełm, 116 Chynorany, 118, 120 citizenship, 8, 29, 93, 98, 145 6, 149, 152, 154 7, 159, 161 2, 164 6, 168 70, 172 3, 175 8, 186 civil war, 26, 47 8, 139, 143 civil war in Poland, 26 7 CKŻP (Centralny Komitet Żydów w Polsce), 42, 50, 55, 68, 74 5, 82, 85, 88, 125, 159, 162, 187, 199, 204, 205, 209, 211, 222 collaboration, 45 6 Common Sowing (Wspólne Sianie), 192 Communists, 21, 24 5, 121, 138, 153 5, 182, 221, 229 confiscation, 98 101 cooperatives, 7, 79, 133, 187 93, 195 7, 209 10, 216 19 Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds in New York, 186 Council of Jewish Religious Congregations (Rada Żydowskich Zrzeszeń Religijnych), 204, 210 11 Cukor, Peter, 38 Curzon line, 151 Czeladź, 116 Datner-Śpiewak, Halina, 155 Dekrety Bieruta, 72, 84, 111 Demokratická strana (Democratic Party), see DS Dichter, Wilhelm, 34, 37, 40, 42, 45, 200 Dmitrów, Edmund, 148 Dmowski, Roman, 11, 152 Dobre, 45 Dobroszycki, Lucjan, 70, 76 Dos Naje Lebn, 199, 208 Dowgird, Krzysztof, 133 Drohobycz, 38 DS (Demokratická strana), 25, 95, 132, 135, 139 Dunajská Streda, 119, 213, 215, 224 Działoszyce, 115 Dziennik Łódzki, 131, 133 Dziennik Polski, 131 3 Dzierżoniów (Rychbach), 192, 194, 203, 206 Egit, Jakub, 161 emigration, 4, 7, 10, 28, 40, 154, 181, 182, 184, 190, 194, 199, 204, 209, 211, 220, 225, 228 30 Endelman, Todd, 1, 3 expropriation, 142 expropriation in Poland, 63 9 expropriation in Slovakia, 90 4 expulsions, 147 9 Ezekiel, Mordecai, 186, 199 families, 37, 45, 57, 62, 199 200, 209 farming, 10, 187, 192 4 Fear, 5, 6, 26, 87, 139 see also Gross, Jan T. Felak, James R., 23, 119 Fischbein, 192, 206 Frieder, Armin (Abba), 55, 223, 226 7, 229 Frieder, Emanuel, 226 Galanta, 217, 218 germanization, 100, 103, 168 GG (General Government), 66, 69 Głos Ludu, 132 Gnaszyn, 33 Gniewoszów, 115 Gomułka, Władysław, 25 Gottschalk, Max, 93, 222, 224, 229 Gottwald, Klement, 24 government-in-exile, 25, 31, 132 Grew, Raymond, 1 2 Grójec, 115 Gross, Jan T., 5 6, 34, 79, 87, 105, 139, 140, 142, 145 Gross, Natan, 209 Grossman, Atina, 8 Grynberg, Henryk, 31, 37, 45 Grynberg, Michał, 188 9, 209 10 Hachsharah, 215 Ha-Lapid, 225 Hammond, Laura, 180 Hartman, John J., 143 Ha-Shomer Ha-Tsair, 40 Hasidism, 11 12 heirless property, 73 4, 109 10 Helenówek, 205 HIAS (Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society), 56 Hirschhaut, Sabina, 82 3, 87 Hlavinka, Ján, 14 15 Hlinka Guard, 15 16, 21, 93, 136 Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana, see HSĽS Hlohovec, 101 Holocaust, 12 19, 45, 143, 207 Home Army, 13, 20, 25 6, 32, 48, 116 Horthy, Miklós, 169
282 HSĽS (Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana), 12 13, 15, 120, 126 7 Humenné, 117 Hurwic-Nowakowska, Irena, 203, 207 HVNB (Hlavné veliteľstvo národnej bezpečnosti), 117 identity, 7 10, 46, 74, 138, 156, 202 4, 221 Ipoľske Šahy, 119 Jacobson, Israel, 107 8, 214, 226 Janics, Kalman, 170 Jarosław, 38, 77 Jelenia Góra, 160 2, 207 Jelinek,Yeshayahu A., 3, 13, 52, 94 Jewish Code, see Židovský kódex Jewish Press Agency, 210 JOINT (American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee), 49, 55 6, 59, 71, 75, 87, 107, 182 3, 185, 191, 196, 198, 210 11, 214 17, 219, 222, 225 Judeo-communism, 49 51, 140, 144, 183 Judt, Tony, 18, 23 Kahane, David, 210 Kalina, Joseph S., 38, 40 2, 45, 221 Kamenec, Ivan, 3, 13 14, 127 8, 130, 135, 140 1 Kamińska, Ida, 53, 208 