Wydruk roboczy do korekty autorskiej

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1 URBAN FAUNA Studies of animal biology, ecology and conservation in European cities Piotr Indykiewicz, Leszek Jerzak, Jörg Böhner, Brendan Kavanagh (eds.) UTP Bydgoszcz 2011 Bogusław Soszyński 1, Agnieszka Soszyńska-Maj 2 1 Field Center of Ecological Education and Culture, Okólna 183, PL Łódź, Poland eusosz@retsat1.com.pl 2 University of Łódź, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12/16, PL Łódź, Poland agasosz@biol.uni.lodz.pl Wydruk roboczy do korekty autorskiej Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve with reference to the Syrphidae fauna in Łódź Abstract: The authors summarized data from almost 40-year research into the Syrphidae in the Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve, surrounded by a large urbanized area. Over this period 76 species of Syrphidae were recorded, ca. 19% of the Polish fauna. One species, Cheilosia grossa, recorded in the study area, is listed in the Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland. 17 species of hoverflies are considered to be rare or extinct in the area of Polesie Konstantynowskie NR. Three taxa, with larvae living in wet habitats, have not been recorded since the late 1960s, which may be been caused by the reduction of groundwater level. Numerous occurrences of two saproxylophagous species, Xylota sylvarum and X. tarda, whose larvae live in rotten wood, and several other species associated with forest, are indicative of the ancient origins of this small nature reserve. Key words: Hoverflies, flies, fauna of Łódź Introduction Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve is situated in the centre of Łódź. It was established in 1930 as one of the first nature reserve in the centre of a big urbanized area anywhere in the world (Olaczek 2008). Flies from family Syrphidae, one of the biggest families of Diptera in Poland, were studied in the reserve. Syrphidae play an important role as bioindicators, taking into account the diverse biology of their larval stages (Soszyński 2007). In the area of Łódź, Syrphidae were studied in Lublinek Range (Soszyński and Soszyńska-Maj 2011) and Łagiewniki Forest, the biggest municipal forest not only of Łódź, but also in the whole of Europe (Soszyński et al. 2010). The latter Forest covers 1200 ha and is the last remaining section of primeval forest in Łódź, with some trees 285

2 B. Soszyński, A. Soszyńska-Maj over 200 years old (Kurowski 1996), with only few wet habitats. 166 species of hoverflies were recorded in Łagiewniki Forest, which is 42,5% of the current identified Polish fauna of Syrphidae (Soszyński et al. 2010). More details of the biology and the current state of knowledge of Syrphidae in Central Poland and Łódź were presented by Soszyński and Soszyńska-Maj (2011). The aim of the present study was to a) present a list of species of Syrphidae of the Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve, situated in the central part of big urbanized area, B) to supplement the data on Syrphidae occurring in Łódź and C) to reveal a role of forest habitats in preserving diversity of insects in an urban area. Material and methods Investigation in the Polesie Konstantynowskie NR was carried out from Flies were collected using various qualitative methods, e.g. by entomological sweep net and with entomological net by eye. The collections were made from the beginning of March to the end of September, with different intensity between years. Names of the species were identified according to Fauna of Poland (Soszyński 2007). According to Magurran (1988), Sørensen and Jaccard indexes of qualitative similarity were used for the analysis of similarity of Syrphidae fauna in Łódź forest areas, based on details from papers Soszyński et al. (2010) and Soszyński and Soszyńska-Maj (2011). Study area The Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve (UTM: CC93) covers 9,8 ha of forest area and is situated in the south-western part of Łódź. This reserve is an integral part of the J. Piłsudski Park, fenced and protected from direct human pressure, however from the south it borders a very busy Konstantynowska street. It was established in Up to eighty years ago it was within the periphery of Łódź, however, as a result of city development it is now within its central part. Almost natural ecosystems of subcontinental dryground forest, riparian forest and remains of marshy alder carr are still protected within this reserve. During the time when it was afforded protection, spruce and fir grew there, the latter being on the northern border of its range in Poland. Catastrophic reduction of the level of underground water and air pollution being a result of urban pressure, gradually caused the extinction of spruces and firs and changed the habitat (Olaczek & Sowa 1976, Siciński 1990, Olaczek 2008). However, single specimens of these coniferous trees still grow a small distance from the Polesie Konstantynowskie. 286

