Recenzent Maria Wysocka. Projekt okładki Zbigniew Karaszewski. Redaktor prowadzący Maria Szewczyk. Redaktor Jerzy Zybert

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1 Recenzent Maria Wysocka Projekt okładki Zbigniew Karaszewski Redaktor prowadzący Maria Szewczyk Redaktor Jerzy Zybert Redakcja techniczna Zofia Kosińska Korekta Maria Wojciechowska Skład i łamanie LogoScript # Copyright by Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego 2006 ISBN Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego , ul. Nowy Świat wuw@uw.edu.pl Dział Handlowy WUW: tel. ( ) ; dz.handlowy@uw.edu.pl Księgarnia Internetowa: Wydanie I Druk i oprawa: Zakład Graficzny UW

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3 Tabula Gratulatoria for Professor Jan Rusiecki presented on the occasion of His 80 th Birthday in connection with the Festschrift April, 2006

4 Tabula Gratulatoria 7 Lucyna ALEKSANDROWICZ-PĘDICH, Białystok Jarosław ANCZEWSKI, Canberra Janusz ARABSKI, Sosnowiec Wiesław AWEDYK, Poznań Dorota BABILAS, Piotr BAŃSKI, Hanna BIAŁAS, Maria BIRKENMAJER, Bartłomiej BŁASZKIEWICZ, Maria BŁASZKIEWICZ, Andrzej BOGUSŁAWSKI, Małgorzata BONIKOWSKA, Toronto Piotr BORKOWSKI, Nancy BURKE, Maria BYLINA, Grażyna BYSTYDZIEŃSKA, Anna CETERA, Karol CHEŁCHOWSKI, Halina CHODKIEWICZ, Lublin Bożenna CHYLIŃSKA, Bartłomiej CZAPLICKI, Maria DAKOWSKA, Magdalena DANIELEWICZOWA, Anita DEMBSKA, Irena DOBRZYCKA, Krystyna DROŹDZIAŁ-SZELEST, Poznań Anna DUSZAK, Jacek FISIAK, Poznań Elżbieta FOLTYŃSKA, Danuta GABRYŚ-BARKER, Sosnowiec Elżbieta GAJEK-KAWECKA, Marek GOŁĘBIOWSKI, Romuald GOZDAWA-GOŁĘBIOWSKI, Elżbieta GÓRSKA, Grażyna GRUDZIŃSKA, Małgorzata GRZEGORZEWSKA, Emma HARRIS, Jerzy JARNIEWICZ, Łódź Tatiana KAMIŃSKA, Zofia KAPCZYŃSKA, Wojciech KASPRZAK, Andrzej KAZNOWSKI, Barry KEANE, Magdalena KIZEWETER, Hanna KOMOROWSKA-JANOWSKA, Stefan KONDERSKI, Monterey Paweł KORNACKI, Aniela KORZENIOWSKA, Barbara KOWALIK, Joanna KRASOWSKA-CHLABICZ, Tomasz KRZESZOWSKI, Danuta KURZYCA, Jolanta LATKOWSKA, Sosnowiec Ewa LEWICKA-MROCZEK, Białystok Zbigniew LEWICKI, Agnieszka LENTAS, Paddy LYONS, Wiesław ŁABUŃKO-ŁABUŃSKI, Ewa ŁUCZAK, Małgorzata ŁUCZYŃSKA, Beata ŁUKASZEWICZ, Jan MAJER, Łódź Waldemar MARTON, Poznań Dominika MATERSKA, Lidia MATUSZEWSKA, Anna MICHOŃSKA-STADNIK,Wrocław