Katowice, 116, 131, 159, 188 Kazimierz, 68, 122 3, 126, 141 see also Kraków KBW (Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego), 26 Keleti, Georg, 47, 97, 108 Keller, Menasche, 202 Kelpin, 196 Kersten, Krystyna, 22, 50, 114, 144 5 Kežmarok, 117 Kidlin, 192 Kielce, 19, 31, 33, 54, 114 15, 181 see also pogrom in Kielce Klein-Pejšová, Rebekah, 12 Kleparski Square, 123 see also pogrom in Kraków Kłodzko, 164 Kluczbork, 158 Klukowski, Zygmunt, 17 18, 20, 27, 32, 48 Kobriner and Gutmacher, 75, 78, 85 Komárne, 119, 169 Komitet Organizacyjny Żydów Polskich w ZSRR (Organizing Committee of Polish Jews in ZSRR), 54 Komunistická strana Slovenska (Slovak Communist Party), see KSS Kopecký, Václav, 165 Koser, Khalid, 180 Košice, 11 12, 31, 54 5, 117, 169, 172, 174, 213, 215, 217 18, 224, 226, 243 Košice Program, 24, 152 Kovály, Heda, 27 Kraft, Claudia, 158 Krajowa Rada Narodowa, see KRN Kraków, 10, 19, 25, 31, 36 7, 49, 54, 61 2, 65 7, 78 80, 82, 84 5, 88, 114 15, 122 3, 130, 133, 138, 141, 145, 181, 188, 193, 195 6, 200 3, 205 6, 213 see also pogrom in Kraków Kraków ghetto, 67 Kráľovský Chlumec, 175 KRN (Krajowa Rada Narodowa), 72 KSS (Komunistická strana Slovenska), 24, 95, 132, 135 land reform, 25, 73, 76, 86, 92, 98 9 Lasman, Noah, 32 4, 36, 40, 44, 52, 56, 63 Lemkos, 151 Leopoldov, 108 Lettrich, Jozef, 21, 112 Levice, 174 Levine, Julius, 225, 228 9 Levoča, 97, 117 liberation, 25, 29, 30 7, 39, 48, 59, 71 see also Red Army Lipscher, Ladislav, 90, 92 Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš, 11, 119 Łódź, 9, 10, 33, 37, 40, 49, 53 4, 63, 71, 78, 116, 131, 134, 181 2, 189, 191, 199, 201, 203, 205 6, 208 Łosice, 32, 56 Lower Silesia, 31, 50, 154 6, 159 60, 163 4, 181, 184, 186 8, 190 4, 196, 203, 206, 209, 219 see also Recovered Territories Lublin, 10, 19, 26, 30, 32, 56, 70, 115, 151, 187 Lučenec, 118 Łuczak, Czesław, 66 Ľudácke podzemie, 26 Ľudáki, 12, 135 magyarization, 100, 103, 167 9, 173 4 Manifesto of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN), 34, 69, 70, 152 Medzilaborce, 15 memorialization, 28, 52 3
283 Mendelsohn, Ezra, 11 Mestel, Rudolf, 83, 87 Metalotechnika, 195 6 Metalowiec, 191 Michalovce, 12, 43, 117, 172, 213, 217 18 Michlic, Joanna, 36 Mieczkowski, Janusz, 154 5 migrations, 22 3, 39 Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 25 militia, 18, 115 16, 123, 125 6, 134, 142 Mir Lebngeblibene, 209 Mironowicz, Eugeniusz, 154 Mizrachi, 224, 226 Mukachevo, 11 Munich Agreement, 94 5, 98, 100 2, 105, 149 national committees (národné výbory), 59, 96 7, 100, 103, 105, 113, 118, 166, 170, 177 national management (národná správa), 72 3, 94 9, 103 4, 108 9, 112, 140 1 nationalization, 25, 73 4, 76, 78, 83, 86, 107, 109, 111 12, 127 8, 216, 221, 229 Naton, Joseph, 87 NB (Národna bezpečnost), 128 9, 136 8 Neolog, 12, 222, 224, 226 Nijaki, Antoni, 124 Nitra, 11, 26, 101, 118, 126 7, 172, 213, 220 1 NKVD (Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), 23 6, 134 Nové MestonadVáhom, 55, 119, 220 Nové Zámky, 118 19, 172, 213, 224 Nowy Sacz, 151 NSDAP, 160, 242 Ontax, 85 6 Opatów, 88, 115 Operation Vistula (Akcja Wisła), 151 Orava, 26, 101 Organization of Victims of Racial Persecution at the Hands of the Fascist Regime in Bratislava, see SRP Organizing Committee of Polish Jews in ZSRR, see Komitet Organizacyjny Żydów Polskich w ZSRR ORMO (Ochotnicza Rezerwa Milicji