3 Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve... Results Investigations have identified 76 species of Syrphidae. The list of species with detailed phenological data, categoried according to the Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland (Palaczyk et al. 2002), the status of these species in the study area, additional data on their biology and occurrence in Łódź (Kowalczyk 1996, Kowalczyk & Kurzac 2003, Kowalczyk & Watała 1991, Soszyński et al. 2010) and the zoogeographical classification are presented in Table 1. Data covering 25 of these species has already been published based on studies conducted from (Soszyński & Śliwiński 1980). Tab.le1. List of Syrphidae from Polesie Konstantynowskie NR in Łódź. RL Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland, Łódź presence based on literature, ŁF Łagiewniki Forest (Soszyński et al. 2010), date of last statement, Z zoophagous, F phytophagous, SA aquatic saprophagous, ST terrestrial saprophagous; ZE zoogeographical element, B boreal, BM boreal-mountain, E eastern, S southern, ~ widespread. Species Phenology III I V V VI VII VIII IX RL Łódź ŁF Status Biology ZE Baccha elongata (Fabricius, 1775) Brachypalpus laphriformis (Fallén, 1816) Chalcosyrphus valgus (Gmelin, 1790) Cheilosia albitarsis C. grossa C. pagana C. pubera (Zetterstedt, 1838) C. urbana C. variabilis (Panzer, 1798) C. vernalis C. vicina (Zetterstedt, 1849) Chrysotoxum bicinctum x x x - + rare ST ~ x + + rare ST ~ x x - + F ~ x x NT + + rare F ~ x x x + + F ~ x - + F ~ x x + + F ~ x - + F ~ x x x x + + F ~ x - - rare F ~ 287

4 B. Soszyński, A. Soszyńska-Maj C. festivum x Criorhina berberina (Fabricius, 1805) x - - rare ST ~ Dasysyrphus albostriatus (Fallen,1817) D. hilaris (Zetterstedt, 1843) x D. pinastri (De Geer, 1776) x x + + rare Z BM D. venustus x Didea intermedia Loew, 1854 x Epistrophe eligans (Harris, 1780) E. flava Doczkal & Schmid, 1994 E. nitidicollis x Episyrphus auricollis x - + rare Z ~ E. balteatus (De Geer, 1776) x x E. cinctellus (Zetterstedt, 1843) Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) x x + + SA ~ E. sepulchralis x + + SA ~ Eristalis arbustorum x x x + + SA ~ E. interrupta (Poda, 1761) x x x - + SA ~ E. intricaria x x x + + SA ~ E. lineata (Harris, 1776) x x + + SA ~ E. pertinax (Scopoli, 1763) x x + + SA ~ E. picea x SA B Eumerus strigatus x + + F ~ 288

5 Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794) E. latifasciatus (Macquart, 1829) E. luniger Helophilus hybridus Loew, 1846 H. pendulus H. trivittatus (Fabricius, 1805) Heringia heringii (Zetterstedt, 1843) H. latitarsis (Egger, 1865) H. pubescens (Delucchi & Pschorn, 1955) H. vitripennis Leucozona lucorum Melangyna cincta M. guttata M. lasiophthalma (Zetterstedt, 1843) M. quadrimaculata (Verrall, 1873) Melanogaster nuda (Macquart, 1829) Melanostoma mellinum M. scalare (Fabricius, 1794) Merodon equestris (Fabricius, 1794) Myathropa florea Neoascia podagrica (Fabricius, 1775) x x x - + SA ~ x x x x x + + SA ~ x x x + + SA ~ x x + + rare Z ~ x + + rare Z ~ x - - rare Z ~ x x x + + rare Z BG x SA ~ x Z ~ x x x + + F ~ x x x x + + ST ~ x x x - + rare SA ~ 289

6 B. Soszyński, A. Soszyńska-Maj Parhelophilus versicolor (Fabricius, 1794) x + + SA ~ Pipiza festiva Meigen, 1822 P. lugubris (Fabricius, 1775) P. noctiluca Pipizella viduata Platycheirus albimanus (Fabricius, 1781) x x P. scutatus x Pyrophaena granditarsa (Forster, 1771) x - - rare Z ~ Scaeva pyrastri S. selenitica Sphaerophoria scripta x Syritta pipiens x x x x + + ST ~ Syrphus ribesii x x S. torvus Osten-Sacken, 1875 x x S. vitripennis Meigen, 1822 x x Temnostoma bombylans (Fabricius, 1805) x + + rare ST ~ Triglyphus primus Loew, 1840 Volucella pellucens x Xylota segnis x x x x + + ST ~ X. sylvarum x x + + ST ~ X. tarda Meigen, 1822 x x + + ST ~ Seventeen species of hoverflies were rare or locally extinct in the Polesie Konstantynowskie NR. The presence of three species, whose larvae live in marshy terrain 290