5 8 Tabula Gratulatoria Jerzy MIESZKOWSKI, Alicja MIŁEK, Ewa MIODUSZEWSKA, Zbigniew MOŻEJKO, Anna MURKOWSKA, Anna NIŻEGORODCEW, Kraków Agnieszka OTWINOWSKA-KASZTELANIC, Monika OPALIŃSKA, James PANKHURST, Münster Marek PARYŻ, Alicja PETRUS-ZAGROBA, Zofia PIEKAREC-PAPUZIŃSKA, Tadeusz PIÓRO, Agnieszka PISKORSKA, Jacek PODLASIN, Anna PODSADNI, Agata PREIS-SMITH, Stanisław PUPPEL, Poznań Edmund RONOWICZ, Sydney Jerzy RUBACH, Paweł RUTKOWSKI, Małgorzata RZEŹNIK, Ewa SCHRAMM, Elżbieta SIENIUTYCZ, Stefan SIKORA, Bogna SIKORSKA-SIKORA, Piotr SKUROWSKI, Elżbieta SKWERES, Ludmiła SOBOLEW, Marzena SOKOŁOWSKA-PARYŻ, Andrzej SOSNOWSKI, Edyta SUPIŃSKA-POLIT, Maria SZABELSKA, Tadeusz SZABELSKI, Agnieszka SZARKOWSKA, Aleksander SZWEDEK, Bydgoszcz Barbara SZYMAŃSKA, Izabela SZYMAŃSKA, Katarzyna ŚLASKA, Grzegorz ŚPIEWAK, Irmina TIMOSZUK, Ewa TRUSZCZYŃSKA, Barbara WALKIEWICZ, Ewa WAŁASZEWSKA, Anna WASILEWSKA, Jerzy WEŁNA, Anna WESELIŃSKA, Andrzej WESELIŃSKI, Hanna WIŚNIEWSKA, Jacek WIŚNIEWSKI, Waldemar WOŹNIAKOWSKI, Maria WYSOCKA, Sosnowiec Elżbieta ZAWADZKA, Jerzy ZYBERT,

6 Contents Preface (Emma Harris) Editor s note (Jerzy Zybert) Curriculum vitae List of publications Halina Chodkiewicz Strategy use as a factor in promoting reading comprehension in EFL.. 33 Krystyna Droździał-Szelest Recent developments in ELT methodology and their implications for language teacher education Danuta Gabryś-Barker Neurolinguistic studies in second language acquisition: theory and practice Romuald Gozdawa-Gołębiowski Do errors reveal anything about UG involvement in foreign language learning?

7 10 Contents Hanna Komorowska Teaching English as a lingua franca Jan Majer Code-switching in classroom talk: a continuing controversy of language pedagogy Anna Michońska-Stadnik Some aspects of environmental and gender constraints on attributions of second language learners Ewa Mioduszewska Levels of metarepresentation and language teaching Anna Niżegorodcew Some problems with communicative foreign language teaching Stanisław Puppel Phonological development: a brief survey Jerzy Zybert On (de-)motivating language learners List of Contributors

8 Preface For more than five decades, Professor Jan Rusiecki has been associated with the University of Warsaw as a student and teacher, and it is in recognition of his many services to learning that this volume has been prepared by his colleague Professor Jerzy Zybert, as a tribute. Professor Jan Rusiecki is known in Polish academic circles and to the wider world of linguists as an expert in the syntax and semantics of modern English, with an interest in comparisons with modern Polish, in particular, the semantics of adjective comparison, the generic use of determiners, conditional sentences and the categorization of verbs; he has also written on the influence of English upon Polish, both at the lexical and syntactic level; and his interests in applied linguistics cover second language acquisition and learning, lately in particular computer-assisted language learning. He has worked with some of the most eminent figures in the field, including Randolph Quirk, now Lord Quirk. His academic standing is reflected in the fact that he is currently president of the Polish Association for the Study of English, the ESSE-affiliated professional society of university teachers in English departments. Jan Rusiecki has not confined his activities to the ivory tower of academic research. He has made his mark on educational institutions, most notably the Institute of English Studies of the

9 12 Preface University of Warsaw, where he has worked since In 1969, he was responsible for setting up within the Institute a Department of Applied Linguistics which he continued to direct intermittently until This department, which has been responsible since 1969 for the practical teaching of English combined with research in the area, flourished under Professor Rusiecki s enthusiastic direction. It became a notable centre for research into language teaching methodology, language acquisition and language testing, and Professor Rusiecki himself, on the eve of his eightieth birthday, is still one of the most active scholars in our midst, constantly attracting many postgraduate research students from as far afield as China. Professor Rusiecki was also director of the Institute of English Studies from 1978 to 1984, guiding it with his usual tact, foresight and diplomacy through a turbulent period in its history. He continues to serve, as he did many times in the past, as chairman of the Institute Council a role in which tact, foresight and diplomacy are still frequently required. Throughout his career, Jan Rusiecki has also carried his academic knowledge and skills out into the real world of language teaching. He has been actively involved in projects designed to improve the tools available to teachers of English in the school system in Poland. He has produced a large number of widely-known and original textbooks for the study of English, and has always been involved in discussion with practitioners of the problems of language teachers. In the 1990s, he took a keen interest in the development of training colleges for language teachers in Poland, and supervised the work of colleges in Białystok and Łomża. He has been involved in the work of various examination bodies, and most recently has chaired the University of Warsaw commission which is providing language testing examinations. In 1991, in an undertaking that was an appropriate culmination of these efforts, he became the co-founder and first president of the Polish branch of IATEFL; he remains honorary president of the Association. To his friends and colleagues throughout Poland, and more particularly to those who have had the privilege to work with him in