Obywatelskiej), 50 orphanages, 60 1, 116, 199, 204 5, 220 ORT Federation, 56, 215 Osóbka-Morawski, Edward, 153 Otwock, 208 Ožďany, 99 OZE-TOZ (Obshchestvo Zdravookhraneniia Evreev), 56 Paczkowski, Andrzej, 50 Państwowy Urzad Repatriacyjny, see PUR Parczew, 32, 116 Partisan Congress (Partizánsky zjazd), 104, 118 19, 141 partisans, 21, 26, 49, 99, 101, 104, 106, 119, 141, 143, 191 Pat, Jacob, 190, 199 200, 205 6, 209 Piechal, Marian, 132 Piešťany, 26, 119 20 Piotrolesie, 194 PKWN (Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego), 69 70 see also Manifesto of the Polish Committee of National Liberation Plockier, Dr., 190 1, 196, 207 pogroms, 58, 114 15, 131, 135, 137, 184, 206, 228 pogrom in Bratislava, 105 6, 118 19, 120 2, 141 pogrom in Kielce, 7, 88, 116, 143 5, 181 2, 194, 199 pogrom in Kraków, 123 6, 130, 134, 138, 148 pogrom in Topoľčany, 60, 126 30, 134 7, 139 40 political reliability, 94 6, 103, 107, 166, 173, 175 Polska Partia Robotnicza (Polish Workers Party), see PPR Polska Partia Socjalistyczna (Polish Socialist Party), see PPS Polska Zbrojna, 132 Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish People s Party), see PSL PZZ (Polski Zwiazek Zachodni), 159 Pomocna Pokladnica, 218 19 Poprad, 117 Potsdam Conference, 146 POWs (Prisoners of War), 18, 22 Poznań, 49 PPR (Polska Partia Robotnicza), 25, 50, 130, 133 4, 153 4, 210 PPS (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna), 134 Prague, 12, 21, 24, 58, 94, 100 1, 103 4, 107, 111, 136, 149, 175 6, 201, 227, 229 Pravda, 135 Prešov, 31, 38, 40, 117, 134, 213, 221 Prievidza, 64, 127 productivization, 79 80, 130, 153, 187 97, 205, 210, 217, 219 see also cooperatives
284 property, 8, 14, 47, 66, 68, 73 4, 76 7, 101, 140, 150, 157, 159, 161, 172, 186, 193, 196, 201, 216, 222, 226, 228 see also aryanization, expropriation, heirless property, national management, national committees, public management, restitution Provincial Jewish Historical Commission in Kraków (Wojewódzka Żydowska Komisja Historyczna w Krakowie), 36 Prudnik, 162 Przemyśl, 19, 30, 37 8, 115, 151 PSL (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe), 25 public management, 72, 79 84 PUR (Państwowy Urzad Repatriacyjny), 37, 62 Quakers, 88 Rabka, 116 Raciaż, 115 Radom, 37, 115 Radomsko, 116 railway stations, 39 40 reactionaries, 130 2, 136 Reader, 33, 131, 133 Reale, Eugenio, 49 reconstruction, 27, 132, 142, 155, 180, 204 Recovered Territories, 10, 37, 73 4, 151 2, 155 7, 160, 164, 176, 186 7, 194, 241 Red Army, 23 4, 30 5, 42, 47 8, 55 Redlich, Shimon, 53, 181, 208 Referat do Spraw Pomocy Ludności Żydowskiej w Polsce (Bureau for Matters Concerning Aid to the Jewish Population of Poland), 54 Referendum 1946, 25 relief, 27, 55 7, 59 61, 180, 197 8, 214, 219 repatriation, 22, 37 9, 44, 54, 61 2, 73 4, 77, 84 5, 116, 119, 122, 141, 151, 159, 163, 189, 193, 199 see also PUR repolonization, 156 63 see also verification reslovakization, 149, 170 5 restitution, 4, 8, 10, 29, 59, 110 13, 135, 141, 178 restitution in Poland, 69 89 restitution in Slovakia, 94 109 retribution, 23, 28, 177 Rimavská Sobota, 99, 217 Ritsch, 189 ritual murder, 115 16, 118, 123 4, 141 Robinson, Nehemiah, 76, 91, 107 Robotnik, 132 Rogowsky, Janet, 38 Rozenes, Henryk, 83, 87 Rukotex, 217 18 Rybak Szczeciński, 189 Rybczyński, Witold, 45 Rychbach, see Dzierżoniów Rzeczpospolita, 131 3 Rzeszów, 19, 30, 37 