LOKALIZACJA ELEKTROWNI WIATROWYCH NA ZWAŁOWISKACH ODPADÓW GÓRNICZYCH

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1 GÓRNICTWO I GEOLOGIA 2010 Tom 5 Zeszyt 2 Daria MAKEYEVA Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine SETTING UP OF WIND POWER TURBINES ON DUMPS Summary. Location of autonomous wind power turbines on dumps coal extractive districts of Ukraine is the perspective methods of providing alternative energy of industrial grounds of mines which are subject liquidation, small settlements and districts which are located near-by the sanitary and mechanical protective areas of dumps. These researches is given devoted the physical design of artificial relief on the surface of dumps and research of changes of speed of wind stream in the conditions of his concentration in the channels of different form. LOKALIZACJA ELEKTROWNI WIATROWYCH NA ZWAŁOWISKACH ODPADÓW GÓRNICZYCH Streszczenie. Lokalizacja elektrowni wiatrowych na zwałowiskach w górniczych rejonach Ukrainy jest jedną z perspektywicznych metod dostarczania alternatywnych źródeł energii na terenach przemysłowych, obejmujących obszary likwidowanych kopalń. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest projektowaniu sztucznego ukształtowania powierzchni terenu i analizie zmian prędkości strumienia powietrza przepływającego przez różnego kształtu korytarze wytwarzane w zwałowiskach. Designated lands for mines in Donetsk region occupy hectares which are suitable for agricultural cultivation. On the area of hectares the mine works are ceased and the lands need re-cultivation. The process of re-cultivation is labour-consuming and quite complicated. That is why; the areas of non-cultivated lands are not reduced. Fill of cone dumps the height of which varies from 20 to m mostly harms the landscape. These damps are at hazard of spontaneous combustion and are not suitable for utilization. Thus, reconstruction and re-forming of non-operating cone damps into flat ones have been started. This measure allows long-termed conservation of dump mass but it does not solve the problem of wastes utilization and land re-cultivation. One of the perspective methods of rational utilization of re-formed dumps is to place wind power turbines on them.

liquidation, small settlements and districts which are located near-by the sanitary and mechanical protective areas of dumps.

2 154 D. Makeyeva The practices of producing electrical power from wind power electrical stations in the steppe regions of Ukraine and abroad let us reveal some drawbacks of them. They are the following: huge areas needed for wind power electrical stations, noise generation and infrasound oscillations that are harmful for human health. Also, the is a risk of mechanical destruction of propeller blades and the fragments of them might possibly scatter in the air with a big radius. Another point is the height of wind power turbine masts h=50-80 m and more because of big propeller blades and the necessity to locate these turbines beyond the bounds of circumterraneous level with low wind speed. All the above-mentioned causes remoteness of stations from consumers (L-5 km) which means significant losses of power (Fig. 1). To construct a wind power turbine, the sites with the best wind load are necessary (these are watersheds, as a rule). Moreover, they ought to be far from buildings and forest plantations which define increase of the height of circumterraneous boundary level. Such land resources are limited in Ukraine that hampers wind power engineering development and improving of environmental state. Fig. 1. The scheme of wind power electrical station: 1 wind power electrical station; 2 a transformer; 3 a line of electricity transmission; 4 a consumer of electricity: L the distance from a wind power station to a consumer; h the height of a wind power turbine mast Rys. 1. Schemat elektrowni wiatrowej: 1 elektrownia wiatrowa, 2 transformator, 3 linia przesyłowa, 4 użytkownik energii, L odległość pomiędzy elektrownią a odbiorcą, h wysokość masztu One of the main peculiarities of wind power utilization to produce electricity is that it is dissipated on vast areas and its characteristics are not constant in time and distance. The major factors that influence effectiveness of electrical power production with the help of wind power

Also, the is a risk of mechanical destruction of propeller blades and the fragments of them might possibly scatter in the air with a big radius.