10 Preface 13 the Institute of English Studies of the University of Warsaw, Jan Rusiecki is an institution, and at the same time a man of integrity, great sensitivity and delicacy, a man on whose word everyone can rely. Jan Rusiecki is a cross-cultural phenomenon. He could serve as an ideal representation of a member of the Polish intelligentsia and at the same time as an example of the perfect English gentleman. He employs that exquisite politeness to all, from every walk of life, that marks a gentleman in any culture. He speaks and writes both Polish and English with care and precision, and with a beautiful attention to style. He has an open mind and can always be relied on to arrive at unexpected conclusions. He was born and educated in Warsaw, where he attended the Stefan Batory grammar school a school which has produced other distinguished professors of English, for example Witold Ostrowski. It was at this school that he began, at the age of twelve in 1938, to learn English under Antoni Prejbisz, and during the German occupation he continued to learn the language at clandestine classes. He joined the AK, the Home Army, and at the age of eighteen, took part in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, in which he was wounded. After the war, he enrolled at the University of Warsaw and was awarded the degree of M.A. in In 1957 to 1959, he made his first visit to Britain, attached thanks to a British Council scholarship to the University of London Institute of Education and the University of Durham. It was during this visit that he met his future wife, Hilda Andrews, who has worked with him on the production of many of his teaching materials. He also fell in love during this visit with many aspects of British culture. But he retained a great love of things Polish: of Chopin and of the Polish countryside; he is an enthusiastic walker and climber, and is the author or co-author of five guidebooks to the Pieniny Mountains, the spa town of Szczawnica and the Beskid Sądecki mountain range. He has achieved a fine appreciation of the two cultures, while retaining an ability to be constructively critical of both. He has made good use of these cultural sensitivities in his life s work.

11 14 Preface We congratulate Professor Rusiecki on the achievements of his first eighty years, and wish him many further successes in the long years ahead when he will continue to work with us and inspire us. We hope that the present volume may show how deeply generations of English scholars and teachers in Poland stand in his debt. Emma Harris

12 Editor s note Changes taking place in the contemporary world, human new needs and expectations in all domains of life affect scientific developments, including linguistics and foreign language teaching methodology. A number of factors determine the current need for foreign languages, particularly English (cf. Komorowska, in this volume); among these are: the growth of the information society whose further development depends on a variety of sources of information accessible via computer networks, normally provided in English, globalization, which requires and simultaneously facilitates the safe flow of people all over the world where a good command of languages guarantees its effectiveness, transformations taking place within language pedagogy emphasizing advantages of multisensory learning and motivational strategies for developing learner autonomy and provision of adequate instructional tools. Although the issue of success as resulting from one s own willingness to learn was raised already over a century ago by Maria Montessori, it seems that it is globalization and unimpeded access to rich Internet resources that are the most effective motivators to foreign language learning in the present era. Research shows that

13 16 Editor s note learning is most effective when it provides pleasure and its outcomes are instantaneously utilized. The above-mentioned issues, crucial in the contemporary foreign language didactics, are reflected from various facets in the articles included in the present volume. The collection is dedicated to Professor Jan Rusiecki in recognition of his devotion to teaching English as a foreign language in Poland and elsewhere and of his vast knowledge in the domain of second language acquisition which he has so successfully used throughout those years promoting his students towards Master s and PhD degrees. The contributors are all professors in Polish universities, colleagues and friends, some of them his former students. Professor Jan Rusiecki s contribution to the development of both practical and theoretical aspects of applied linguistics is widely recognized in Poland and abroad. His publications, conference contributions and actual teaching provided a significant host of information on current foreign language teaching and learning issues to all interested in the relevant fields of study and research. This Festschrift is presented to him on the occasion of his eightieth birthday with great thanks for everything that he has done to develop applied linguistics contributing to the field and to popularizing the English language in Poland. Dear Jan, we, your fans and admirers, wish you all the best for the years to come: excellent health and stamina, and many more successful academic achievements. Ad multos annos! Jerzy Zybert