7 Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve... has not been confirmed since the late 1960s. These are: Eristalis picea, Melanogaster nuda and Melanostoma mellinum. Within Polesie Konstantynowskie, hoverflies were collected during the entire growing season, from early March to late September. The peak of the activity was in June and July. Several species were also caught in early spring on willow blossoms Cheilosia grossa, Episyrphus auricollis, Eristalinus aeneus, Melangyna lasiophthalma, M. quadrimaculata, Scaeva selenitica. 93 of the species of Syrphidae recorded in this reserve may be classified as widespread. Amongst the remainder, two have a boreal-mountain range and one further species is boreal. One phytophagous species, Cheilosia grossa, recorded in the Polesie Konstantynowskie NR belongs to the Near Threatened (NT) category according to the Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland (Palaczyk et al. 2002). Comparing the percentage of various trophic groups of Syrphidae recorded in the Łódź forests (Las Łagiewnicki Soszyński et al. 2010, Uroczysko Lublinek Soszyński & Soszyńska-Maj 2011), zoophagous species dominated in all studied sites (Tab. 2). Differences between the forests were only visible for terrestrial saprophagous species, which had the greatest percentage share in the fauna of the Łagiewniki Forest. Differences were also found in the percentage share of aquatic saprophagous species, which dominated in the Lublinek Range. Table. 2. Percentage share of various groups of Syrphidae in the studied forests in Łódź. Zoophage Fitophage Aquatic Saprophage Terrestrial Saprophage Polesie Konstantynowskie NR 57% 13% 18% 12% Lublinek Range 49% 18% 23% 10% Łagiewniki Forest 46% 12% 20% 22% The results of Sørensen and Jaccard indexes calculation among the forests studied in Łódź are given in Tabel 3. Table. 3. Qualitative similarity according to Sørensen and Jaccard indexes among the studied Łódź forests, based on the Syrphidae fauna. Sorenson(Jaccard) Polesie Konstant. NR Lublinek Range Łagiewniki Forest Polesie Konstant. NR 1 Lublinek Range 0,49(0,66) 1 Łagiewniki Forest 0,40(0,57) 0,47(0,64) 1 291

8 B. Soszyński, A. Soszyńska-Maj Summary This paper summarizes almost 40-years of investigation into the Syrphidae in Polesie Konstantynowskie NR. The more recent absence of species of marshy terrain, which have not been recorded since the late 1960s, is possibly connected with lowering of the groundwater level in the area (Soszyński & Śliwiński 1980). Among the species found in the Polesie Konstantynowskie NR, four were not recorded from the Łagiewniki Forest, Criorhina berberina, Eristalis picea, Heringia pubescens and Pyrophaena granditarsis (Soszyński et al. 2010). One taxon, Criorhina berberina, was new to Łódź. There were numerous records of two saproxylophagous species, Xylota sylvarum and X. tarda, whose larvae live in rotten wood,and several other species associated with forest, including Eristalis pertinax, Xylota segnis, Pipiza festiva, Dasysyrphus hilaris, Melangyna cincta, M. guttata and Malanostoma scalar. These signify the ancient origins of this small nature reserve. The most similar forests in Łódź, according to the Syrphidae list of species, were Lublinek Range and Polesie Konstantynowskie NR, which were associated by the water saprophagous species and the Lublinek Range and Łagiewniki Forest, which were surviving remnants of ancient primeval forest. Bibliography Kurowski J.K., 1996: Rezerwaty regionu łódzkiego. ZO Ligi Ochrony Przyrody, Eko-Wynik, Łódź. Magurran A., Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. University Press, Cambridge. Olaczek R., 2008: Skarby przyrody i krajobrazu Polski. Multico, Warszawa. Olaczek R., Sowa R., 1976: Wymieranie flory rodzimej w obszarze zurbanizowanym na przykładzie rezerwatu leśnego Polesie Konstantynowskie w Łodzi. Phytocenosis 5(3/4): Palaczyk A., Soszyński B., Klasa A., Bystrowski C., Mikołajczyk W., Krzemiński W., 2002: Diptera Muchówki. [in:] Z. Głowaciński (Ed.) Czerwona Lista Zwierząt Ginących i Zagrożonych w Polsce. Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków, Siciński J.T., 1990: 60 lat rezerwatu Polesie Konstantynowskie. Wędrownik 35(1-3): Soszyńska-Maj A., Soszyński B., Klasa A., 2009: Distribution and ecology of the saproxylic hoverfly Chalcosyrphus eunotus (Loew, 1873) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Poland. Fragm. faun. 52(2): Soszyński B., 2007: Bzygowate (Syrphidae). [in:] W. Bogdanowicz, E. Chudzicka, I. Pilipiuk, E. Skibińska (eds). Fauna Polski. Charakterystyka i wykaz gatunków. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, 2: , Soszyński B., Soszyńska-Maj A The significance of Lublinek Range for preserving diversity of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Łódź. [in:].. (eds) Fauna miast. NB 292

9 Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Polesie Konstantynowskie Nature Reserve... Soszyński B., Śliwiński Z., 1980: Uwagi o entomofaunie rezerwatu Polesie Konstantynowskie. Chrońmy Przyr. ojcz.: 36(5): Soszyński B., Soszyńska-Maj A., Kowalczyk K, 2010: Bzygowate (Diptera, Syrphidae). [in:]: R. Jaskuła, G. Tończyk (eds) Owady (Insecta) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesień Łódzkich. Dyrekcja PKWŁ, M-ŚTO, Łódź: Wanat, M., 1987: Ryjkowce (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Łodzi. Acta univ. lodz., Folia Zool. Anthropol., 5: van Veen M.P., 2004: Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. Identification keys to the Syrphidae. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht. 293