3 Setting up of wind power turbines on dumps 155 electrical stations, is the landscape relief and constancy or predominant winds. It is wellknown that in the mountainous regions wind generators are set up in canyons with stable high speed of wind. For up-to-date wind power turbine the regions with average annual wind speed of 5 m/s and more are used when the mast height of a weather-vane equal to 10 m. The optimal regime of electrical power production is produced when the speed varies from 10 to 15 m/s. In Ukraine the predominant wind power is from 0 to 5 m/s (70 90%). On the plateau of flat dumps with the height of 40 m the speed is higher 0 6 m/s and this fact shows expediency of wind power station placing on them. But we cannot expect steady and effective work regime. High technical and economic indices of a wind power station work can be provided as a result of a wind flow power concentration in a funnel-shaped relief of a dump. Such configuration of a dump surface allows to increase the speed component of a natural wind flow and to approximate its value to the optimal one for the work of a wind power turbine (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. The location of a wind power turbine on an artificial relief: 1 a wind power turbine; 2 a funnel-shaped wind canal; 3 a wind flow; h the height of a dump; H the height of a wind power turbine base Rys. 2. Lokalizacja elektrowni wiatrowej na utworzonym wzniesieniu: 1 elektrownia wiatrowa, 2 kanał, 3 strumień powietrza, h wysokość nasypu, H wysokość posadowienia masztu

For up-to-date wind power turbine the regions with average annual wind speed of 5 m/s and more are used when the mast height of a weather-vane equal to 10 m.

4 156 D. Makeyeva Placing wind power stations on dumps will help to remove the defects which traditional plain wind power stations have. Simultaneously, some economic and environmental problems can be solved: - to reduce the primary expenses for electrical supply equipment while utilizing mine transformers and electricity transmission lines; - to utilize flat dump areas and existing sanitary and mechanical protective areas rationally; - to make wind power more suitable for a consumer and decrease power losses; - to reduce metal capacity of wind power constructions, as there is no need to erect a high mast for wind generators; - to disengage arable lands occupied by wind power stations at present; - to use predominant wind flows above the built-up area in the most optimal way; - to provide dispersion and damping of infrasound oscillations in the loose surroundings. Fig. 3. The scheme of a wind power station when a wind power turbine is on o dump: 1 a wind power turbine; 2 an artificial relief aerodynamic canal on a dump; 3 electricity transmission lines; 4 a transformer; 5 a power consumer; L1 the distance between a wind power turbine and a consumer; h1 the height of a wind power turbine mast; H the height of a base of a wind power turbine Rys. 3. Schemat elektrowni witrowej w przypadku jej lokalizacji na zwałowisku odpadów: 1 turbina, 2 sztucznie utworzony kanał aerodynamiczny, 3 linie przesyłowe, 4 transformator, 5 odbiorca energii, L1 odległość pomiędzy elektrownią wiatrową a odbiorcą, h1 wysokość masztu, H wysokość posadowienia masztu In the environmental aspect the development of wind power engineering in Ukraine makes it possible to decrease fuel utilization and at the result of it big amounts of toxic wastes to the atmosphere and environmental pollution will decrease.

lines; - to utilize flat dump areas and existing sanitary and mechanical protective areas rationally; - to make wind power more suitable for a consumer and decrease power losses; - to reduce metal

5 Setting up of wind power turbines on dumps 157 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. The perspectives of mining technologies at the beginning of the third millennium. Collection of scientific works. - Alchevsk: DGMI, 1999, p Ecology and economics: educational supply. - K.: KNEU, 1999.p with illustrations. 3. The recommended rules for choosing the areas for wind power systems. ABA AWEA 8/2, 1993, 137 p. 4. Wind power engineering in Ukraine: The materials of the report prepared for Denmark Power program regarding environmental aspects of Ukraine, - K.: 2009, p Recenzent: Prof. dr hab. inż. Krystian Probierz Omówienie Umiejscowienie elektrowni wiatrowych na zwałowiskach odpadów umożliwia pominięcie wielu negatywnych aspektów związanych z ich budową i eksploatacją w tradycyjny sposób. Jednocześnie pozwala to na rozwiązanie problemów ekonomicznych oraz tych związanych z ochroną środowiska: dzięki wykorzystaniu istniejącej na zwałowiskach infrastruktury energetycznej koszty przesyłu wyprodukowanej energii są niższe, możliwe jest bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie energii wiatru i obniżenie strat przy jej zamianie na energię kinetyczną wirnika, lokalizacja elektrowni wiatrowych na sztucznych nasypach pozwala na zmniejszenie wysokości ich masztów, a w konsekwencji mniejsze zużycie materiałów i mniejsze koszty związane z pracami budowlanymi, umiejscowienie elektrowni na zwałowiskach nie skutkuje utratą powierzchni gruntów ornych, wykorzystywane będę prądy powietrza przepływające powyżej obszarów zabudowanych, ukształtowanie terenu pozwoli na efektywną redukcję drgań generowanych przez elektrownie.

ABA AWEA 8/2, 1993, 137 p. 4. Wind power engineering in Ukraine: The materials of the report prepared for Denmark Power program regarding environmental aspects of Ukraine, - K.: 2009, p. 215.

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