8, 54, 115, 151 Salner, Peter, 3 Sanacja, 132 Sanok, 115 Schindler, Oscar, 66 Sdruženie fašistickým režimom rasove prenasledovaných v Bratislave, see SRP Shapiro, Leon, 214 Shuster, Zachariah, 210, 213 Šišjaková, Jana, 117 Skaryszew, 116 Slovak Communist Party, see KSS Slovak National Uprising (Slovenské národné povstanie), 13, 21, 25, 35, 94, 102, 104, 135 Slovak State, 3, 13, 16, 90, 95, 102, 106, 108, 121, 126, 136, 143, 169 Slovenská národná rada, see SNR Słupsk, 198 Šmidke, Karol, 135 6 SNP Square, 119 20 SNR (Slovenská národná rada), 24, 94, 99, 100, 102, 112, 136 Society for Fostering Jewish Art, 208 Solidarity (Centrala Gospodarcza Solidarność), 187 8 Sosnowiec, 83 Soviet Union, 9 10, 16, 22 4, 26, 30, 35, 37 8, 44, 54, 61 2, 122, 143, 189, 205, 209 see also Red Army Spišská Nová Ves, 47, 97 SRP (Sdruženie fašistickým režimom rasove prenasledovaných v Bratislave), 55, 58, 60, 96, 99 102, 105 6, 118 19, 128, 138, 166, 170, 174 6, 222 Stańczyk, Jan, 87 Status Quo, 12, 55 Steiner, Eugen, 21 Stola, Dariusz, 75, 81
285 Stopnice, 88 Šurany, 119 Šutaj, Štefan, 171, 173 Szarota, Tomasz, 154 Szaynok, Bożena, 77, 144, 160, 164 Szczebrzeszyn, 17 18, 32 Szczecin, 154, 164, 181 2, 188 9, 196, 207 Szeroka Square, 123 see also pogrom in Kraków Tarbut, 204, 207 Tarnów, 68, 88 Teatr Dzieci Warszawy, 195 Teheran Conference, 23, 151 Third World War, 27, 228 Tiso, Jozef, 13 14, 21, 26, 31, 91, 95, 106 7, 112, 119 20, 143 Tiso trial, 117, 119 Tokarnia, 116 Tomaszek i Gries, 189 Tönsmeyer, Tatjana, 90 Topoľčany, 26, 31, 54, 58, 101, 114, 117 20, 126, 130, 136 8, 141, 145 see also pogrom in Topoľčany Tornaľa, 119 Treaty of Trianon, 149 Trebišov, 63 4, 172 Trenčín, 117 Tribúna, 220, 222 Tricot, 195 Trnava, 104 Trojstman, 184 tuberculosis, 61, 214 Tygodnik Powszechny, 131, 133 UB (Urzad Bezpieczeństwa), 50 UPA (Ukrayins ka Povstans ka Armiya), 151 UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), 21, 56, 198 Unzere Kinder, 209 Upper Silesia, 154, 158, 162, 181 2, 190, 203 ÚSŽNO (Ústredný sväz židovských náboženských obci na Slovensku), 55 6, 96, 100, 105 7, 166, 170, 174 5, 222, 225, 227, 229 Uzhgorod, 11 verification, 157 63 verification committees, 157 9 Vienna, 11, 38 9, 202 Vienna Arbitration, 11, 149 Volhynian massacres, 151 Vráble, 172 Vrzgulová, Monika, 14, 48 Wałbrzych, 187, 191 2, 203, 206 Warsaw, 10, 17, 20, 31, 37, 40, 54, 57, 60, 75, 78, 80, 83, 85 6, 111, 115, 134, 177, 181, 187, 189, 195, 204, 206, 208, 211, 256 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 17, 20, 53 Warsaw Uprising, 20, 23, 26 Waszkiewicz, Ewa, 156 Weill, Chaim, 36 Weltson, 108 9 weryfikacja, see verification Winn, Milton, 110, 227 Winterstein, Vojtech, 55, 58, 61, 166 7, 169, 222, 229 WIZO (Women s International Zionist Organization), 215 WJC (World Jewish Congress), 56, 74, 76, 107, 207, 210 Working Group, 55 World Jewish Congress, see WJC Wrocław, 20, 31, 156, 183 5, 191, 208 Wspólne Sianie, see Common Sowing Wyka, Kazimierz, 68, 142 Yeshiva, 225 Yeshurun, 55 Yiddisher Yishuv, 155, 193, 206 Žabokreky, 118, 120 Zabrze, 203 Zagórski, Jerzy, 133 Žakarovce, 35 Zamość, 17, 27 Zaremba, Marcin, 26, 32, 42, 47 8, 57, 145 Zbor povereníkov, see ZP Židovský kódex (Jewish Code), 14, 93 Žilina, 43, 117, 119, 213, 217 18 Zionism, 11, 28, 40, 56, 193, 204, 209, 215, 224, 229 ZP (Zbor povereníkov), 24, 94 Zvolen, 11, 55, 117 Zwoleń, 116